LED基本原理及历史发展

bpi周鍊choulien

LEDPrincipalandHistorybrandstonpartnershipinc.

lightingdesign

LEDPrincipalandHistory

Content Introduction

HowLEDworks,

WhatisaDiode?

HowcanadiodeproduceLight?

Visiblelight-emittingdiodes(VLED)

Whatshouldwedonext?

Interaction/Q&A

SSL半導體照明SolidStateLighting用半導體技術製作的光源LEDLightingEmittingDiodeOLEDOrganicLightingDiodeLEDHistoryFirstLowpowerBlue&WhiteHighPower50年前人们已经了解半导体材料可产生光线的基本知识，应用半导体PN结发光源原理制成LED问世于20世纪60年代初

1962通用电气公司的尼克•何伦亚克（NickHolonyakJr.）

开发出第一种实际应用的可见光发光二极管

1964年首先出现红色发光二极管，之后出现黄色LED。

直到1994年，蓝色、绿色LED才研制成功。

1996年由日本Nichia（日亚）成功开发出白色LED

LED发展历史经历了哪些过程

但由于其亮度差、价格昂贵等条件的限制，无法作为通用光源推广应用。

近年来，LED制造不断进步和新材料（氮化物晶体和荧光粉）的开发和应用，

各种颜色的超高亮度LED取得了突破性进展，其发光效率提高了近1000倍，

色度方面已实现了可见光波段的所有颜色，

其中最重要的是超高亮度白光LED的出现，使LED应用领域跨越至高效率照明光源市场成为可能。

高亮度LED将是人类继爱迪生发明白炽灯泡后，最伟大的发明之一。

LED发展历史经历了哪些过程

LEDhistory/new/content/controllers.php

最初LED用作仪器仪表的指示光源,than指示灯、信号灯、显示屏、景观照明等领域，

日常生活中处处可见，家用电器、电话机、仪表板照明、汽车防雾灯、交通信号灯等。

Introduction

ItisnowonthewaytobecomethelightsourceforthegenerallightingintheArchitecturalworld

Introduction

Lightemittingdiodes,commonlycalledLEDs,arerealunsungheroesintheelectronicsworld.Theydodozensofdifferentjobsandarefoundinallkindsofdevices.

Basically,LEDsarejusttinylightbulbsthatfiteasilyintoanelectricalcircuit.

Butunlikeordinaryincandescentlamps

theydon'thaveafilamentthatwillburnout,andtheydon'tgetespeciallyhot.

Theyareilluminatedsolelybythemovementofelectronsinasemiconductormaterial,andtheylastjustaslongasastandardtransistor.

HowLEDworks

WhatisLED?

Whatisadiode?LEDChip(晶粒,晶片)LensCathodeAnodeReflector－＋WindowlayerInGaAlPactivelayerBraggreflectorGaAs-SubstrateCathodeAnode

低電壓驅動不同顏色壽命衰減不同已具備配光設計熱,燙貴

Vfvs.IfIfvs.TaFluxvs.IfRadiationPattern備註：【1】NGL：美國次世代照明計畫

【2】OIDA：北美光電產業發展協會

【3】21世紀照明要求2007年取代白熾燈,2005年發光效率可達80Lm/w,2010年發光效率可達120Lm/w,

2002

20072012

2020

NGL

OIDA

NGLOIDANGL

OIDA

NGL

OIDA

發光效率(Lm/w)

25

30

50

75

150

150

200

200

成本(＄/KLm)

500

100

50

10

＜15

5

＜5

2

壽命(KHrs)

＞1

20

10

20＞10

100

＞10

100

演色性

60

75

80

80＞80

85

＞80

85

光輸出(Lm/Lamp)

20

2001000

1500

N/AN/AN/AN/A比較項目效率高（紅色﹑黃色）元件壽命長堅固﹑耐濕﹑耐震體積小色彩純正（單色波長）

LEDhistory

HowLEDHowLightEmittingDiodesWork

1、按发光管发光颜色分

2．按发光管出光面特征分

3．按发光二极管的结构分

4．按发光强度和工作电流分

LED分类

LED工艺流程图

1、

产品封装结构类型

2．引脚式封装

3．表面贴装封装

4．功率型封装

LED封装

晶片，什么是led晶片?

Control

ControlLEDdriverintegratesanalog,PWMdimmingcontrol/

Control

Theelectricenergyisproportionaltothevoltageneededtocauseelectronstoflowacrossthep-njunction.

ThedifferentcoloredLED'semitpredominantlylightofasinglecolor.Theenergy(E)ofthelightemittedbyanLEDisrelatedtotheelectriccharge(q)ofanelectronandthevoltage(V)requiredtolighttheLEDbytheexpression:E=qVJoules.

Thisexpressionsimplysaysthatthevoltageisproportionaltotheelectricenergy,andisageneralstatementwhichappliestoanycircuit,aswellastoLED's.Theconstantqistheelectricchargeofasingleelectron,-1.6x10-19Coulomb.

HowMuchEnergyDoesanLEDEmit?

SupposeyoumeasuredthevoltageacrosstheleadsofanLED,andyouwishedtofindthecorrespondingenergyrequiredtolighttheLED.LetussaythatyouhavearedLED,andthevoltagemeasuredbetweentheleadsofis1.71Volts.SotheEnergyrequiredtolighttheLEDisE=qVorE=-1.6x10-19(1.71)Joule,sinceaCoulomb-VoltisaJoule.MultiplicationofthesenumbersthengivesE=2.74x10-19Joule.

FindingtheEnergyfromtheVoltage

SupposeyoumeasuredthevoltageacrosstheleadsofanLED,andyouwishedtofindthecorrespondingenergyrequiredtolighttheLED.LetussaythatyouhavearedLED,andthevoltagemeasuredbetweentheleadsofis1.71Volts.SotheEnergyrequiredtolighttheLEDisE=qVorE=-1.6x10-19(1.71)Joule,sinceaCoulomb-VoltisaJoule.MultiplicationofthesenumbersthengivesE=2.74x10-19Joule.

FindingtheFrequencyfromtheWavelengthofLight

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LED

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LEDLightBulbs

E2725WattHighPowerLEDBulb

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

PAR3870to100WattHighPowerLEDBulb

QLE27-1W12-DLSpotlight.Standardhouseholdormediumbasescrew-inLEDbulb.TheQLE27-1W12-DLisanopenfacealuminumbasedbulbandproducesacleanwhitelightwithnoshadows,rings,blotchesorothercoloration.TheQLE27-1W12-DLcanbeusedanywhereintheworldwithitsdualvoltage85-265vaccircuitry.Indooruse.

LED:12x1WattEdisonOpto-30degreeviewangleorwidthVoltage:85-265vacLumen:720lumenLux:110,000luxLightOutput:Estimatedat75WattsBeamWidth:30degreesColorTemp:5500Kelvin-DaylightWhitePowerConsumption:12.0watts-350mAOperatingTemperature:62°CDimensions:4.8inchDx5.52inchHCertification:

CEApprovedTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

QLE27-3W7-DLFloodlight.Standardhouseholdormediumbasescrew-inLEDbulb.TheQLE27-3W7-DLisanopenfacealuminumbasedbulbandproducesacleanwhitelightwithnoshadows,rings,blotchesorothercoloration.TheQLE27-3W7-DLcanbeusedanywhereintheworldwithitsdualvoltage85-265vaccircuitry.Indooruse.

LED:7x3WattEdisonOpto-60degreeviewangleorwidthVoltage:85-265vacLumen:700lumenLux:110,000luxLightOutput:Estimatedat90WattsBeamWidth:60degreesColorTemp:5500Kelvin-DaylightWhitePowerConsumption:21.0watts-700mAOperatingTemperature:62°CDimensions:4.8inchDx5.52inchHCertification:

CEApprovedTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

TheEdisonPAR30Lisa4stagedimmableLEDbulb.Itcanbeactivatedwitheitherstandardtoggletypeon/offswitches,orwithslidingorrotarydimmers.TheTheEdisonPAR30Lcanbeusedanywhereintheworldwithitsdualvoltage100-240vaccircuitry.Indoororprotectedoutdooruseonly.Dimability:25%-50%-75%-100%Operatesbestwithstandardtoggleswitch.Whenusedwitharotaryorslidedimmerinline,flickeringwillsometimesoccur.Pleaseuseastandardtoggleswitchforbestperformance.LED:6each1.5WattEdisonOptoLEDsVoltage:100-240vacLumen:450lumenwith40degreelensLux:1650lux@6000kwith40degreelensLightOutput:Estimatedat70WattsCRI:Upto90BeamWidth:40degreesColorTemp:6000Kelvin-DaylightWhitePowerConsumption:10.0wattsLifeExpectancy:40,000+hoursDimensions:3.75inchDx5.0inchtallCertification:

CEApprovedTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LinearLEDModule

HighPowerLEDLightFixture

TheLinearLEDModulewithsmdLEDsistrulya"PlugN'Play"LEDlightingfixture.Itisdesignedtobeinstalledata45degreeangletoprojecttheLEDlightforwardanddownontothecountertop,orfacingontoawallanduptotheceilingforcovelighting.TheLinearLEDModulecanalsobeinstalledvericallyfacingdownorupfordisplaycases.TheflexibilityofinstallationandapplicationsisduetothedesignoftheplasticmountingclipandthetriangularshapeoftheLinearLEDModuleframe.

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

WPBAR1MDLWaterproofRigidLEDBar,FullMeterLength

6000KelvinColorTemp.,White

$64.80eachandless.TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LinearDisplayLEDLight

HighPowerLEDLightFixturePhysicalandElectricalproperties:

Dimensions:1250mm/49.25inchesx30.1mm/1.19inchx22.85mm/.90inchMaterials:Aluminumextrusionwithblackplasticendcaps.AcrylicLensPackageContents:

LightSource:241wattNichiaHighPowerSMDLEDLEDViewAngle:120degreePowerConsumption:28watts-1.67ampsIlluminance:1320lumen@5500KforDaylightWhiteIlluminance:1080lumen@3300KforWarmWhiteOpticalPerformance:76CRI-DaylightWhiteOpticalPerformance:73CRI-WarmWhiteLightOutput:165wattsDaylightWhite-135wattsWarmWhiteCurrentRegulation:ConstantCurrentDriveronboardOperatingVoltage:24VoltOperatingTemperature:-20°Cto40°C-IndoorsWarranty:2yearwithproperinstallationandpowersupplyTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

Theslim,elegantyetsimplydesignedLibrausesthenewhighpoweredNichiaEmitterswith120degreelightspreadtocoveranaveragedeskwithclearbrightlight.Thebasecontainstheon/offsoft-touchswitchwhichallowsdimmingofthelight.

OperatingVoltage:24voltdc,adapterincludedLEDs:18pieces.5watt(1/2watt)NichiaPowerConsumption:12wattsLumen:280lumenIlluminance:1300luxLightOutput:50wattsSwitch:SoftTouchOn/Offwithdimmer;withmultifunctionsAdjustability:Armswings190degreestolightupaceilingOverallLength:15.5inches;backofbasetofronttipofthelightheadOverallHeight:14.58inchesWarranty:Twoyearfromdateofpurchase.Material:CastsilvercoatedaluminumWeight:2lbs,7ouncesAdapter:included;90-240vacdualvoltage;CEandUL

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LEDLightingFixtures

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

Specificationsare:

LightSource:18highbrightWhiteandcoloredLEDsLumen:40lumenwhite;colorsestimatedat30lumenLightOutput:estimatedat15wattsPowerConsumption:180mA-1.3wattsperPolarisFixtureLens:ClearDimensions:85mm/3.4inchesLwithadiameterof55mm/2.2inches.PowerCord:36"powercordHousing:Rust-Proof316StainlessSteel.Warranty:1YearPro-Ratedifadimmerisalsopurchased!ULCertifiedNotDimmable

PolarisWhiteLED

$79.00eachandless

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

WallPackLights

DatafortheWallPack150-12-4X,ourstandardunit.

10.5-14.8VoltsDC@530ma

Constantlightoutputdriverwithintheratedvoltage

180°outputfloodstyle

1,100FC,11,811luxatlens

650luxat8"fromglass=50Wattlamp

6500Klightcolortemperature-truewhi