初三英语动词不定式知识精讲

初三英语动词不定式【本讲主要内容】动词不定式【知识总结归纳】-.构成：to+动词原形二.特征：.不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也保留动词的特征，它有自己的宾语和状语，来构成不定式短语。eg.wanttogotherebybike..动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化。（1）动词不定式的一般式：“to+动词原形”eg.Iamgladtomeetyouagain.Iwanttogototheconcert.（2）动词不定式的完成式：“tohave+动词的过去分词”。eg.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingfora10ngtime.二.用法：.作主语（如果不定式短语过长，可以把此短语放在句尾，主语的位置可以用it来替换，叫做形式主语）eg.\Togosurfingisexciting.IItisexcitingtogosurfing.Tosetupthenewbuildingwilltakethemayearandahalf.Itwilltakethemayearandahalftosetupthenewbuilding.Tolearnallthesubjectswellisimportant.Itisimportanttolearnallthesubjectswell.▲在it作形式主语的句子中，某些形容词之后，不定式之前常带有forsb，这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，interesting，necessary等。而在某些形容词之后，不定式之前常带有ofsb，这类形容词有：nice，good，kind，clever，foolish，careful，polite等。eg.Itishardformetocleanupthewholeroominanhour.Itisnecessaryforustogooverthelessonseveryday.Itiskindofyoutosayso.Itispoliteofhertosayhellotous..作宾语eg.Shewantstoinviteustoherbirthdayparty.Noonewouldliketotalkswithhim.Hetriedtosavemoneyeverymonth.▲在某些复合宾语中可用it代表不定式，叫做形式宾语，将真正的宾语放在句尾。eg.Hefounditdifficulttolistentotheteachercarefully.Wethoughtitnecessarytoaskforheradvice.▲在某些动词的后面，既可以用不定式作宾语，又可以用动名词作宾语，但在意义上有所不同。eg.（1）stopdoing表示“停止做（正在做的事情）”stoptodo表示“停下来，去做 ”比较：Let’sstoplisteningtothemusic,shallW让我们停止听音乐，好吗？Let’sstoptolistentothemusic,shallwe?让我们停下来，听听音乐好吗？（2）remember/forgetdoing记得/忘记（已做过的）事情remember/forgettodo记得/忘记（要去做的）事情比较：Iremembertakinghimtothefarthestisland.我记得带他去过那个最远的岛。Pleaseremembertokeepintouchwithme.请记住与我保持联系。Iforgotlendinghimmydictionary.我忘记了我借过他我的字典。Don’tforgettocallmeontime.请不要忘记准时给我打电话。.作宾语补足语eg.Heaskedmetotreathiscatcarefully.Ourteacherstoldusnottoplayfootballonthestreet.Wouldyoulikemetogofishingwithyou?▲在make，let，see，hear，notice，feel，watch等动词后的复合宾语，不定式都不带to。eg.Didyounoticehimgodownstairs?Isawabirdflyoverthetreejustnow.Thebossmakestheworkersworkfortwelvehourseveryday..作定语eg.Ihavealettertowritetoday.Wehavegotalotofbookstoread.Wemustfindapersontodothework.▲若不定式与之所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，而不定式是不及物动词，那么它后面应加上必要的介词。eg.Wehaveenoughroomstolivein.Zhangnanisagirltogetalongwellwith..作状语（不定式作状语，可以修饰动词表示目的，结果或原因）eg.Heworkshardtoearnmoremoney.Heistooangrytosayaword.Wearesurprisedtofindhimhere..作表语（主要说明主语的内容）eg.Hisnobbyistoreadbooks.Ourdutyistokeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy..不定式与疑问词连用eg.Ican'tdecidewhichonetochoose.Tellmewhentosetoff.Noonetoldmewheretohavethemeeting.【题型展示】[例1]I'msorry,Ireallydon'tknowtheclock.A.tomendB.howshouldImendC.whattomendD.howtomend答案：D[例2]“MrZhu,you'dbettertoomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight."saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat答案：C[例3]Heistoooldthebox.A.tocarryB.carryingC.carryD.carries答案：A[例4]Heoftenaskshissonhisclothes.A.towashB.washC.washingD.washed答案：A[例5]—Couldyougivemeahand,please?—Sure.Whatwouldyoulikeme?A.doB.todoC.doingD.does答案：B[例6]MothermakesmemyhomeworkeverydaybeforeIcanplayvideogames.A.finishB.finishedC.finishingD.tofinish答案：A[例7]Thedoctoroftentellshimmoreexercise.A.totakeB.takingC.takenD.take答案：A[例8]Whenclassbegan,westoppedtotheteachercarefully.A.listeningB.listenC.listensD.tolisten答案：D[例9]Shehasnopaper.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingonD.towriteon答案：D[例10]Hefoundithardhisclass.A.tocatchupB.catchupwith C.catchupD.tocatchupwith答案：D【实战模拟】一.用不定式或-ing的适当形式填空It'sverykindofyou（do）itforme.Ifyouwant（go）withus,youshouldhurryup.Isawhim（enter）thehousethismorning.Isawhim（swim）inthelakewhenIwalkedpast.Heaskedme（leave）atsixthirty.Istilldon'tknowwhere（go）.Iwant（have）someone（help）mewithmymaths.Beforeyouleave,don'tforget（turn）offthelight.You'dbetter（stay）athomeand（do）yourhomework.Istopped（write）（look）formyknife.Itisimpossible（finish）itinoneday.It'stime（get）up.I’mveryglad（make）somanyfriends.Thepassageisnotveryeasy（understand）.I’msorrythatIhavenothing（send）you.I’lltry（not,do）itagain.Weweresurprised（see）himthere.Thebesttime（plant）treesisinspring.Satellitesareusedfor（learn）moreabouttheearth.Hefinished（wash）ateightintheevening.Youhaveworkedfor4hours.You'dbetter（stop）（have）arest.Heoftentellsusfunnystoriesandmakesus（laugh）.Motheralwaystellsme（not,read）inbed.Theheadmasterwasasked（speak）atthemeeting.（smoke）toomuchisbadforyouhealth.Iwanttoseeafilminsteadof（watch）TV.Theoldmanfounditdifficult（fall）asleep.Therunnerfelldown,buthe quicklygotup andwenton（run）.Ittookthewritertwoyears（finish） thebook.Ispentanhouranahalf（do）myhomework.Youruncleisbusy（mend）thisoldbike.Whenheenteredtheroom,theyallstopped（talk）.I’msorryIhavekeptyou（wait）forsolong.Letme（think）itoverbeforeIansweryou.Ioftenhearher（cough）atnight.Somethingiswrongwiththeradio.Itneeds（fix）.Ihavenothing(do).Pleasegetmesomething(read).Theystopped(listen),buttherewasnomoresound.Afterhereadthetext,hewenton(explain)it.Bobseems(know)wheresheis..单项选择Ihopewiththem.A.youtogoB.togoC.goingD.ofgoingTellthemmakeanynoise.A.notB.don'tC.nottoD.tonotHereisaroom.A.forlivingB.toliveC.liveinD.toliveinThankyouverymuchittome.A.forlendingB.tolendC.oflendingD.tolendingTheteacheraskedmethetext.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.forreadingTheydecidedfootball.A.playB.playingC.ofplayingD.toplayKeephard,andyouwillcatchupwithus.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.workedTheclockneeds.A.tomendB.tobemendC.mendingD.beingmendedIt'stimeforsuppernow.Let′sit.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppingtohave10.Ihavealotofthingsthisweekend.A.doB.didC.doingD.todoYou'dbetterinthisriver.It'stoodangerous.A.nottoswimB.notswimC.toswimD.swimLilylikestheclothesoflightcolour.A.toputonB.puttingonC.todressD.towearIt'stoolate.Whyabus?A.nottotakeB.nottakingC.nottakeD.don'ttakeWhenI'mtired,Ienjoymusic.A.listeningB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearingLindafeltsorry.ButHissmilemadeherbetter.A.tofeelB.feelC.feltD.feelingIheardMotherwithFatherinthenextroomat9:00.A.istalkingB.talkingC.totalkD.talkTheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfromtheearthaway.A.blowB.toblowC.blowingD.blowsDidtheteachertellyouthisafternoon?A.togowhereB.todowhatC.howtodoD.whentoleaveWestilldon'tknowwhom.A.shouldtalkwithB.totalkwithC.totalkD.talkingwithWuDongisgoodatEnglish.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spokenLeiFengwasalwaysreadyothers.A.helpingB.helpedC.tohelpD.helpHaveyoudecidedforyourholiday.A.gowhereB.wheretogoC.togowhereD.wheretogotoWouldyoupleasemeachair?A.give,tositonB.give,tositC.giving,tositD.togive,tositonThoughhehadoftenmadehissister,todayhewasmade byhissister.A.tocry,tocryB.cry,cryC.cry,tocryD.tocry,cry—Whyareyougoingshoppingifyoudon't?—Mywifewantswithher.A.wantto,IgoB.want,megoingC.wantto,metogoD.want,togoWhatafineday!Howaboutoutforawalk?A.goB.togoC.goingD.togoingWouldyoumindthewindow.A.tocloseB.closingC.closeD.closeHeranintotheroomthegirl.A.savingB.tosaveC.savedD.saveDoyouhearherthissong?Sometimes.A.singB.sangC.singingD.tosingTheykeptthefirethemselveswarm.A.burning,keepingB.toburn,tokeepC.burning,tokeepD.toburnkeepingIthinkitimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.learnedD.tolearnRememberlateforclassagain.A.nottobeB.don'tbeC.notbeD.nottoHefoundinterestingwithhim.A.this,totalkB.it,totalkC.that,talkingD.ittalkingIhavenopen.A.writingwithB.towriteonC.towritewithD.towriteBobdoesn'tknowtowriteabout.A.howB.whatC.thatD.whoseI’lltrythesamemistakeagain.A.tonotmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.notmakeisonething,isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoB.Say,doC.Tosay,do D.Say,todoItistooharditbymyselfwithoutyourhelp.A.nottodoB.todoC.fordoingD.doingIt'snoteasyyoutohelpme,butit'snieyoutodoso.A.of,forB.of,ofC.for,forD.for,of40.I’dlikeyournewbikeandIwouldlikeyoumynewcar.A.tosee,todriveB.tosee,drivingC.seeing,todriveD.seeing,drivingIhaveneverheardhimso.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.saidDoyouoftenseeherforhimatthebusstop?A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waitsTheteachermadethestudentsthetexttwiceaday.A.wouldreadB.readingC.toreadD.readShewasseenpaperplanesintheroom.A.madeB.tomakeC.makeD.m