【公开课课件】英语：定语从句复习课件

AttributiveclauseStepone定语从句的构成

两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词关系词：引导定语从句的词语法讲解定语从句（theattributiveclause）

☆被定语从句限定的词是_______，引导定语从句的词叫做________或_________。☆关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。在复合句中，充当_______用的从句是定语从句

“先行词”“关系代词”“关系副词”形容词Step2.关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，表语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分

②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句Step3.关系代词先行词人事物人＋事物主语who/thatwhich/thatthat宾语who(m)/thatwhich/thatthat定语whose/ofwhomwhose/ofwhichIhaveasister.+

SheworksinShanghai.=Ihaveasister___________worksinShanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海。Hewantstoseetheman.+

ThemanisinShanghai.=Theman______________hewantstoseeisinShanghai.Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.=Haveyoufoundthepen___________youlostyesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that/(that/which/)难用的whoseTheteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.whose=thestudent’s关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格难用的whoseThehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbrokenDoyouknowthegirl?+

Hermotherworkshere.=Doyouknowthegirl________motherworkshere?Iliveinaroom.+

itswindowfacessouth.=Iliveinaroom________windowfacessouth.whosewhose=Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.ofwhichthewindow=Doyouknowthegirl

themotherofwhom

workshere?ofwhomthemotherExercisesLookatthelady_______nameisPochi.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.thatThosepictures________weredrawnbyTomarenice.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whichThegirl________couldsingwellwenttoEurope.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whom1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Theonlything_______weshoulddoistofindoutwayhome5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Thisisthebestfilm_______Ihaveeverseen.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.9.Ourvillageisnolongertheplace______itusedtothat,which,who,whom,whose?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat只能用that做关系代词的几种情况:thatthat,which,whose,whomorwho?11Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_______madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______sataboy.13.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_______motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.whichwhich

whomwhose只能用which做关系代词的情况:以下情况只能用which引导定语从句。1.引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。3.句子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了that引导时

2.先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时

介词+which(先行词是物）介词+whom(先行词是人）关系副词的用法：therelativeadverbsreferringtofunctionintheclausewhen(=at/in/onwhich)

where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)

timeadverbialoftimeplaceadverbialofplacereasonadverbialofreason关系副词和先行词的关系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

Idon’tliketheway

thatyouspeak.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=whyintheway=that/inwhich关系副词实际上是“介词＋先行词”Thisis

thehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）=Iwasbornthere（副词).=Thisisthehouse_______Iwasborn.=____which注意区别：Thisisthehouse____________Iwasbornin.(which/that)whereinWewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.=Wewillneverforgettheday______wewillholdtheOlympicGames.

____which注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday____________Ispentwithyoulastyear.(which/that)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.=forwhichwhenon判断关系词的步骤：步骤一辨别出先行词步骤二确定先行词在从句中所充当的成分步骤三查看有无特殊情况注意：1.Thankyouforthebookyougaveittomeyesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。what不能用于定语从句中2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.Tellmewhatyouknow.thattellsb.sth,1.介词＋whom/which

结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.Thisisthehero_____whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofturntosb.forhelp1.

Doyoulikethebook

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook

sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope

hecouldstudytheskies.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich介词+关系代词的练习介词+关系代词的练习

6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,__________

standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.8.Heistheman________youcandepend.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.

10.Shesufferedfromillness,inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome=andinthatcase11.Tomspend4yearsincollege,___________helearnedFrench.onwhomtowhomofwhichunderwhich介词+关系代词+名词的练习

duringwhichtime介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×

Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况3Isthisthewatchthatyouare

lookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIam

lookingafter

isbetter.

在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级＋）of＋whom/which结构中，表所属关系，”…当中的…”

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.

whichThere54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.whom非限制性和非限制性定语从句3.ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.4.Huian,whereIlive,isbeautiful.1.shehasasonwhoisadoctor2.Shehasason,who(=andhe)isadoctor..Pleasecompare:形式

作用

翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句修饰限定补充解释能不能….的能否省略不止一个只有一个5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：

①

that

不能用来引导非限制性定语从句②why

不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.

③在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose④在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,asAlicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_______cameasasurprise.itB.thatC.whichD.he_______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What区别：

a.which只能放在句末，而as从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.从意义上讲，which意为“这一点’,而as却可表示”正如那样“，有些as从句已成了固定句型,如：Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyousay,asIcansee,Asisreported,asyoumayhaveheard……关系代词as的用法(1)_______weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Taiwan,_________weallknow,belongstoChinaTaiwanbelongstoChina,___________weallknow.Asas\whichas\which

as

可以位于句首、中、尾；which不能位于句首.______isreportedinthepapers,Chinahassentupanothersatellite.Ilostmywatch,_______isnotfoundyet.ASwhich

as

具有“正如”之意，常用于beknown(expected,announced,reported,,shown)等被动结构中as只能指代主句整个概念，不能指代单个先行词;which两者都可以。关系代词as的用法练习（2）用which,as,it填空Theearthisround._______isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall._________isknowntoall,theearthisround______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.Itwhich/as

AsIt关系代词as的用法练习（3）Thisissuchaninterestingbook

_____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook

_____

wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)关系代词as的用法(4)ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.Pleasecompare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。

thesame…as(指不同的人或物)；

thesame…that(指同一个人或物)

as引导限定性定语从句常用在下面固定短语中：thesame…as,as…as,so…as,such…as非限制性定语从句和单句的比较4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.6.Hehastwosons,

andbothof________areteachers.thatthatwhomthemthat,which,them,whom?1.Hehasgonetocollege,_____madeussurprised.2.Hehasgonetocollegeand____madeussurprised.3.Hehasgonetocollege;____madeussurprised.whichthemway后面的定语从句

way后面的定语从句的引导词有inwhich,that或不填，如：

Irecognizedhe’sfromAustraliafromtheway__________________hespeaks.inwhich(that/不填)

同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

that引导同位语从句时不充当句子成分；用于定语从句则充当句子成分；用when,where,why引导同位语从句时，其前面的词不是相应的时间、地点、原因，而定语从句则必须是相应的时间、地点、原因。例如：概念拓展：Thesuggestionthatthejobisunfitforyouisreasonable.Thesuggestionthatyouputforwardisreasonable.同位语从句

定语从句

定语从句与强调句型的区别

强调句型的句式结构为：“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who从句”。在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that,但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“Itis/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。1.Itwasthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasures2.Itwasinthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasureswherethat改错.1.ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.2.Canyouthinkofanyonewho’shouseisonapileofrock?3.Thegirlstudiesmusicplaystheviolinverywell.4.Doyouknowthedriverwhomcausedthetrafficaccident?5.Thehouseinwhereweliveisverylarge.6.Thisisthetenthletterwhichshehasreceivedfromthatboy.7.ThetowntothatwearemovingistheoneIusedtolivein.1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词①Isthisthefactory_____youvisitedlastyear?②Isthisfactory____youvisitedlastyear?1.a.thatb.wherec.inwhichd.theone2.①All____Ineedisagoodrest.

②Youknow

____Ineedisagoodrest.

a.whatb.allwhatc.thatd.whichadca3.①MrSmithisoneofthoseforei-gnerswho____workinginChina.②MrSmithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho____work-inginChina.a.isb.hasc.haved.are4.①Pisaisacity,____hasalean-ingtower.②Pisaisacity,____thereisaleaningtower.a.whichb.thatc.whered.theredaac5.①Thisistheplace____wevisit-edlastyear.②Thisistheplace____hatd.there6.①Thenews________hetolduswasveryexciting.②Hetoldusthenews____ourteamhadwonthegame.a.whatb.asc.thatd.whichabc/dc8.Hisparentswouldn