主动被动态的翻译

经贸英语翻译1被动语态的译法被动态使用的场合：1，不必要说出主动者；2，不愿说主动者；3，无从说出主动者；4，强调被动动作；5，为了行文方便、叙述客观、措辞得当、语气委婉等。语法学家解释：英语多用被动态，主要在于——着重被动的动作，说话人对行为对象更感兴趣；受事方（接受动作的人）是话语的主题或语义中心；受动者更为重要，受事方可以是人也可以是事物；行为动作的主题不明，或无须说出施事方（发出动作的人）；上下文需要，加强文本的连贯性，衔接更为紧密自然。启示：英译汉时，大量被动语态的句子需转换为汉语的主动语态；而汉译英时，许多主动句可以译成英语被动句。21.Visitorsarerequestedtoleavetheircoatsinthecloakroom.请来宾将外套存放衣帽间。2.Yourinquiriesforalltypesofelectricgoodswouldbeappreciated.欢迎来函询购各种电器商品。3.Weexpectthatthedeliverywillbeeffectedatyourearliestconvenience.盼你方早日交货。4.Thegoodsareurgentlyneeded.Promptshipmentwillbeappreciated.急需此货，请即装运。35.ShipmentcanbemadewithintwoweeksafterreceiptofyourL/C.在收到你方信用证的两星期内，我方即可发货。6.ShippersarerequestedtonoteparticularlytheexceptionsandconditionsoftheBillofLadingwithreferencetothevalidityoftheinsuranceupontheirgoods.托运人务必注意本提单内与该货保险效力有关的免责事项和条款。7.Thetimedraftwillbesenttoyourforyouracceptancewithinacoupleofdays.我们将于近日内送期票给你处承兑。48.ThequotationappearingonourpricelistshouldbeunderstoodasF.O.B.EuropeanMainPorts.务请注意，我方价目单所列价格均为欧洲主要口岸船上交货价。9.Ifgoodsofaninflammable,explosiveordangerousnatureareshippedwithoutcontentsbeingpreviouslydeclaredofshippedunderfalsedescription,theymayatanytimebelandedatanyplaceorthrownoverboardordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutcompensation.托运人在装运前若未事先声明或以错误品名托运易燃、易爆或其它危险性货物，承运人可随时将其卸下、抛弃、销毁、或采取其他任何办法使其不能为害，而承运人不负任何赔偿责任。总结：翻译英语被动句时，可以尝试使用主动态。51.BillscanbeeasilydiscountedinLondon.汇票在伦敦贴现毫无困难。2.Theagreementhasbeenmadeoutandinitialized.协议已缮写完毕并已草签。3.Yourdraftof12thMarchhasbeenacceptedandwillbegivenourpromptattention.你方3月12日汇票已承兑，到期当照付。4.WhenteawasfirstsoldinLondon,thepricewasashighas10Britishpoundsforonpoundoftea.茶初次在伦敦出售时，每磅价格高达10英镑。5.Thisproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.这个问题将于明天讨论。66.ThegoodswillbeshippedtoChinainfivedifferentlotswithinfiveyears.货物将在五年内分五次向中国发运。7.Theabove-mentionedfundsshallbecontributedincash,inkindandintechnologyasmutuallyagreedbytheParties.上述货物应以双方同意的资金、实物和技术投入。总结：英语被动句，可以译成不带有汉语被动意义标记的被动句；动作执行者并不出现。71.OurquotationhasbeenacceptedbytheMexicanimporter,whichwillleadtofurtherbusiness.我方的报价已被这个墨西哥进口公司接受，这将会带来更多的生意。2.Money,whichisgenerallyconsideredtobemadeupofbanknotes,coinsandsavings,isusedtopayfororbuyacommodityand/orservice.通常认为货币由纸币、辅币和银行存款组成，用以购买商品和服务。3.Therecommendationwillberegardedasvoidunlessitbearstheofficialsealoftheinstitutionthatissuesit.除非推荐书上盖有签发单位的正式印章，否则该推荐书将被视为无效。（也可用rendered）4.HewaselectedChairmanoftheBoard.他被选为董事长。（“当选”亦可）85.TheAmericantradedelegationwasgivenaheartywelcome.美国贸易代表团受到热烈欢迎。6.Afterthesaidlicenseisapproved,weshallestablishanL/Cinyourfavor.许可证获准后，即开立以你方为受益人的信用证。7.AllourpricesarequotedC.I.F.totheportofdestination.我方所报全部价格均为目的港到岸价。8.Claims,ifany,mustbemadewithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination,afterwhichnoclaimswillbeentertained.万一/一旦发生索赔，必须于货到目的地后30天内提出，过期不予受理。99.Commercialinvoicemustbeidentifiedbyaresponsibleindividualwhohasknowledgeof,orcanreadilyobtainknowledgeof,thefactsofthetransaction,andmustbeanemployeeoftheexporter.商业发票必须由出口人指定的熟悉本项交易，或可以立即了解本项交易的一名负责雇员签字证明。（或：····由出口人指定专人签字证明，且此人须是熟悉本项交易，或可立即了解本项交易的一名负责雇员。）10.Thiscontractshallbevalidonandfromthe1stdayofFebruary,2005,andanyofthearticlesinthiscontractshallbechangedormodifiedunlessbymutualwrittenconsent.本合同自2005年2月1日起生效，未经双方书面同意，本合同之任何条款不得变更或修改。总结：汉语的被动标记非常复杂，最常见的有“被”、“受”、“遭”、“所”、“获”、“给”、“由”、“把”、“使”、“加以”、“予以”、“蒙”、“不得”等等。101.Incaseofnon-delivery,lettersmustbereturnedtothesenders.函件无法投递时，务必退还原寄件人。2.Thecompanyhastopayaheavyrentforthelandifitislocatedintheshoppingcenterofthetown.如果该公司位于城镇的商业区，就得缴付昂贵的土地租金。总结：汉语中“会议取消了”、“问题已解决了”、“机器修好了”等看似主动，实际上却是被动。11Ithasbeenviewedthat有人指出···Itisassertedthat有人主张···Itisbelievedthat有人相信···；人们相信···Itisclaimedthat有人宣称···Itisnotedthat有人注意到···Itispreferredthat有人喜欢···Itiswell-knownthat众所周知；我们知道；大家都知道一些特殊的被动结构Itisreportedthat有人报告说···Itissometimesaskedthat人们有时会问···Itisstatedthat有人说···Itistakenthat人们认为···；人们认为，···Itwastoldthat有人曾说···Itisunderstoodthat大家知道···Itiswell-knownthat（同上）12Itisfairlylesswell-knownthat鲜为人知的是Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家普遍认为；人们普遍认为翻译：1.Governmentalinvolvementisgenerallyconsideredtobedetrimentaltocompetitionandtheoptimalallocationofthefactorsofproduction.人们普遍认为政府干预只会对竞争不利，只会有损于生产要素的最佳配置。2.ThetransformativepoweroftheInternethasbeenfeltunevenly.人们对因特网的变革能力的感受是不一样的。对因特网的变革能力，人们的感受并不一样。13无主句Ithasbeendiscussedthat讨论了···Ithasbeenillustratedthat据说明，···；据图示，···Itisbelievedthat可以认为···；据信Itisenumeratedthat列举了Itisfoundthat据发现，···Itisgenerallyagreedthat一般认为···Itishopedthat希望···Itisreportedthat据报道，···Itissaid/stated/wastoldthat据说，···Itissupposedthat据推测，···Itisweighedthat权衡了···Itmustbesafelysaidthat可以有把握地说，···Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认，···Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出，···14Itshouldbenotedthat应当指出，···Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可见，··