2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧八 强调倒装虚拟语气句型和丰富细节的手段

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段备考技巧丄特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。一．重点突出的强调句型（一）强调句的基本句式结构为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。Itisjusttheso-calledinconveniencethatdisplaystherichness,delicacyandgreatfascinationofChineseculturewithahistoryofthousandsofyears.（2019年浙江高考书面表达）在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤：在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等；根据句子的时态确定is或was；然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分。例：Wecreatedaharmoniousatmospherewithsincerityandfaithfulness.如果我们要强调状语，即withsincerityandfaithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在itwas后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到：Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.（二）强调句常用句式Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其它成分ItisontheplaygroundthisFridayafternoonthatavolleyballgamewillbeheld.（2019全国一卷书面表达）Itwasbecauseoftheirhelpthatadisasterwasavoided.（2017年浙江高考书面表达）Is/wasit+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其它成分Wasitintheparkthatthechildrensawthestrangegreenobjects?特殊疑问词+is/wasit+被强调的部分+句子其它成分Whenwasitthatyoumadeupyourmindtoworkasavolunteerteacher?Itis/wasnotuntilthat+句子其它成分Itwasn'tuntilhewentthroughrealhardshipthatherealizedtheloveforafamilycounts.注意：强调谓语动词时，可以用助动词do/does/didWedidhopetherewouldbemoremeaningfulactivitiesinthecomingfuture.（2015年北京高考）二．平衡句子的倒装句型英语书面表达中的倒装举行主要包括部分倒装和全倒装。一般应用文、议论文、故事续写和文章概写都可使用倒装句型，可以使句子更为生动和高级。考生平时应多注意和练习以下句型。1.“only+状语”置于句首时，句子需要使用部分倒装。Wecanhelptoconstructanenergy-savingsocietyonlywithjointefforts.Onlywithjointeffortscanwehelptoconstructanenergy-savingsociety.2・none,neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely,barely,little,seldom等否定词或atnotime,innoway,undernocircumstances,bynomeans,notuntil,notonly,notasingleword等表示否定意义的短语放于句首时，句子也要部分倒装。①.Henotonlymadeapromise,butalsohekeptit.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.②.WehadnosoonerarrivedattheactivitycenterthanwesignedupfortheWalkingContest.NosoonerhadwearrivedattheactivitycenterthanwesignedupfortheWalkingContest.3・在so/such・・・that・・・结构中，当so/such・・・位于句首时，后面的从句需要考虑使用倒装。①.Wearesoeagertowinthegamethatweshouldprepareforit.Soeagertowinthegamearewethatweshouldprepareforit.（2019全国一卷书面表达）②.Hedrovesocarelesslythathealmostkilledhimself.Socarelesslydidhedrivesocarelesslythathealmostkilledhimself.as表示尽管时，后面的形容词、名词、副词等成分必须置前；though在这种情况下，是否倒装都可以。Though/Although/Whilehewas,hestillwentonwithhisfarmwork.Exhaustedas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonwithhisfarmwork.5・虚拟语气条件句中的“Were/Should/HadI・・・”倒装句式①.Lookingback,IfeelIwouldn'tbeabletorideabikeifIhadlostheart.Lookingback,IfeelIwouldn'tbeabletorideabikehadIlostheart.②.IfIweretwoyearsyounger,Iwoulddosomething.WereItwoyearsyounger,Iwoulddosomething.以副词there,here,away,down,off,in,out等副词或者intheroom,onthewall等介词短语为首时，后面的主语为名词时，需要用全倒装；主语若为人称代词，则不用倒装。.Herearesomerelevantdetailsaboutit.（2018年全国二卷书面表达）.ThedooropenedandincameMr.Wang..Infrontoftheschoolstandsthehospital.三．委婉动听的虚拟语气在书面表达中，运用高阶语法虚拟语气需要注意表达的准确性。如果表达不太真实的条件或者表达要求、愿望、强调论述观点的客观性时，考生可以借助虚拟语气，使书面表达更为精彩。陈述语气变虚拟语气：.Ididn'ttakehisadvice,soIfailedintheexam.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Iwouldn'thavefailedintheexam..It'stimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.It'stimethatwetookmeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.写作中常见的虚拟语气句式：If虚拟语气，与过去、现在、将来相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeawalkintheeveningwithmyfriends.（2014安徽高考书面表达）・・・wish・・・would/haddone/were/did・・・希望/但愿Iwishtherewouldn'tbetoomanystudentsinaclass.・asif/asthough・与过去现在相反，表示“好像”Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdeduponmymindasiftheyhadjusthappened.IfonlyIcould/did/haddone・我要是・・就好了IfonlyIcouldgobackandresetmygoals.（2015重庆高考书面表达）It's（high/about）time（that）・did/shoulddo・是时候・・It'shightimethatbothchildrenandparentstookactiontomakesomechanges.shouldhavedone本应该做；shouldn'thavedone本不应该做Ishouldn'thaveleftTom.（2016浙江高考书面表达）suggest,propose,order,advise,insist,demand等宾语从句中的虚拟语气（should）do・・・TomasterMandarin,IstronglysuggestyoupracticewithChinesepeople.（2015四川高考书面表达）without/butfor/butthat・含蓄型虚拟语气，表“要不是・・”Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.备考技巧2提升训练一．句子综合训练。根据要求完成下列句子。Ididn'trealizethemistakeuntilIgrowup.（用强调句强调状语）Thechildrencangrowuptobementallyandphysicallyhealthyonlyinthisway.（倒装句）Thatwelovepeaceisknowntoall.（变为it引导的形式主语）Thoughourcountryisrich,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory（.将从句倒装）Youshouldtrytofindabetterway.Thenyouwillmakegreaterprogress.改为祈使句）Weshouldtakesomemeasures.Thatisnecessary.改为Itis+adj....结构）Iwasbusyworking.Atthattime,myunclecame.（用when连接两个分句）Justwhentheperformanceswasover,weleftthetheatre.（用themoment连接两个分句）Yourperformancewaswonderful.Iwasdeeplyimpressed.（用so...that...连接句子）Thetechnologyisdevelopingquickly.Wecanlivelongerinthefuture.（用with结构连接句子）Hewonthegame.Wewereverysurprised.（用what引导的主语从句）Hedidn'trealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesuntilhefailedintheexam.（用倒装句）13.1haven'ttime,soIwillnotattendyourparty.（用if虚拟语气改写）HispoemsnotonlyhaveastronginfluenceonChineseliterature,butalsotheyhavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.（notonly放句首倒装）Wereallylookforwardtoyourparticipationbecauseit'sagoodchanceforyoutolearnthenaturalknowledgeofChina.（强调状语）Wespendthetimeandenergyonthepresentthatmakesitvaluableratherthanthemoneywepay.（强调宾语）LookattheterriblesituationI'min.Ididn'ttakeyouradvice.（用shouldhave虚拟语气改写）ItwaspitythatIdidn'tfollowyouradvice.（用ifonly虚拟语气改写）Agroupofyoungmenrushedout,stilldiscussingtheperformancewithgreatenthusiasm.（用倒装句改写）Youaresokindandconsideratethatwehopetobefriendswithyouwhereveryouare.（用倒装句改写）题目一【答案】ItwasnotuntilIgrowupthatIrealizedthemistake．Onlyinthiswaycanthechildrengrowuptobementallyandphysicallyhealthy.Itisknowntoallthatwelovepeace.Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.Trytofindabetterwayandyouwillmakegreaterprogress.Itisnecessarythatweshouldtakesomemeasures.Iwasbusyworkingwhenmyunclecame.Weleftthetheatrethemomenttheperformanceswasover.YourperformancewassowonderfulthatIwasdeeplyimpressed.Withthetechnologydevelopingquickly,wecanlivelongerinthefuture.Whatsurprisedussomuchwasthathewonthegame.Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendyourparty.NotonlydohispoemshaveastronginfluenceonChineseliterature,butalsotheyhavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.Itisbecauseit'sagoodchanceforyoutolearnthenaturalknowledgeofChinathatwereallylookforwardtoyourparticipationItisthetimeandenergywespendonthepresentthatmakesitvaluableratherthanthemoneywepay.LookattheterriblesituationI'min.Ishouldhavetakenyouradvice.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice.Outrushedagroupofyoungmen,stilldiscussingtheperformancewithgreatenthusiasm.Sokindandconsiderateareyouthatwehopetobefriendswithyouwhereveryouare.二．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。请尽量使用各种句式技巧。StevewasthemostamazingpersoninallofMinneapolis,andhewasmycousin.Bytheageof19,StevewasastarbaseballplayerattheUniversityofMinnesota.Iwantedtobeexactlylikehim.SowhenSteveaskedmetogowithhimonaspringfishingtripinnorthernMinnesota,Iwasexcited!Afterplanningthetrip,wegatheredclothesandsupplies,andbeganourgreatadventure.WereachedtheSuperiorNationalForestinnorthernMinnesotabyearlyevening.Onourwaytothecampsite,Stevepointedtoasmallhousefarawayinoneofthemountains,sayingthatitwastherangerstation（护林站）wheretheforesterworked.Finally,afteralongwalk,wereachedthecampsiteandsetupthecampasthesunwassetting.Steveknewallthetricksofanexperiencedwildernesscamper.Afterwegatheredenoughwoodfromtheforest,hestartedthecampfireusingonlystoneandsteel—noParagraph2:Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.Paragraph2:Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.-driedbeef,wildriceandpeasoup.Iategreedilymatches.Forsupperwefeastedonfreezeafterallthatwork.-driedbeef,wildriceandpeasoup.IategreedilyTiredenough,weclimbedintooursleepingbagsearlyandtalkedaboutourplansforfishingthenextday.Wewerestilltalkingquietlywhenasuddennorthwindpickedup;thetemperaturedroppedanditbegantosnow.Stevefoundawaytoincreasethetemperatureinsidethetent.Hedraggedalog（原木）fromtheforesttotheoppositesideofthecampfire.Thenhewrappedaluminumfoil（铝箔）aroundthelog.Theheatfromthefirereflectedoffthefoilandintothetent.Soonimagesoflakefishwerefillingmydreams.Thesnowhadstopped,butsometimelaterapowerfulwindmusthavekickeduptheflamesofourdyingfire.IwasabruptlyawakenedbySteve.Ourtentwasonfire.Frightened,Iranoutofthetentimmediately.ThetentcollapsedwithSteveinside.Withoutanythoughtofendangeringmyself,Ireachedintotheburningtentandpulledhimtotheicylake.Fortunately,wewerenotseriouslyhurt.注意:所续写短文的词数应为150左右；至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph1:Later,aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm,weconsideredourdifficultsituation.题目二【答案】Onepossibleversion:Later,aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm,weconsideredourdifficultsituation.Ourcampsitewasinthedeepoftheforest,reallyfarawayfromthehighway.Wewereinthemiddleofnowhere,wearingonlyunderwear,withoursuppliesburntintoashes,includingourcellphones.EvenStevewasunsurewhattodonext.Theonlythingwecoulddowasjustsittinginthecoldairandwonderinghowtogetoutoftheforest.Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.Anxiouslywelistenedandstaredintothedarkness.Ajeepappeared.Aforesterhadspottedthelightfromthefireandhadcometohaveacheck.IntothewarmvehiclejumpedSteveandsodidI.Thentheforesterdroveustotherangerstation,whereweweregivenclothesandwereabletocallourparents.SteveandIhadmanymorecampingadventuresfromthenon,butitwasonthistripthatStevebegantotreatmemorelikeafriendandequal,ratherthanayoungercousin.Ourfriendshiphascontinuedtothisday.丰富写作细节的技巧手段近几年随着高考新写作概写和续写的引入，书面表达的开放性也越来越大。如果只是做一些简单机械的翻译或者忙乱无章地套用模版，不仅字数可能不够，而且会让文章读起来空洞生硬。因此考生平时在训练书面表达时，需要积累写作材料，学会在逻辑合理的情况下适当地充实细节内容。一篇优秀的书面表达，不仅要做到把话写清楚说明白、把意思清晰完整地表达、注意行文之间的连贯和过渡外，还要用之前章节所讲的内容技巧对文章进行润色和加工，这样就会展现考生良好的遣词造句的能力。以下是常见的几种丰富语言细节的方法：（一）.追加成分,丰满文句

要点基础上是当地增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语、状语、非谓语、独立主格等结构。这些可以帮助考生更清晰、准确地表达主题。这里列举例子一二。具体写作技巧的运用请详见本专题的前几期学案。以下的例子学生们可以先自己尝试丰富细节，再看参考答案。1.添加修饰例1：Iwilltakepartinsomesocialactivities.—>Ifpossible,IwilltakepartinsomesocialactivitiessothatIcangetmorefamiliarwiththesociety.（添加状语从句）例2：IsuggestthattheteachershouldchoosemoreEnglishfilms.TAsayoungstudent,IsuggestthattheteachershouldpickoutmoreEnglishfilmsthatappealtousteenagers,thusmakingEnglishlearningmoreamusing.（添加定语从句和非谓语动词）例3ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyou.（2018北京高考书面表达）TItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyou,whereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandabundantculture.（添加定语从句）例4：Undoubtedly,it'seasyformetocommunicatewithforeigners.（2018浙江咼考书面表达）TThereisnodoubtthatthereisnotanyproblemformetocommunicatewithforeigners.（添力口同位语从句）2.变换句式例1：Thequalityoflifehasimprovedandweregardedwatchingfilmsasagoodmeansofentertainment.（2017江办咼考书面表达）TThequalityoflifehasimprovedandweregardedwatchingfilmsasagoodmeansofentertainment.（主动变被动）例2：Accordingtotheschool,alargenumberofpaper-cuttingworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow.（2017全国二卷书面表达）—TIt'ssaidthatalargenumberofpaper-cuttingworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow.（it作形式主语）例3:ThemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselvescamenext.（2018北京咼考书面表达）—TNextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.（倒装句）例4：I'velearnedhowtobalancestudywithlifewiththehelpofmyteachers.—TIt'swiththehelpofmyteachersthatI'velearnedhowtobalancestudywithlife.（强调句）（二）.补加语句，充实内容根据行文走向，是当地增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既能起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助内容的消化。列举具体的事例来补充说明例1：Ilikesportsverymuch.tIamkeenonsports,suchasbasketballandfootball.例2：Weteenagersshouldtrytoprotecttheenvironmentandsavetheearth.tWeteenagersshouldtrytoprotecttheenvironmentandsavetheearth.Forexample,wecanuserecyclablebagsinsteadofplasticones,refusedisposableproducts,plantmoretreesandsavewaterandenergy.添加与所给信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写和写作背景等内容例1：Aftersupper,themanwenttohisbedroom.tAfterarichmeal,thefatmanslowlymadehiswaytohisbedroom.（神态、动作）例2：Iwentswimmingintheriverwestofthevillagenowandthen.tIwentswimmingintheriverwestofthevillagenowandthen.Thewaterintheriverwasverycrystalclear.（背景渲染）例3：Ifoundsomebadbehavior.tIwasquitedisappointedtofindsomedisgustingbehavior.（心理）结尾发挥，表达你的感受、评价、愿望、倡议等。例1：WhileIstoodallthewayhome,IfeltverycontentwithwhatIdid.例2：Frommyperspective,suchactivitiesarenecessaryandrewarding.例3：Additionally,ifshe'dliketolearnChinese,Iwillbemorethandelightedtogiveherassistance.例4：Witheveryone'scontributions,wecanturnourschoolintoacomfor