人教版初中英语语法-被动语态

中考语法精讲——被动语态

我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被…苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。谓语speak的动作是由主语we执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。两种语态Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语谓语宾语被动语态主语English是谓语动词speak所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.我们每天打扫教室。

主动语态Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们的教室每天被打扫。

被动语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。二、被动语态的基本构成：

be+动词的过去分词（be+done)be随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化

1）.一般现在时

am/is/are+done

Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.

2）.一般过去时

was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3）.一般将来时

shall/will/begoingto+bedone

Theywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4）.现在完成时

has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.

5）.含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should+bedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.三、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。Thewindoewasbrokenlastnight.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.每年都应该种更多的树。2.强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.3.动作不是由人发出的。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by主动语态被动语态

1.Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

2.He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

Be要随着主语变逻辑主语by来引Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Exercise:WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.

Exercise:He

boughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.主动语态变被动语态的方法

（主语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者（主语）（宾语）说明：（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态中，使役动词（make,let,have）,感官动词（see,hear,watch,feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to.Isawhimopenthedoorjustnow.刚才我看见他进屋了（主动语态）Hewasseentoopenthedoorjustnow.补充部分2.主动结构表被动意义①open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.②cost,fit,agreewith(气候，食物等适合于）使用主动表被动。Thebookcostsmetwentyyuan.3.系动词没有被动形式look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone

例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.

我的自行车需要修理。

happen,takeplace,breakout,have,belongto.课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．arenotkept；willhaveto

B．arenotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentold

B．I'vetold

C．I'mtold

D．Itold

ACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted

B.completes

C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cut

B.arecut

C.arebeingcut

D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.wasbroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcosted

B.costedC.iscostedD.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuilt

B.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuilt

D.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethecloth?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeeling

B.felt

C.feels

D.isfelt

BDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A．write

B．towrite

C．tobewritten

D．written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A．totype

B．typing

C．tobetyped

D．typed

14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.

A.won’twashout

B.won’tbewashedout

C.isn’twashedout

D.isn’twashingout

15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.

A.beputup

B.givein

C.beturn