《物流专业英语》PPTUnitLogisticsDecisionMaking

Discussion1）Whatisthedefinitionofasupplychain?

2）Whataspectsdoesasupplychaininclude？3）Whatistheroleoflogisticsinthesupplychain?

4）WhatisSCMconcernedwith?

5）WhatisthetaskofSCM?6）Inyouropinion,whyisSCMimportant?7)WhataretheobjectivesofSCM?单词学习petitorn.hierarchicalstructure等级结构hierarchyn.等级制度，阶层，层次flatstructure扁平结构executiveadj.n.executev.seniorjunioradministrativea.行政的，管理的administrationn.管理，经营administratorn.管理人，行政官员单词学习advancedadj.高级的，先进的advancingadj.前进的，向前推进的developedadj.发达的developinga.发展中的schedulingn.行程安排schedulen.计划，日程表techniquen.方法，技巧technicala.技术的extendv.extendeda.延长的，扩大的extensiveadj.广泛的

Module1Unit6

Logisticsdecision-making

物流决策Decision-making决策决策，就是为了实现一定的目标，提出解决问题和实现目标的各种可行方案，依据评定准则和标准，在多种备选方案中，选择一个方案进行分析、判断并付诸实施的管理过程。决策无处不在！（个人决策、企业决策、政府决策……)Text课文讲解Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondto

thechangingcircumstancesandthereby

gainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.在一个自由市场里，现代组织需要成为一个反应敏捷的组织，能够作出快速的决定，以便能对不断变化中的情况作出反应，并因此而超过其竞争对手的优势。Agility灵敏度Agilityimpliestheabilitytomovequicklyandtomeetcustomer’sdemandsooner.Inafast-changingmarketplaceagilityisactuallymoreimportantthanlong-termstrategyinatraditionalbusinessplanningsense.灵敏度意味着加快动作的速度，更快地满足客户需求。在快速变化的市场中，灵敏度其实比传统商业规划中的长期战略更加重要。Organizationstructure组织结构传统等级结构高级执行层中高级管理层低级管理层行政层/运营层职能部门Foranumberofyears,therehasbeenatendencyforanorganizationto‘delayer’andcreatewhatisknownasa‘flatstructure’.Thismeansthatsomelayersofmanagementappearinginthetraditionalorganizationstructurehavebeenremoved.许多年来，有一种在机构内‘减少层次’、并创立一个人们所熟悉的‘扁平结构’的倾向。这就意味着在传统组织结构中的某些管理层次已经被消除。扁平管理结构减少管理层次高级执行层管理层行政层/运营层部门/业务单位铁道部铁路企业的扁平化

集团公司（铁路局）总公司站、段铁道部集团公司站、段

弗里德曼先生以它独特的视角讲述了世界正在变平的过程。他在书中援引了很多热点话题，介绍了诸多令人瞩目的市场和炙手可热的行业。开放源代码、外包、离岸生产、供应链和搜索技术等被描述成为铲平世界的10大动力，而中国、印度等国家和一些站在全球顶尖位置的公司和机构，则被描述成变平的世界中举足轻重的角色。书中写到的许多现象新鲜但不陌生，更有一些是我们工作中接触过甚至直接参与的商业行为。ThestrategicaimThisisthehighestlevelstatementabout

whattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.ItwillusuallybedraftedbytheBoardandwillbeinthemostgeneralforms.战略目标这是关于单位领导希望达到的最高水平的陈述。它将由董事会来起草并将以最通用的形式出现。ThemissionstatementThenextleveldowninvolvesthedevelopmentofmissionstatements.Whiletherecanbeonlyonestrategicaim,therecanbemanymissionstatementswithinanorganizationatavarietyoflevels.Amissionstatementalwaysgivesaclearindicationofwhatistobedone.

岗位职责（使命陈述）接下来的一个层次涉及到岗位职责的制订。岗位职责可以有许多个，而战略目标却只能有一个。岗位职责总是清楚地指出该做的事情。ThetaskstobecarriedoutThetasksprovidethedetailofhowthemissionistobeachieved.待执行的任务各项任务提供了如何完成使命的细节。Thestrategicaimandmissiondonotnecessarilyremainthesameforever.Newaimsandmissionscanbeintroducedtocoverspecificrequirements.Inthediagrambelow,theBoardhaveconceivedanaimtoraisethecompany’sprofileandfromthatdecisionflowaseriesofmissionsandtasks.战略目的和使命不一定永远维持不变。可以引入新目的和使命来覆盖具体的要求。在下图中，董事会提出了一个可以提升公司档次的目标，从这个决定里，派生出一系列的使命和任务。StrategicAimTobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorwithin5yearsManagingDirector’sMissionincreaseturnoverby20%reducecostsby30%within5yearsinordertobeamongthetop10performingcompaniesinthesectorTransportDeptMissionReducetransportcostsby20%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%WarehouseDeptMissionReduceinventoryby10%inordertoreduceoverallcostby30%SalesDeptMissionIncreasesalesby20%战略目标在五年内成为业内10佳绩优公司执行董事使命增加营业额达20%五年内降低成本达30%以便成为业内10佳绩优公司运输部门使命

降低运输成本达20%以便降低总成本达30%仓库部门使命

降低库存成本达10%以便降低总成本达30%销售部门使命

增加销售量达20%TrafficOfficeMissionReducedeadmilesby10%inordertoreducetransportcostby20%MaintenanceDeptMissionReducevehicledowntimeby20%inordertoreducetransportcostby30%TasksImplementadvancedroutingandschedulingtechniques.TasksOperateextendedworkinghours.交通办使命降低无效里程（空驶里程）达10%以便降低运输成本达20%维护部门使命降低车辆停歇时间达20%以便降低运输成本20%任务实施先进的线路和行程安排技巧任务实行延时工作制3.Keytotheexercises练习答案

1.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1)Whydoesamodernorganizationneedtobeanagileone?Themodernorganizationinafreemarketplaceneedstobeanagileone,abletomakerapiddecisions,inordertorespondtothechangingcircumstancesandtherebygainanadvantageoveritscompetitors.2)Canyoudescribethedifferencebetweenatraditionalhierarchicalstructureandaflatstructure?Atraditionalhierarchicalstructurefocusesonverticalcontrolfromthetop.Acompanywithsuchastructureismoreorlesslikeagovernmentdepartmentfeaturingrigidrulesandregulations.Andthebosshasthefinalsayforeveryvitalissuewithlessparticipationbytheemployees.Whereasaflatstructurefocusesonperformanceandacompanywithsuchstructureisusuallytarget-orientedwithaviestounleashthecreativityofitsemployees.3)Howdoyouunderstandtheword‘delayer’?Whenusedinacompanystructure,theword“delayer”usuallymeanstoremovetheunnecessaryorinefficientdepartmentsatcertainlevelsinordertomakethecompanymoreproductiveandcompetitive.4)Whatisastrategicaimandinwhatwaysisitimportantforacompany’sdevelopment?Thisisthehighestlevelstatementaboutwhattheorganization’sleaderswishtoachieve.Itisimportantbecauseitisaguidelineforthecompany’slong-termdevelopment.5)WhatisthedifferencebetweentheBoardandthemanagement?TheBoard,knownastheBoardofDirectors,iscomposedofdirectorswhoownthecompany’sshares,wherethemanagementisagroupofpeopleappointedbytheBoardtomanagethecompanyandtoexecuteinstructionsfromtheBoard.Itispossiblethatadirectorisalsoamemberofthemanagement.

2.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese:functionaldepartmentslowermanagementsenior/middlemanagementtraditionalhierarchicalstructuregainanadvantageoverthechangingcircumstancesanagileorganizationdecision-making职能部门下层管理部门中高层管理部门传统等级型结构取得对…的优势变化中的环境快速灵活的机构决策

3.PutthefollowingwordsorphrasesintoEnglish:战略目标董事会使命陈述减少层次构想一个目标提升公司形象业内前十位绩优公司提高营业额达20%降低30%成本线路管理和日程管理库存总量销售量strategicgoaltheboardofdirectorsmissionstatementtodelayertoc