初中英语动词不定式及练习题

初中英语动词不定式用法动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构?有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语?表语?宾语?定语?补语?状语或单独使用?不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语?状语等?动词不定式和它后面的宾语?状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语？一?用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语一一动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时?动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式?带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末?如：.Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwiththeseproblems..Theheadteachersaiditwasnecessarytotalkwithhismother..HowtolearnEnglishwellisimportant..Toseeistobelieve.（眼见为实；百闻不如一见）二?用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容?性质?特征?如：.ThebestwayistojoinanEnglishclub..Thefirstthingistolistentotheteachercarefully.三?用作宾语.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask,choose,agree),期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,learn),宁可假装知1道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)?如：1)Wedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygothere.2)Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.3)IdlovetovisitMexico..动词decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to?如：1)Couldyoupleasetellmewheretoparkmycar?2)Itgivesadviceonwhattodoinlotsofdifferentsituations..动词feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语 动词不定式，句子结构是...feel/find/make/...it+adj./n.+todo...?如：Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything..既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin,start,like,love等?一般说来,动词不定式表一次?数次的具体动作?将来动作或动作的全过程,ving形式表习惯性的连续动作?但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式?如：ThenIstartedtowatchTv.Iambeginningtounderstandmyparents.begin用了进行时态,后面只接不定式作宾语,表示事情刚开始,还要继续下去?Iliketoeatvegetables.感知动词like,love,know等一般不用进行时态？5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember等?后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生?stoptodo停下来做另外一件事,todo是目的状语;stopdoing停止做？不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。trytodo尽力做,trydoing试试看;goontodo接着做另外的事,goondoing继续做原来的事。如：1)WhenIlefthome,Iforgottobringitwithme.2)Istoppedusingthemlastyear.四、用作定语.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.1)Ihavesomanyclothestowashtoday.2)Ican'tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.3)Wehavenohousestolivein..动词不定式所修饰的名词是place,time,way等时,不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)Heneedstimetodohomework.)Hewantstoknowthebestwaytotravelaroundthecity..在“therebe...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象：1)There’sjustsomuchtoseeanddohere.)...buttherearestillmanythingstodothere.五、用作宾语补足语.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求允许提议(ask,allow,,advise),期望邀请鼓励(©*口05,,invite,encourage),教导告诉想要(teach,tell,want),等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如:1)Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes..动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看"：lookat,observe,see,watch,三“让"：have,let,make,二“听"：hear,listento,一“感觉”：feel,一“注意"：notice。如：1)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited!2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek..help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。theycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.2)UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.六、用作状语.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1)Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.3)Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter..原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。如：Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.结果状语,多见于“too...to"，“enoughto...”结构句中。如：I'mtootiredtodoitwell.2)Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for/ofsb.todosth.”，for/of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来,。£前面的形容词是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，前面如果是名词用for。如：t’sagoodideaforparentstoallowchildrentostudyingroupsduringtheevening.2.It’swiseofhimtodoitwell.3)Isitinterestingforthebabytoplaywithapetdog?八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to。如：.用作句子的成分。1)Idon'tknowwhattotrynext.(作宾语)2)Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语).单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。1)Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?2)Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not/nevertodo...,不带to的不定式的否定式是not/neverdo...如：.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother..Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.单项选择:()1.Theteachertoldthemmakesomuchnoise.don’tnotwillnotnotto2.Mymotheroftentellsmesomanymistakes.nottomaketonotmakedon'tmakenotmake3.Tellhimthewindow.toshut(关)notnottoshuttonotshutnotshut4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.nottonottodonotdoitdonotto()5.MrsSmithwarned(警告)herdaughterafterdrinking.nevertodrivetoneverdriveneverdrivingneverdrive()6.Thedoctoraskedthepatientrichfoodaftertheoperation(手术).toeatnoteatingnotnottoeatnoteating()7.Theworkerswantustogetherwiththem.A.workworkingtoworkworked()8.Isawhimoutoftheroom.gowentC.isgoingD.goes()9.Heoftenmakeshislittlesister,crycryingcriedtocry10There'resomanykindsofnewbikesonsalethatIcanmakeupmymindtobuy.whatwhichC.howD.where()11.Hecan’tdecidetostayornot.whetherifeitherifhewill()12. Thelightintheofficeisstillon. Oh,Iforgot.turningitoffturnitofftoturnitoffturneditoff()13.Weagreedhere.metmeetingtomeetD.meet()14.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo.makefriendwithmakefriendsofmakefriendsmakefriendswith()15.Goontheotherexerciseafteryoufinishthisone.tododoingC.doesD.did()16.ShereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrockrestedrestingtorestD.rest()17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentbecausehewasafraidofhisjob.losetoloselosinglost()18.Ineedadayortwo.tothinkitovertothinkoverofthinking19.Hewastooexcited.speaktospeaknottospeakspeaking()20.I'mhungry.GetmesomethingA.eattoeateatingforeating()21. Iusuallygotherebytrain. Whynotbyboatforachangetotrygoingtryingtogototryandgotrygoing()22.Iaskedhimtomeafewminutessothatwecouldgooveralltheproblems.A.spendB.spareC.saveD.share()23.Theywon'tlethismotherhiminthatway.totreattreatedC.treatD.treats()24.I'msorryIforgotyourdictionary.Let'sborrowonefromLiMing.totaketakingtobringbringing()25.Shecouldn'tdecidewhichrestauranttohavelunchtoeattoeatateatingat()26.Don'tforgettheletter.tosendsendC.sendingD.sent()27.Thechairlooksveryold,Iwantanewone.A.sitB.tositonsatD.siton()28.Isnecessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?thisthatitwhich()29.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallow(允许)himhere.tosmokesmokingsmokesD.smoke()30.MothertoldmethewaterbeforeIdrankit.boilingboiledboiltoboil()31.Onmywayhome,Istoppedsomefood.buytobuybuyingBought初中英语动词不定式专项练习I’mgoingtolistentotheradio.Please(nottalk)anymore.Thestudents(do)theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.Thestudents(be)busynow.They(have)anEnglishexamnextMonday.Marymust(look)afterherlittlesisterbecausesheistooyoung.(he)youwaitingforabusnow?Thiscoatisverycheap.I(take)itnow.I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhe(come)back.Couldyoutellmehow.I(canget)toNo3Middleschool.Hesaidthatthenewteacher(give)thestudentsanEnglishlessonnow.I(milk)acowthreetimes.Edison'smother(teach)himherself.He(watch)TVonceaweek.Don'tspeakloudly.Thebaby(sleep).Iwon'tgooutuntil.I(finish)myhomework.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrain(arrive).Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren(read)Englishintheroom.Heaskedme(help)himwithhisEnglishthisevening.Theirworkis(clean)thestreets.Didheenjoy(work)inChina.Wewillstayathomeifit(rain)tomorrow.Bequiet!Theboy(sing)anEnglishsong.youyourhomeworkyet(start)?Who(teach)themEnglishlastterm.There(be)atelephonecallforyoujustnow.Pleasekeepeverything(clean).Peterwon'thavearestuntilhe(finish)hiswork.IwatchedTV,soI(forget)(do)myhomework.WhenI(walk)alongtheriver,Imetmyfriend,Tom.WhenMothercame,thelittlegirl(play)withacat.WhenIwasfive,I (get)toknowtheearth(move)aroundthesun.They(see)aboy(fall)intotheriverwhilethey(pass)ityesterday.(study)hardatyourlessonsand(nottalk)inclass.You(have)better(noteat)thebadfood.WhileI(do)myhomework,myparents(watch)TV.He(notfinish)(read)thebook.I(get)upveryearlythismorning.I(read)Englishnow.He(hurry)toschooleverymorning.Ourteacher(notstop)(work)untileleveno'clocklastnight.Ifhe(know)it,he(be)veryhappy.It(take)ushalfanhour(read)Englisheveryday.There(be)twomeetingstomorrowmorning.Myfather(sleep)whenI(get)upthismorning.WhenI(go)toseeTom,he(notwrite)anything.Sorry,whenyou(call)me,I(think)and(nothear)you.Mr.Green(leave)hisnotebookathomeyesterday.I(want)tobuyanewcoatnextSunday.Hisfather(read)newspaperwhenIgotthere.It(be)fiveyearssincehe(buy)themotorbike.Wefounditwasverydifficult(get)acar.Mrs.Greenhates(travel)byair.Wearetootired.let’stop(have)agoodrest.He(begin)toteachinourschoolabouttenyearsago.Sheoften(invite)metoherbirthdayparty.She(have)toleavenow.Hermumisill.Whenisitsate(cross)theroad’Mymother(bring)metovisitmyauntyesterday.Noisemakesus(feel)verybad.Jimcame(help)mewithmylessons.Everyone(laugh)atthewoman'smistakenow.MissYang(teach)inthisschoolforaboutfiveyears.It'sveryniceofyou(say)so.(be)thereafootballmatchlastweek?Whatwouldyoulike(have)forsupper?Couldyoulandmeyourbike'Mineis(break).Howlongyourfather(work)intheoffice.Doyouknowwhenhe(be)back'It'stimeforclass.Allthechildrenstopped(play)football.Doyoumindmy(trouble)you?Doyouknowhe(go)toBeijing.Willyouplease(tell)thestoryinEnglish.Didhecatchthebusor(miss)itlastnight.Mymother(work)atthisschoolsinceit(open)There(be)ashopnearmyhomeforseveralyears.Whatyoursister(do)whenyou(go)toseeheryesterday?Askhimtocallmeassoonashe(reach)Shanghai.Theoldman(lie)ontheground.Let'sgoandseewhat'sthematterwithhim.Don'tstop(have)arestbeforeyoufinishdoingyourwork.Thedog(eat)upallthefoodontheplate.Nowthereisnothingleft.LuckilyI(catch)theearlybusthismorning.Mr.Brown(do)aboutsixhoursofsporteveryweek,and(eat)alotoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.Mysonsayshe(be)adoctorwhenhe(grow)up.Youmustfinishtheworkbeforeyou(go)out.Ifyouseehimtomorrow,(give)himthisletter.Jim(sick)sinceMonday.They(stay)hereforthreedays.Shecalledtoseehowhe(be)。youever(read)LaoShe'sworkswhenyouwereatschool?Ijust(arrive)whenheleft.She(be)toAustraliathreetimesbeforeshewastwenty.IsaidI(show)himthepicturewhenIhadfinishedit.I(be)freenextSunday.I(read)anovelatthattime.He(swim)intheriverwhenitbegantorain.Whileshewasshoppingsomeone(come)tothehouse.Givemesomewater(drink).Hehasnohouse(live).Iwentthere(see)him.Hewaskindenough(excuse)me.Heworkshard(pass)theexam.I’msorry(have)keptyouwaiting.Helived(see)hissonagreatman.Hemustbeveryrich(buy)thatbighouse.Thisistoodifficult(understand).Englishisnoteasy(learn).Thepicturehadbetter(notbe)putuponthewall.Wouldyoulike(go)outorwouldyouratherstayhere?Theroomislargeenoughfor100people(have)ameetingin.Music(love)byeverybodyinoursmalltown.Thebridge(repair)now.Letit(nottouch).Thebook(write)byLaoShein1948.Don'tyounoticethatsmoking(notallow)here?Youmustnotgohigher,oryou(fall).Weallwentintotheclassroomwhenthebell(ring).You'dbetterleavenow.Yourpupilsmay(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.118.Doyouthinkweshall(lose)thegamethedayaftertomorrow?Ifyoudoso,you(break)therules.Thegirl(sing)ahappysongandcakeintotheroom.Thehouse(build)forabouttenyears.Whentheroom(shine)upontheriver,thescenewasverybeautiful.123.Hisfather(leave)forAustralialastnight.We(