初中英语仁爱版八年级上册知识点梳理

八年级(上册)Unit1PlaySports【考点解析】Topic1Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?WearegoingtohaveabasketballgameagainstClassThree.against表示“对着：反对；靠着”cheersb.on为 加油，鼓劲win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。win(won,won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。beat(beat,beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。agame 「ateamwin+事物awar beat+对手anation.,aprize !anapponent(对手)prefer宁愿，更喜欢(1)preferdoingsth.todoingsth.星艮做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefersb./sth.tosb./$地.跟某人/某物比较起来更喜欢人/某物(2)prefertodosth.(rather)thandosth.跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事(3)prefertodosth.更喜欢做某事join/takepartin(1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员(2)joinsb.(indoingsth.)和某人一起(做某事)(3)joinin=takepartin参加某项活动playforateam为某队效力bein/ontheteam在某队打球dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。e.g.mydreamjob也可作动词dreamof/aboutsth./doingsth.“oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最……之一”。breaktherecord打破记录inthe2008BeijingOlympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在……比赛中”用herace/inthebasketballgamegiveup放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。e.g.giveitup,giveupdoingsth放弃做某事。WhataShame=Whatapity真遗憾!SectionCspend/cost/pay/take(1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间/精力/财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。(2)cost主要指花费金钱/时间/劳力/精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sth.costssb….(3)paysb,酬谢某人，pay…for…可等同于spend…on…，或用cost作同义句转换。(4)take一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。doexercise=playsports做运动，锻炼Therebe句型的将来时结构为Thereis/aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。thehighjump跳高thelongjump跳远Sure(1)besurethat+从句e.g.Iamsurethatheisright.(2)sb.besuretodosth.某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。(3)besureof/aboutsth./doingsth.“确信”，表示主语对 有把握。(4)用在祈使句里Besure(not)todosth.一定(不)做某事e.g.Besuretocomehereearly.make的用法。(1)makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。“makesb./sth.+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。(3)makesth.forsb.—makesb.sth.为某人制作 begoodfor“对 有益”，反义词组是bebadfor“对 有害”。keephealthy=keepfit保持健康SectionDplayagainst星艮 进行比赛playwith/playagainst/playforplaywith玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与 玩耍。playagainst同 比赛。playfor为 效力。leave…for…离开某地去某地leavefor=setofffor出发去某地.一般将来时(1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,soon,lateron,nexttime(week,month,year,Sunday…)等。(2)结构为begoingtodosth.或willdosth.。Therebe句型的将来时结构为Thereis/aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出现表示“有”的have/has。(3)表示位置移动的动词go,come,leave,fly,start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。【例19】(10年河北中考)Thistermover.Thesummervacationiscomingintwoweeks.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe【例20】(10年重庆中考)Ifyoutothe2010ShanghaiExponextweek,Iwillgowithyou.A.goB.hasgoneC.willgoD.aregoing【考点解析】Topic2Wouldyoumindpassingmesomewater?SectionAwould/could/willyou(please)dosth.“请你做 好吗？”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是would/could/willyou(please)notdosth.°e.g.Wouldyoupleasenotplaythepianoloudly?fallill“生病”，beill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feelill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。falldown摔倒，跌倒。mind的用法(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mindsb./sth./doingsth.对wouldyoumindsb./sb.'sdoingsth.及“wouldyoumindif+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意”，可用Yes,you'dbetternot./IamsorrybutIdo.如果表达“不会介意”，可用No,notatall./Nevermind./Itdoesn'tmatter./No,ofcoursenot.(2)用于提出建议。Wouldyouminddoingsth./wouldyoumindnotdoingsth?对Wouldyouminddoingsth.的回答可以用Ofcoursenot,Iwilldoitrightaway./Sorry.Iwilldoitrightaway.对wouldyoumindnotdoingsth的回答可以用Sorry,Iwon'tdoitagain/I'msorryaboutthat(4)作名词，“思想”。setone'smindtodosth./onsth.专注于做某事beglad/happytodosth.乐意做某事practicesth./doingsth.练习做某事SectionBbealwaysdoingsth.老是 ，含有抱怨的感情色彩。careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully.chance机会haveachancetodosth.有机会做某事getachancetodosth.得到一个机会做某事Whatdoyoumeanbysth./doingsth.?=What,sthemeaningofsth./doingsth.?shoutatsb.朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shouttosb.朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。fightwithsb.=haveafightwithsb.与某人打架beangrywithsb.意为“生某人的气”，如：【链接】(1)beangryat对某人的言行感到气愤，(2)beangryaboutsth.对某事感到生气，如：doone,sbesttodosth.=trytodosth.尽力做某事saysorry/hello/goodbyetosb.向某人道歉/问候，/道be/feelsorryfor/todo为 而抱歉(难过)keep的用法(1)keepsb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事“keepsb./sth.+宾补+adj.”使某人/某物处于某种状态“keepsb./sth.+宾补+adv.”使某人/某物处于某种状态(4)keepdoingsth.继续不断做某事e.(5)“keep+表语”，表示保持/继续(处于某种状态)e.g.keepfit/healthy(6)赡养e.g.Myfatherkeepsabigfamily.(7)保存，保留e.g.HowlongcanIkeepthebook?turndown调低音量turnup调高音量turnon打开turnoff关上注意代词都要放在中间。【分析比较】turnon"打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)" turnoff“关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)"。 turnup”开大，调高"。 turndown“减少，关小”inaminute/rightaway/atonce立刻，马上对sorry的回答可以是That'sOK(allright)./Itdoesn'tmatter./Nevermind./NotatallSectionClovedoing/todosth.喜欢做某事exciting/excitedexciting指使人感到兴奋的事excited是指人对 感到兴奋aswell/too/also/either/so/neither(1)too/aswell表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。e.g.Tomisastudent；Jackisastudent,too/aswell.(2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。(3)在否定句中，都要改为either。(4)so表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。e.g.KatewentshoppingyesterdayTomwentshopping,too/aswell(sodidTom).(5)neither表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。e.g。Katedidn'tgoshoppingyesterday；Tomdidn'tgoshopping,either(NeitherdidTom).sothat引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了"。从句的谓语动词要用may,can,should,could等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于inorderthat,可以改成inordertodo句型。e.g.Let'stakethefrontseatssothat/inorderthatwemayseemoreclearly.=Let'stakethefrontseatsinordertoseemoreclearly.6.other/others/another/theother/theothersother作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。e.g.otherstudentsothers(1)别人e.g.Youmustbepolitetoothers.(2)“其他的人或物”，指在一个范围之内，除去一部分后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语some…others中。.Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom,somearereading,somearewriting,othersaretalking.another(1)(m者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个“。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jackhasboughtanotherpen.(2)别的，不同的。Idon,tlikethisshirt.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。“再多一些”，在原来的基础上再加一些。one…theother两者之间一个 另一个 SectionD连接时间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前”，用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago”e.g.twodaysago(2)“before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。e.g.Theywillbeherebefore7：00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。e.g.WewillgettoBeijinginthreedays.(4)“after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。e.g.Weoftenplayfootballafter5：00intheafternoon."after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。e.g.Hecamebackafterfourdays.instead副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独使用时放句末。insteadofsth./doingsth.取代/而不是……buildsb.up使某人更强壮4.havefundoingsth.做某事很愉快havefun=enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心，过得快乐havefunwithab.与某人共度快乐时光Havefun/Enjoyyourself/Haveagoodtime等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。Topic3Whichsportwillyoutakepartin?SectionAthesportsmeet/meeting运动会theboys,800一meterrace男子800米赛跑thelongjump跳远thehighjump跳高therelayrace接力赛跑It,sthe/one,sfirst/second/…timetodosth.makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友。注意friends要用复数形式。bereadyforsth为某事而准备。 5.maybe/maybemaybe=perhaps副词，“也许，大概”。e.g.Maybeheisatthebusstationnow.maybe是情态动词may后接动词原形be,SectionB.打电话问对方是某人时，可以问Isthat…(speaking)?回答可以是Yes,who,sthat?/Speaking.问对方是谁时用Whoisthat?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说Thisis…(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该说Hello,mayIspeaktosb.?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说speaking。Let,smakeithalfpastsix.让我们定在六点半吧。makeit(1)指约定时间e.g.Let,smakeitat6：30.(2)办成，做到(打算或希望做的事)pass动词，“传递”。passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物传给某人。e.g.Wouldyoupleasepassmethebook?“经过”。e.g.Shewasthefirstonetopassthefinishingline.passby…“经过(某地)”。past可作副词或介词，“在 旁经过”。e.g.Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtotalkwithme.【例6】(09年新疆中考)一Didyouseetheaccidentyesterday?一Yes.IthappenedwhenIthemuseum.A.walkedpassB.waswalkingpastC.walkpastD.waswalkingpass【例7】Weneed（再加两个人）todothework.congratulations.祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时，我们可以对他说：Congratulations!【例8】（10年广东中考）-Yesterday1wonthefirstplaceinthe100-meterrace.—Really?!A.CongratulationsB.NevermindC.That,sallrightD.I,msorrytohearthattakephotos/pictures照相e.g.Look,lotsofstudentsaretakingphotosofthebeautifulflowers.【例9】（10年兰州中考）—whatareonshowinthemuseum?—SomephotosbythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.A.havebeentakenB.weretakenC.aretakenD.takenSectionChold/haveasportsmeet举行运动会begoodatsth/doingsth.=dowellinsth/doingsth.擅长（做）某事dobadlyinsth./doingsth.在某方面做得糟糕【例10】Hisfatherisgoodatmakingmodelplanes.（同义句改写）Hisfather modelplanes.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事。【例11】Myfatheroftenencouragesme（study）hard.takeexercise=dosports做运动。其中exercise是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。e.g.domorningexercises做早操【例12】（10年陕西中考）一whatdoyouthinkofthe?—Ithinktheyaregoodforoureyes.Weshoulddothemoften.A.eyesexerciseB.eyeexerciseC.eyeexercisesbeableto和can（1）表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。.Icouldrideabikeattheageof8.=Iwasabletorideabikeattheageof8.我八岁时就会骑自行车了。beableto有人称时态及数的变化，而can只有过去式could..Wewillbeabletomakeitin2010.到2010年我们就可以做到了。（3）表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用can。.Theboycan'tbeMike,heleftforParisyesterday.那个男孩不可能是Mike.,他昨天去巴黎了。【例13】Jack,sfather（能）swimwhenhewasfiveyearsold.【例】—CouldIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,you.A.canB.couldC.needD.shoulddosth.forthefirst/second/…time.第一/二/ 次做某事e.g.Wetookpartintheschoolsportsmeetforthesecondtimelastyear.【例14】ChinatookpartintheOlympicsthefirsttimein1951.A.atB.forC.toD.onmore“更多……”，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是less,“更少”，接不可数名词。fewer”更少”，接可数名词复数。【例15】（10年黄冈中考）一What'sthelow-carbonlifestylelike?—Saveenergy,producecarbon.A.more；moreB.less；moreC.less；lessD.more；lessSectionDstandfor代表e.g.RedstandsforgoodluckinChina.【例16】（08年龙岩中考）TheTangcostume代表）Chinesehistoryandfashionculture.atleast=aslittleas至少，反义词是atmost=asmuchas至多。【例17】Thispairofshoescosts至少）200yuan.【例18】（10年成都中考）ThefoodIcookisn'tdelicious,butIcanlookaftermyself.A.atfirstB.atlastC.atleast【习题精练】I.词汇A.根据汉语或首字母提示填写单词。TherforjoiningtheEnglishclubistobeabletopracticemoreEnglish.Themodern（奥运会）startedinAthens.Therearemany（旅游者）visitingBeijingeveryyear.Weshouldimproveour（环境）andkeepitclean.FiveringsareasoftheOlympicGames.B.根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。Iwasthewinnerinthe（跳高）intheschoolsportsmeeting.Jack（可能）illnow.Isawhiminthehospitaljustnow.1Wouldyoumindcleaningthefloor?—Iamsorry,Iwilldoit（立刻）.Youknowhiswords（代表）。口「idea.Wecanmore（和 交朋友）withforeigners.II.单项选择（10年杭州中考）一Wouldyouliketohavechicken?—No,thanks.It'sdelicious,butI,vehadenough.A.someotherB.somemoreC.anothersome（10年长沙中考）Iamsureyouwillyourclassmatesifyouarekindandfriendlytothem.A.catchupwithB.agreewithC.getonbadlywithD.makefriendswith（10年安徽中考）一ItseemsthatAliceneverwantstodoanythingexceptdrawpictures一Right.That'swhatshelikestodo.A.moreB.lestC.mostD.least（10年十堰中考）一WhereisJeff?一I'mnotsure.Heplayingfootballontheplayground.A.maybeB.maybeC.canbeD.mustbe（10年安徽中考）Bobpromisestothefootballmatchunlesshehastohelphisparentsonthefarm.A.joinB.joininC.takepartto（10年山西中考）一Englishisdifficultforme.HowcanIimproveit?一Don'tloseyourconfidence.Ibelieveyouwillitifyoukeeptrying.A.takeB.workC.pickD.make（09年山西中考）一Isitpolitetospeakandlaughloudly?一No,Idon'tthinkso.A.inpublicB.atleastC.ontime（09年新疆中考）一Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?一Yes,Wewereallaboutthematch.A.exciting；excitedB.exciting；excitingC.excited；excitedD.excited；exciting（09年广州中考）Haveyouyournewclassmatesyet?A.hadfriendswithB.madefriendwithC.gotfriendtoD.madefriendswith（09年宁德中考）Icalledyouyesterday,butnobodythephone.A.checkedB.repairedC.answered（09年天门中考）一whydoyoulikethatscarfsomuch?—BecauseIthinkitcanmegoodluck.A.fetchB.bringC.passD.take（09年潍坊中考）LiuQian,asalittleboy,wassohisownmagicworldthatheseldomwentouttoplaywithotherchildren.A.goodatB.madaboutC.popularwithD.afraidof（09年福州中考）一WewillbuildasubwayinFuzhoubefore2014.—Wow,!Willitpassourplace?A.whatanexcitednewsB.howexcitedthenewsisC.whatexcitingnewsD.howexcitingnews（08年南通中考）一Hello!MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—,please.Heisansweringanothercallrightnow.A.GoonB.ComeonC.KeeponD.Holdon（07年厦门中考）Doctorsoftensuggest,“vegetablesandmeatcanhelpyoukeepfit”.A.More；lessB.Few；muchC.Fewer；moreUnit2KeepingHealthy【考点解析】Topic1You,dbettergotoseeadoctorSectionAwhat'swrongwithsb./sth.=what'sthematterwithsb./sth.haveacold患感冒，have后可是艮表示疾病的词语。用来表示“患 疾病”。e.g.haveaheadache/theflu【例1】Youlooksopaleonyourface,doyou（患感冒）？should/shouldn't情态动词“应该/不应该"e.g.ShouldIdosth.?Yes,youshould./No,youshouldn't./No,youneedn't.【例2】（10年江西中考）一Howwastheyouthclublastnight,Mark?—Itwasgreatfun.Youcome.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.may以下是我们所学过的情态动词：（1）can能/会，can't不能/不允许，过去式could,couldn't。e.g.CanIdosth.?Yes,youcan/No,youcan't.（2）need“需要”，作为情态动词时无人称和时态的变化，多用于疑问句或否定句中。e.g.NeedIdosth.?Yes,youmust/haveto.No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.（3）must必须，mustn't表示“禁止”。e.g.MustIdosth.?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.（4）may“可以/能够”，无否定形式。MayIdosth.?Yes,youmay/can.No,youcan't.【例3】（10年福州中考）—Dad,mustIdomyhomeworknow?—No.Youplaygameswithyourfriendsforalittlewhile.A.wouldB.needn'tC.maytakea（good）rest/havea（good）rest（好好）休息【例4】Afterawholeday'swork,wewantto（休息一下）.英语中表示疾病的名词或词组大多可以采取“身体部位名词+ache”或“sore+身体部位名词”来表达。e.g.head—headachestomach—stomachacheback—backachetooth—toothacheear—earacheknee—sorekneethroat—sorethroateye—soreeyefoot—sorefoot【例5】(09年潜江中考)—hehavea.Ican,teatanything.—Maybeyoushouldseeadentist.A.coldB.feverC.headacheD.toothachePlentyof意思是“大量的”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。一般用在肯定句中，否定句或疑问句中改为enough或many(much)。e.g.Thereisplentyoftimeleft.Isthereenoughtimeleft?【例6】(10年山西中考)Theyhavetimetodothat,butwedon'thavemoneyforit.A.plentyof；someB.little；fewC.plentyof；enoughD.alotof；lotsof【考点链接】alotof/plentyof/anumberof(1)TherearepeopleintheparkonSundays.(2)Youshoulddrinkwater,andhaveagoodrest.【分析比较】alotof：lotsof表示“大量的，许多”。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。plentyof与alotof同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。anumberof表示“许多，大量的"，修饰可数名词。故⑴三者都可以用。而⑵填alotof和plentyof都可以。boiledwater开水boilingwater在开的水【例7】—Isthereany(开水)inthepot?—No,thereisn,t.我们所学过的系动词有look,seem,feel,sound,get,be,smell,touch等，他们后面都可以接形容词作表语，构成系表结构。e.g.feelhappy,soundgreat,smellterrible而实意动词后面是用副词去修饰。e.g.singhappily,stepquietly.【例8】(10年漳州中考)一Themeatdelicious.Ican'twaittoeatit.A.smellsB.tastesC.soundshadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不要)做某事【例9】(07年泉州中考)—Myfatherdranktoomuchlastnight,hefeelssicknow.—He'dbettersomuch.It'sbadforhishealth.A.nottodrinkB.drinkingC.notdrinktake(1)“吃/喝”，有时可以用have替换。e.g.takesomefood/takeacupoftea(2)服(药)takesomemedicine“takesth./sb.to+地点”把某物/某人带到某地去，而bring是带到说话的地方来。e.g.I'lltakemydaughtertothezoothisSunday.(4)乘/搭(交通工具)e.g.Youshouldtakeabustothepark.(5)花费(时间，劳力)常用于句型：^takessb.sometimetodosth.e.g.Ittakesusonehourtodoourhomeworkeveryday.(6)买。e.g.Iwilltakeit.(7)“做”，和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作。e.g.takeawalk/takephotos【例10】(10年鸡西中考)—Howlongdoesittakeyourfathertoworkeveryday.—Abouthalfanhour.A.drivesB.drivingC.todrivefeellikesth./doingsth.=wouldlikesth./todosth.=wantsth./todosth.想要某东西/做某事e.g.Hedidn'tfeellikegoingtoschool.【例11】Katedidn'tfeellike(eat)becausehewasnotwell.dayandnight日日夜夜地e.g.Theyworkdayandnight.toomany“太多”，接可数名词的复数形式。toomuch“太多”，接不可数名词。Muchtoo"太……”，接形容词或副词。【例12](08年青岛中考)Thesedayschildrenatschoolareunderpressurethattheydon,thaveenoughtimetoplayorexercise.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.somanyD.toomany【考点链接]toomuch/muchto/toomany(1)Thereavemistakesinthepassage.(2)Eatingcandyisbadforyourteeth.(3)Theproblemiseasyforthem.[分析比较]toomany“太多”，用于修饰名词复数。(1)题意为“这篇文章里有太多错误"。mistakes是名词复数，故填toomany。toomuch修饰不可数名词。candy在此作不可数名词。故(2)填toomuch。muchtoo"太……”，常用于修饰副词或形容词。(3)题意为“这个问题对于他们来说太简单了”easy是形容词，故填muchtoo。1.hurtvt.使疼痛/损伤e.g.Mikehurthislegbadlywhenhefell.vi.疼痛e.g.Myheadhurtstoday,Iwon,tgotoschool.2.show(1)指“把 给某人看“showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.e.g.Pleaseshowmeyourphotos.=Pleaseshowyourphotostome.(2)指“说明，表明，证明”e.g.Heshowedthatitwastrue.(3)名词，指“展览会”e.g.acarshow【例13]—Willyoupleaseshowyournewpaintingtome?(同意句转换)—Willyoupleaseyournewpainting?nothingserious”没什么严重的”，注意形容词或不定式修饰不定代词时都要后置。【例14]Thereisintoday'smagazine.A.newsomethingB.nothingnewC.newnothingD.anythingnewcheckover"给 做体检，给 做健康检查”，代词要放在中间。each和every都表示“每一”，后接单数名词。each指两个或两个以上中的“每一个”，可用作形容词或代词。而every是指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。只用作形容词。不可以说everyof。e.g.Everyboywasthereandeachdidhispart.each(1)可用作形容词，指“各自的，每一的”。e.g.oneachsideofthestreet.(2)用作代词，指“各自，每一”。【例15]Eachofthemhasanewhat.(同意句改写)Theyanewhat.Sb.haveanaccident某人发生了一场事故【例16](09年福州中考)—Excuseme,couldyoutellme?—Sorry,sir.Iwasn,tthereatthattime.A.howdidtheaccidenthappen B.howtheaccidenthappenedC.howdoestheaccidenthappen D.howtheaccidenthappensask(sb.)forsth.“请求、恳求(给予)、征求”，如：Whydon’tyouaskhimforsomeadvice?你为什莫不征求他的意见？Jackisaskingforajob.杰克正在求职。[链接]askfor…leave请假(多长时间)，此时，leave在这里是名词，是“假期、休假”的意思。SectionDThanks/Thankyouforsth./doingsth.谢谢你 【例17](08年莆田中考)一Thankyouforthedeliciousfood.—.A.Don,tsaythatB.It,snothingC.I,mgladyouenjoyeditnot…until直至” 才e.g.Shedidn,tstoptalkinguntilourteachercame=Shedidn'tstoptalkingbeforeourteachercame.=Shestoppedtalkingafterourteachercame.【例18]（10年漳州中考）一It'sgettinglate,Imustgonow.—It,srainingheavilyoutside.Don,tleaveitstops.A.afterB.whenC.untilworryaboutsth./sb.=beworriedaboutsth./$匕.担心某物或某人I,msorrytohearthatbothyouandyoursisteraresick,both…and 和 都，既……又……。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数。both两者都。allm者或三者以上都。either两者之一。neither两者都不。none三者或三者都不。either…or…或者或者。neither…nor…既不也不°notonly…butalso…不仅而且°e.g.IlikebothEnglishandChinese./Neithermathnormusicinterestsme.其中either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…连接主语时谓语遵循就近原则。e.g.NeitherhenorIamastudent.【例19]Mrs.TurnerhasboughtaCDplayerasapresent,buthersonherdaughterlikesit.A.either；orB.notonly；butalsoC.both；andD.neither；nor【例20]Thoughourmathteachersaidthatwasn'tadifficultproblem,ofthestudentsinmyclasscouldworkitout.A.bothB.allC.neitherD.none【习题精练]I.词汇A.根据汉语或首字母提示填写单词。一Ihaveapaininmyteeth,-Youshouldgotoseea（牙医）.Hefeels（恶心）.Heshouldgotoseeadoctor.Hertemperatureis40.Shehada（高烧）.It,snothings.Youwillbebetterafteryouhaveagoodrest.（08年吉林中考）Henry,youdon,tlookwell.What,sthemwithyou?B.根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。You（最好）stayathomeandhaveagoodrest.What,swrongwithKate.She（看起来苍白的）.Whenyougotoseeadoctor,hewillyou（做检查）.（08年宁夏中考）I,m（担忧）herhealth.Shelookspale.Stayinbedanddon,tmoveyourleg太多）.II.单项选择（10年上海中考）一CanIwearanyclothesIliketoschool.一No,youcan,t!Youwearauniform.A.mightB.mustC.whomD.which（10年上海中考）Isthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooksinthepinkdress.A.lovelyB.quietlyC.politelyD.happily（10年兰州中考）HowmuchdoestheticketfromShanghaitoBeijing?A.costB.takeC.spendD.pay（10年江西中考）一Doyouknowthewaytothepostoffice?一Yes,followmeandI,llyou.A.callB.pickC.showD.invite（10年上海中考）Wewillhavenowatertodrinkwedon,tprotecttheearth.A.untilB.beforeC.thoughD.if（10年南京中考）一I'mveryworriedabouttomorrow,smathstest.IamafraidIcan,tpassthistime.—!I'msureyou,llmakeit.A.NoproblemB.Don'tworryC.That'srightD.Don'tmentionit（10年三明中考）一whotakeyoutothenewschool,yourdadoryoumom?—.Iwenttherealone.A.EitherB.BothC.Neither（09年漳州中考）TheyellowcoatbeLinda'sbecausenobodylikesyellowexcepther.A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must（09年泉州中考）一whoisplayingthepianointhenextroom?Themusicsobeautiful!—It'smysister,Kate.A.soundsB.hearsC.listens（09年龙岩中考）一CanItakethisseat?—.It'sforourteacher,Mr.Li.A.OfcourseB.You'dbetternotC.Yes,please（09年广东中考）Theoldmanisillandhedoesn'tfeellike.A.toeatsomething B.toeatanythingC.eatingsomething D.eatinganything（09年莆田中考）一HishobbyiswatchingTVplayingthepiano.—It'sreadingbooks.A.either；orB.both；andC.neither；nor（09年新疆中考）一Howthemedicinetastes!—Yes.Butthemedicinewillreallyworksoonafteryoutakeit.A.terribleB.deliciousC.sweetD.nice（09年广州中考）Don'tworry.Allthechildrenbythenurses.A.arewelltakencareofB.takegoodcareofC.aretakengoodcareofD.takegoodcare（08年福州中考）一whatanicemodelship!—Thankyou.Itmethreedaystomake.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.wastedm.（10年福州中考）阅读理解Place：FuzhouTheater Date：7：00P.m.May10thNumber：6ROW9,1stFloorPrice：¥80♦Don'tbringanydangerousthings.♦Ifyouarelate,enterthetheaterquietly.♦Theuseofcamerasandvideosisnotallowed.♦Turnoffyourcellphonesorsetthemtovibrationmode震动模式）.♦Pleasecheckyourseatnumberandbeseatedbeforetheplaybegins.♦Pleasecheckthedateandseatnumberwhenyoubuyyourticket.Afterthetickethasbeensold,thereisnorefund.Theplaybeginsat.A.7：00P.m.B.9：00a.m.C.7：00a.m.D.9：00P.m.Yourseatnumberis.A.9；Row6B.6；ROW9C.10；Row6D.7；Row9Ifyouarelatefortheplay,you'dbetter.A.walkaroundB.callupyourfriendsC.makemuchnoiseD.enterthetheaterquietlyYoushouldatthetheater.A.usecamerasandvideosB.sellyourticketC.talkwithyourfriendsloudly D.checkyourseatnumberTheunderlinedword“refund”means.A.入场B.出场C.退票D.签票【考点解析】Topic2Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking.Iamsorrytohearthat.听到这我感到很难过。这是表示同情的一种说法。当你听到别人不幸的事情时，应说此句用来表示你的同情。【例1】—Jim,I'mafraidIcan'tgotoyourpartytonight.Mygrandmaisill.A.I,msorrytohearthat B.That'sallrightC.Shehastostayinbed D.Don'tworryonTV/thephone“（通过）电视/电话”，或直接译成“在电视上/电话上”。【例2】（10年昆明中考）一I'mgoingtobuysomebooks.Willyoucomewithme?—WhynotshoptheInternet?It,smuchcheaperandmoreconvenient.A.onB.inC.atD.withIsee.我明白了。此句为口语，在这里see指“明白，理解”之意。e.g.Hisyoungerbrotherdidn,tseethemeaningofthestory.stayuplate（doingsth.）熬夜（做某事）【例3】Hisfatheroftenstaysuplate（watch）soccergames.【例4】Don'tverylate.YouhavetogetupearlynextmorningA.stayupB.getupC.cutupD.giveuphaveabadcold=haveaterriblecold患严重感冒【例5】—What,swrongwithyou,youngboy?—I'mfeelingterrible,maybeIhavea.A.badlycoldB.muchcoldC.difficultcoldwithout介词，没有。withoutsth./doingsth.反义词是with【例6】Ican'tpasstheexamyourhelp.A.withB.withoutC.don'thaveD.nothaverelax放松。relaxsb./oneself放松某人（某人自己）。e.g.Listeningtomusiccanrelaxyou.relaxed可用作形容词，“使人感到放松的”。【例7】（10年南充中考）一ourEnglishteacherisalwaysveryandmakesusfeel.A.kind；relaxedB.kind；relaxingC.strict；torelaxgiveup“放弃”，代词放在中间。e.g.giveitupgiveupdoingsth.放弃做某事【例8】Don't.Workhardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A.giveupB.putupC.growupD.lookupthrowabout“乱扔”，代词放中间。【例9】Wecan,t（乱扔）litter.Weshouldkeepourschoolclean.litter作动词，意思与throwabout相当。e.g.Don,tlitterthegroundwithpaper.作不可数名词时，指“垃圾，废物”。e.g.Youmustn,tthrowaboutlitter.enough作形容词时修饰名词，置于名词的前后均可。如：Doyouhaveenoughmoney?你有足够的钱吗？【链接】(1)enough作副词时，修饰形容词或副词，应置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后，如：Sheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小了，还不能上学。enough作代词，意为“足够的东西”，如：Ihaveenoughtodo.我要做的事够多了。【口诀】enough一词的位置，出“名”在前，幸福”(形”“副”)在后。【例10】(10年南充中考)-Doesthechildneedanyhelp?—No.Sheistodressherself.A.enougholdB.youngenoughC.oldenought's+adj.(for/ofsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是，用for指做这件事情是怎么样的，e.g.It,sdifficultforhimtogettothebank用of时，前面的形容词是指这个人的性格特征。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.【例11】It,sniceAndymewithmyEnglishstudy.A.at；tohelpB.of；tohelpC.with；helpD.of；help【例12】(10年沈阳中考)Mybrotheristwometresinheight,It'sverydifficulttofindclothesbigenoughhim.A.aboutB.atC.withD.forSectionCmay有两种含义，一种表示请求允许，译成“可以”。e.g.MayIcomeinnow?一种表示推测，译成“可能”。e.g.Hemaybeagoodteacher/Shemaygotoworktomorrow表示推测，译成“可能”的还有must/might。must是比较有根据的推测，把握性最强。e.g.Thatmustbehisbike.Hisisblack.might表示推测的把握性比may更弱。e.g.Youmightgetaheadachewhenyouworktoohard.否定句中表示推测只能用can't。e.g.Themanintheroomcan'tbehim.HehasgonetoBeijing.【例13】(10年三明中考)一Whosejacketisthis?—ItbewuLei's.Isawhimwearitjustnow.A.can'tB.mustC.may【例14】(10年河南中考)一It'ssuchalongway!WhatshallIdo?—Youtakemycarifyouwant.A.willB.mustC.mayhuman的复数是humanswork(1)作名词时是不可数名词，“工作”。e.g.Wehavemuchworktodotoday.(2)作动词，“上班，工作”。e.g.Sheoftenworkslate.(3)作动词，表示“取得成效”。Ithinkthethoughtwillworkwell.(4)作动词，表示“运转，工作”。e.g.MyTVsetdoesn'twork.【例15](10年青岛中考)Hemayleavenow,becausethereisworkforhimtodo.A.alittleB.someC.noD.anythrough/across/cross/pastacross的含义与on有关，表示某一动作是在某一物体的平面上进行，其意思是“横过”。e.g.Wewalkacrosstheroad.cross=goacrosscross是动词，而across是介词。through的含义与in有关，表示动作发生在立体空间，是从内部穿过。e.g.Hewalkedthroughtheforest/village.past可作副词或介词，“在旁经过“。e.g.Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtospeak.【考点链接】cross/across/through/past(1)Lookbothwaysbeforeyoutheroad.(2)Hewalkedthefield.(3)Theballwentflyingthewindow.(4)Studysomeexampapertogetanideaofthequestions.【分析比较】 四者都有“经过，通过”的意思，但词性和用法不同。cross意为“横过，穿过，越过，渡过”，为动词，相当于walk(go,run)across,故(1)填cross。across意为“横过，穿过”，为介词，不作动词，不能作谓语，常放在动词之后，如：goacross,walkacross等。故(2)填across。另外，表示游渡，乘船过海或过河时用across。through是介词，含有“从……中间穿越”之意，表示四周含有物体的穿越。故(3)填through。试比较：Theroadrunsacrosstheplain.一条路横过平原。Theriverflowsthroughthecity.这条河从城市穿过。past既可作副词也可作形容词，作副词时有“穿越，经过”之意。如：Willyougopastmyhouseonyourwayhome?你回家的路上会经过我家吗?作形容词时有“以前的，刚过去的”之意，如：Inthepastyear,Shanechangedjobs3times.在过去一年里莎恩换了3次工作。故(4)填past。【例16】(10年连云港中考)LiuXiangcamethirdthe110-meter-hurdleracelastmonthinShanghai.A.inB.fromC.acrossD.through【例17】(10年呼和浩特中考)ThepolicemanhelpedtheoldwomanwalktheroadA.aboveB.acrossC.throughD.overSectionDas(1)用在同级比较中，“像 一样”。e.g.Heisasyoungasme.否定句中前面一个as可以改为so.(2)(表示方式)如同，按照。e.g.DoasItoldyou.⑶当……时候。e.g.Isawhimashewasgettingonthebus.(4)由于，鉴于。e.g.Ashewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouthim.(5)作为，当做。e.g.Heworksasasinger.【考点链接】like/as(1)Hehasblueeyesme.(2)Sheenjoysallkindsofmusic,Ido.(3)Repeatthesefivesteps,inthelastexercise.【分析比较】like和as都含有“像……一样”之意，但在用法上有一定的区别。like为介词，置于名词和代词前。(1)中的me是代