【课件】英语概要写作（Summary Writing）

SummaryWritingBytheendofthisperiod,youwillbeableto:1.beclearabout

thestepsofwritingasummary;2.know

howtogetthetopicsentence;3.write

asummarybyusingsometechniques.《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）评分标准第五档（21-25分）1.理解准确，涵盖所有要点2.

准确使用相应的语法结构和词3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑4.完全使用自己的语言写作步骤

1.Readfortopicandstructure2.Combinetopicsentenceandkeywords3.Rewrite/paraphrase

1ReadforTopicandStructure

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

ReadforTopicandStructure

2ReadforTopicSentenceandKeyWords

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2?

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2提出问题

导入?动物园观点事实说明

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2?动物园观点

主题句事实说明

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?

①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.

②However,

mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWords?Para.1&2作者观点

Keepinganimals..............................................isunfairbecause

①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3

①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,but

visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3?分析原因

①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.

②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3

主题句

①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4

①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.

②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4事实论证

①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4事实论证

主题句主题句的标志1.首段出现疑问句，对此问题的解答通常是主旨

2.

段落中出现转折，该句很可能是主题句3.具体实例之前通常是主旨4.

下列词之后通常是主旨:

however,but,yet,anyhow,therefore,so,thus,allinall,what'smore,furthermore,actually,insteadof......5.下列词之前通常是主旨:

forexample,first,second......

①Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.②Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.③Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.④Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.⑤Haven'tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.5

主题句补充解释

①Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.②Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.6

主题句

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWords

?however......but............,Furthermore......Insteadof......

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.

Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat

zoochosis

iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.

ReadforTopicandStructure

P1P2P3P4P6P5议论文写作模板论点论据结论3Rewrite/Paraphrase理解准确，涵盖所有要点有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑完全使用自己的语言准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇理解准确，涵盖所有要点对应评分标准高度概况（找出主题句）删除细节同义替换句式运用(非谓语动词，省略，主动与被动，倒装）巧妙的衔接词概要写作高分技能词词替换：包括同义词、近义词、反义词转换词性：指用同一个单词的不同形式，词形不同，意思一样短语与短语替换同义替换Para1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfair

and

respectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting

“things”

ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.词词替换---同义词、近义词、反义词unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthatanimalsdisrespectfulPara1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”

ofinteresting

“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.转换词性---词形不同，意思一样unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat

collectdestroy

destruction

disrespectfulanimalsdoharmtocausedestruction/damagetodamage/harm/hurt

(vt.)Para1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting

“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.短语与短语替换unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat

collectdestroy

destruction

inzoos

Theyfailedtolearnsomething

causeTheydestroythemselves.Theycausedestruction/damagetothemselves.animalsdisrespectfulleadtoTheydoharmtothemselves.Theyhaven'tincreasedtheirknowledge

改变句子结构，运用不同的句式来表达与原句相同的句意。常用的策略有：改变语态，简单句变复合句，从句变分词，省略，倒装句式运用Para1&2.

Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting

“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.P3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.P4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.P5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.P6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.Paraphrase---句式运用unfairabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat

collect

inzoos

leadtoTheydestroythemselves.animals1.

becausemostzoosonlycollectinterestinganimalsbutdon'tprotectthem.

2.

animalsinzoosbecausemostzoosonlycollectinterestinganimalsbutdon'tprotectthem.disrespectful

it作形式主语doing

作主语Keepinganimalsinzoosisunfair

Itisunfairtokeep

Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin

unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled

zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.Paraphrase---句式运用significantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthatdestroy

destruction

Theyfailedtolearnsomething

leadtoTheydestroythemselves.Theycausedestruction/damagetothemselves.Para3.

Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything

meaningful

abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Paraphrase---句式运用Theyfailedtolearnsomething

1.

,theyfailedtolearns