高考英语语法专项讲义：定语从句难点精讲

高考英语语法专项讲义：定语从句难点精讲简明概述：定语从句在句中充当定语的角色，修饰句中前面所提到的名/代词。被修饰的名/代词称为先行词。关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that）：注：没有what关系代词所代替的主要是人或物的名/代词，在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。who,whom,that

都可代替人例句：Is

theboy

who/that

cheatedintheexamination?(who/that作为从句主语，代替theboy)Heis

theman

whom/that

wewon’trecruitduetohiscriminalrecords.(who/that作为从句宾语，代替theman)whose可指代人或物注：如果whose指物的话，也可以用ofwhich来代替。例句：Ourconversationwasstoppedby

aman

whose

hairisblonde.Ilenthim

thisbook

whose

pagescurledupduetomyconstantuse.=Ilenthim

thisbook

thepagesofwhich

curledupduetomyconstantuse.which,that代替事物例句：We’llneverforget

the

atrociousviolence

which/that

was

committedby

Japanesesoldiers.Is

thatfashionshow

(which/that)youweretalkingaboutjustnow?（作宾语时可省）关系副词（when,where,why）：关系副词分别代替的先行词为时间、地点和原因，在从句中充当状语的角色。注：when,where,why也可用“介词+which”来代替。例句：Thiswas

themoment

when/atwhich

thetwosidesreachedadeadlockagain

and

terminated

their

negotiation.Xi’an

isoneofthemostfamousculturalcities

where/inwhich

millionsofworldwidetouristswillchoosetomakeatour.Isthis

thereason

why/forwhich

thereisasevereshortageoffundsforour

research?注：that

是可以代替关系副词的，即that可取代“when,where,why”和“介词+which”的形式。（在口语中that可省略）注：介词后面的关系词不能省略，而且that前不能有介词例句转换：Thiswas

themoment

that

thetwosidesreachedadeadlockagain

and

terminated

their

negotiation.Xi’an

isoneofthemostfamousculturalcities

that

millionsofworldwidetouristswillchoosetomakeatour.Isthis

thereason

that

thereisasevereshortageoffundsforour

research?限制性/非限制性定语从句重点概括整理：限制性定语从句先行词是不能省略的，因为省了先行词的话，句子的意思就会变得不完整和不明确，缺少必要的说明解释。而非限制性定语从句是先行词的额外说明，是可以省略的，省了也不会影响句子的意思和整体性，并且与主句之间常用“，”隔开。比较例句：Thisis

thebook

(which/that)

I

boughtyesterday.（限制性）Thisbook,

I

boughtyesterday,isveryinspiring.（非限制性）通常是非限制性定语从句的情况分析：StevenSpielberg,(whom)

I

admireverymuchinHollywoodmovie-makingfield,won

another

OscarAwardthisyear.（专有名词/人名）My

beloveddog,(which)

I

bought5yearsago,hascaughtabadcoldrecently.（有物主代词的时候）This

experiment,whichwasconductedlastweekends,provestobeabigsuccess.（有指示代词的时候）Herchildwasalwaysabsent-mindedinlearning

and

failedinexams,

which

madeher

disappointed

onceagain.（由which代替整句主句）关系代词that的特殊用法总结（只能用that的情况）：先行词既包含人又包含物，只用that，不用which例句：Thevolunteersweretalkingabout

thenonprofitorganizationanditsstaff

that

made

anindelibleimpression

onthem.当不定代词作为先行词（如anyone，anything，nothing，any，everything，something，little，few，much，all等），只用that，不用which例句：Heshared

everything

withus

that

arousedhisinterestinchemistryatschool.先行词用theonly/very修饰时，只用that，不用which例句：Thegirlis

theonly

student

that

willblushwithshynesswhentalkingwithboys.先行词是序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that，不用which例句：The

first

English

award

that

I

won

was

an

English

debatecompetitionheldby

ForeignLanguagesInstitute

atmyuniversity.This

was

the

busiest