2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题19-主谓一致

专题十九主谓一致重难点分析主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的数。一、主谓一致原则一览表原则概念例句语法一致原则指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式SteveEmberisagoodplayer.Childrenliketoys.意义一致原则指主语形式上为单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Newsistravelingfastnowadays.就近原则谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语Thereisaknifeandtwoforksonthedesk.Eitheryouorheistogo.二、概念归纳表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。如：Twohoursisquiteenough.两个小时足够了。以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来接的谓语动词的单复数。表学科的名词(physics等)、书报名(theTimes等)、国名(theUnitedStates等)或组织名称(theUnitedNations等)及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数。单复数同形的名词，如means,works等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据具体情况而定。如：Everymeanshasbeentried.每种方法都试过了。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有的方法都试过了。theOlympicGames作主语时，谓语动词用复数。集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。people,police,cattle,youth等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。clothing,furniture,equipment等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。family,class,government等名词表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，表单位成员时谓语动词用复数。“anumberof/avarietyof+复数名词”、“the+形容词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“thenumberof/thevarietyof+复数名词”、“the+形容词”作主语指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：Thebeautifulislovedbyall.（表抽象的概念）美的事物人人都爱。以and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但名词前有each,every,no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.散步和骑车是很好的运动。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstohaveaholiday.每个男孩与女孩都想要假期。注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：Theteacherandwriterispopularwithhisstudents.那位是作家兼老师，很受学生欢迎。（指同一人）动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语用单数。但what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如：Whatweneedistime.我们需要的是时间。Whatweneedarebooks.我们需要的是书籍。主语后接with,togetherwith,including,combinedwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,like,ratherthan,inadditionto等构成的介词短语时，谓语根据主语的单复数而定。如：John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.约翰，而不是他的室友，应该收到责备。在“oneof+复数名词+who/that”引导的定语从句中的动词用复数；但当one之前有theonly/very等修饰时，从句中的动词用单数。如：Thisisoneofthegirlswhowerelateforschoolthismorning.她是今天早上上课迟至U的女孩之一。Thisistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforschoolthismorning.她是唯一一个今天早上上课迟到的女孩。glasses,shoes,trousers等复数名词若其前有pair/kind/type/boxof等量词修饰时，谓语根据量词的单复数而定。如：Apairofshoesisunderthebed.床下有一双鞋。由“alotof/lotsof/plentyof/halfof/therestof/mostof+名词/代词''或“分数/百分数+of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词视其所接的名词决定单复数。如：Threefifthsofthebooksareintendedforthepoorstudents.五分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。Therestofthemoneybelongstoyou.剩下的钱是你的。由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等连接的名词或代词作主语及therebe结构中，谓语动词与它靠近的主语保持一致。如：NotonlywebutalsotheteacherlikeswatchingtheCBAbasketballgames.不仅是我们，还有老师也喜欢看CBA篮球赛。“不定代词(all指人除外)、manya+名词单数、morethanone+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Allhasbeenfinished.所有的都完成了。Allarelateforthemeeting.所有人开会都迟到了。Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestion.不仅一个人提出了建议。考点练透一、单句填空用be动词或所给动词的适当形式填空。TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Everymeanstried,butinvain.NotonlymysisterbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.Goingtobedearlyagoodhabit.I,whoyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.“Allpresentandallgoingonwell,”thechairmansaid.Theoldtakengoodcareofinourcountry.Anironandsteelworks,withsomeotherfactoriestobebuilthere.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasonsyesterday.Iaswellastheyreadytohelpyou.Whatweneedenoughwater,butwhattheyneedhouses.HerfamilylargerthanmineandherfamilywatchingTVnow.Thereabigtableandsixchairsinthediningroom.Therestoffood(leave)fortherestofthestudentswho(have)gonetothelibrary.Weneedoneofthestudentswhoatthemeeting.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(speak)Englishfluently.Manyastudentinourclasspopmusicwhilemanystudentsintheirclassclassicmusic.(like)EachofthemChinesefood.TheyeachChinesefood.(enjoy)Theworkerandwriterreferredto(go)towriteacomedy.Thiskindofcartoonswellinthebookstorewhilecartoonsofthatkindbadly.(sell)Noboyandnogirl(prevent)bytheheavyrainfromtakingpartintheactivity.二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。MySchoolLifeThenumberofteachersandstudentsinourschool1(be)about2,000andtwothirdsofthestudentsinmyclass2(be)girls.All3(be)goingonwellinmyclassandeveryboyandeverygirl4(be)readytohelpothers.LiLinistheonlyoneofmybestfriendswho5(come)fromGuangzhou,andtherest6(be)localpeople.Politics7(be)myfavoritesubjectandlisteningtomusic8(be)whatIoftendoinmysparetime.WhetherIcanbeadmittedtouniversity9(be)stillunknown,butwhatIneedtodonow10(be)notwastinganytime.三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。FirstAidKitWeshouldallhaveone,andinfact,weshouldallhavemorethanone.1(recommend)statethatyoushouldcarryafirstaidkitinthecar,thereshouldbeafirstaidkitinthehome,intheoffice,atschool,whenyougoouthiking,cyclingoronanyothertypeofoutdooradventure,weneedaccess2firstaidkitsatalltimes.Makesurethatyoufindout3thefirstaidkits4(store)whentheyareneeded.Beingpreparedforanemergencyisvital,andawell-stocked(备货充足的)firstaidkitcanmakesurethatyouarereadyforemergenciesas5happen.Firstaidkitsareavailablereadymadeinmanydifferentshapesandsizes.Manypeoplefind_6convenienttobuyaready-madefirstaidkit,itsaveshavingtothink,7otherpeopleprefertomakeuptheirownfirstaidkitandbuythenecessaryitems8(individual).Evenifyoubuyaready-madefirstaidkit,however,you'vestillgottocheckitoutoccasionallyto:replaceanyitemswhichhavebeenusedreplaceanymedicationswhich9(become)outofdate♦stockuponpersonalizedmedication♦makesurethatthebatteriesstillworkintheflashlightTherearesomeitemswhlichmustbeincludedinyourfirstaidkitand10whicharemorepersonal.Thestuff(东西)youmustincludeare:…(Pleasefindouttheitemsonyourown.)助读词汇ready-madeadj.现成的medicationn.药物vitaladj.至关重要的occasionallyadv.偶尔；不定期地availableadj.可用的personalizedadj.个性化的flashlightn.手电筒atalltimes始终gohiking去远足outofdate过期的checkout核实stockupon置办四、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，注意其中主谓一致的问题，用心体会其用法。DearDavid,Howareyougettingonwitheverything?Ihavegotsomegoodnewstotellyou.IwontheExperienceUKKnowledgeContestlastweekandIwillbegivenachancetovisitBritainforeightdaysinJanuaryatnocharge!IamreallygratefultoyouforallyourhelpwithmyEnglishlearning.Byexchangingemailswithyou,IhavelearnedalotaboutnativeEnglishaswellasalotofknowledgeaboutBritain.IwilltellyouaboutthearrangementsforthetripwhenIhavegotfurtherinformationaboutit.Hopefullywecanmeeteachotherinyourhomecountryduringmystaythere.Bestwishes,LiHua参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1.is2.hasbeen3.am;are4.is5.am6.are;is7.are8.is9.was;were10.am11.is;are12.is;are13.is14.isleft;have15.speak;speaks16.likes;like17.enjoys;enjoy18.isgoing19.sells;sell20