2022届全国新高考英语备考复习科技创新

科技创新考前4天2022届全国新高考英语备考复习Part1基础练目录01考纲解读02自我检测Part2针对练01命题回顾02答题要领03自我检测“科技创新”是高中英语新课程标准话题之一。该话题涉及各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。科技已经影响、渗透到我们生活的方方面面。生活离不开科技,科技在为生活服务。“现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题,主要题型为阅读理解,体裁一般为说明文,分值所占比重也比较高。例如2019年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇主题是美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目,旨在鼓励考生开发创新思维,培养生活技能。科普类文章注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象。这类文章贴近考生的学习、生活实际,有利于激发考生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用,能全面地考查考生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析、解决实际问题的能力。科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性强等特点:要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握。这类文章主要命题形式为细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题等。Ⅰ.品词识义1.accessibleadj.____________

2.automaticadj.____________

3.breakthroughn.____________

4.digitaladj.

____________

5.privilegen.____________

6.proceduren.

____________

易接近的;可得到的自动的重大进展;突破数字的;数码的特权;特殊待遇程序;手续7.revolutionn._____________

8.drawbackn._____________

9.cyberspacen._____________

10.transformv._____________

11.laptopn._____________

12.systemn._____________

革命缺点;不利条件网络空间改造;改革;变换;改变笔记本电脑系统;体系Ⅱ.单句填空1.(2020·全国Ⅱ)Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)after

(control)fordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.2.(2020·全国Ⅲ)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthat

(occur)billionsofyearsago.3.(2020·全国Ⅲ)OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindof

(adapt)—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.controllingoccurredadaptation4.(2020·浙江)

(challenge)workthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.5.(2020·天津)Directedsoundisanewtechnologythat________(allow)companiestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光灯)areusedinthetheater.6.(2019·全国Ⅱ)HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturning

abunchofhighschoolkids.Challengingallowsto7.(2019·全国Ⅲ)AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbols

(consist)ofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.8.(2019·北京)Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfrom

(number)theydon’tknow.9.(2019·北京)Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysof

(determine)andcommunicatingwhatisreal.consisting

numbersdetermining10.(2019·江苏)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence

plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.11.Thislittledevice,

isflexibleandconvenient,hasobviousadvantages.12.Wearelivinginaninformationage,whenTV,cellphonesandthewebare

(wide)used.thatwhichwidely13.Inaword,peopleshouldmakegooduseofmobilephonesinsteadofbecoming

(addict)tothem.14.

thehelpofthecomputer,itwillbepossibleforhumanstoworkathome.15.We’lldoourbesttocatchupwiththe

(advance)worldlevels.16.Themoretheyusethephoneduringtheday,the_________

(poor)theirsleepis.addictedWithadvanced

poorer

17.Havingamobilephonemakesiteasyforme

(keep)intouchwithmyfriends.18.Asweallknow,TuYouyou,aChinesewomanscientist,hasmadegreat

(contribute)tomedicalresearch.19.Facedwithnewopportunitiesand

(challenge),heisdeterminedtohaveatry.20.Asweallknow,todaywebenefitfromcountless

(invent).tokeepcontributionschallengesinventionsⅢ.完成句子1.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatmoderntechnology____________________

____________inlife.毫无疑问,现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。2.

,studentscanobtainknowledgeontheInternet,and

,theycan_______________________.一方面,学生可以通过网络学习知识;另一方面,他们可以开阔自己的视野。3.IbelieveIcanusetheInternetverywell___________________________________.我相信只要我知道如何控制自己,我就能很好地使用互联网。bringsusconvenienceandcomfortOntheonehandontheotherhandbroadentheirhorizons

aslongasIknowhowtocontrolmyself4.Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,weshould_________________

________________________,enjoyingitsconveniencebutavoidingitsnegativeinfluence.根据上面提到的,我们应该合理地利用手机——享受其便利,但是避免其负面影响。5.Microblogcanprovideaplatformtoshowourtalentandreleaseourpressure,thus__________________________________________________________________.微博能提供一个展示我们的天赋、释放我们的压力的平台,因此这使它越来越受高中生的欢迎。6.

,wecansurftheInternetatamuchhigherspeed.一旦这一新技术开始使用,我们就可以以快得多的速度在网上冲浪。

makingitmoreandmorepopularwithseniorhighschoolstudentsmakeuseofthemobilephoneproperly

OncethenewtechnologycomesintouseⅣ.语法填空Chinesehigh-speedtrainsareavery1.

(comfort)waytotravel.Theyareclean,quietandefficient.Chinahasledotherdevelopingcountriesandevensomedevelopedonesinthisfieldsincethefirsthigh-speedtrain2.

(come)intousein2008.

Thestationsare3.

(main)builtoutsidethetowncenter,butlocaltransporthasbeenlengthened4.______(connect)thehigh-speednetwork.Thefacilitiesonthetrainarenewandthestaffarewelltrained.Eventhesecondclass5.

(chair)provideplentyofspace.Thepassagesaresowide6.

you【语篇解读】本文介绍了中国高铁在世界上处于领先地位,同时也介绍了它的优势。1.comfortable中国高铁是一种很舒服的旅行方式。修饰名词way用形容词,故填comfortable。2.came根据时间状语in2008可知,此处应用一般过去时,故用came。3.mainly高铁站主要修在市郊,但是当地的交通延伸到高铁站来连接全国高铁网络。修饰动词build用副词。4.toconnect分析句子可知,此处用不定式作目的状语,故填toconnect。5.chairs即使是二等座的椅子也有相当大的空间。分析句子可知,本句缺少主语,chair为可数名词,故用其复数形式。6.that通道是如此宽敞,你可以经过的时候不用打扰别人。so...that“如此……以至于”,故此处填that。canmovewithoutdisturbinganyone.Youcanuseyourmobilephone,access7.

Internetorworkonyourlaptop.Thereisalsoarestaurantcar,thoughthekindsoffood8.

(be)limited.Thetoiletsarelarge,cleananduser-friendlytoo.Thetrainalmostdoesn’trock.Evenwhenthetrainbrakes,youcanhardlyfeelitshake.What’smore,thehigh-speedtrainsarealso9.

(little)affectedbyweatherthanplanes.Seldomaretheydelayedorcancelledforweathercondition.10.

,theyhavebecomethefirstchoiceformanypassengers.7.to

accesstosth为固定搭配,意为“得以使用某物”,故此处填to。8.are分析句子可知,本句主语为kinds,故谓语动词须用复数形式,此处为一般现在时陈述一般事实,故填are。9.less根据下文thanplanes可知,设空处须用比较级形式,故填less。10.Therefore根据语境可知,设空处前后为因果关系,且有逗号隔开,故填Therefore。主题主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一,主要考查考生通过阅读文章准确获取文章的主旨和归纳、概括中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章主旨大意、总结段落大意、归纳文章标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。例如2020年全国Ⅰ卷、全国Ⅱ卷15个阅读理解题中都有2个主旨大意题,全国Ⅲ卷有3个主旨大意题。1.主旨大意题——体裁决定答案文章的主旨大意往往由文章体裁决定。议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点,往往采用“总—分—总”的模式,第一段提出论点,然后是论据部分,最后一段得出结论(论点的重申),所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段说明文说明一个事物的用途或制作过程,主题句一般在首段新闻报道主要是报道一个人物事迹或重大事件等,主题句常出现在首段首句记叙文一般没有明显的主题句,需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意,但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子,则这个句子往往为主题句2.标题归纳题(1)正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;(2)反面否定法:撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想,用它们写出来的文章将是什么内容,然后和原文对照,一一排除不恰当的选项。3.段落大意题——根据逻辑结构精准定位主题句(1)总分顺序组织段落:首句做总的说明,其他句子对其进行具体论述,这种结构的主题句就在段首;(2)分总顺序组织段落:主题句就在段尾;(3)分总分顺序组织段落:主题句就在段落的中间。4.写作意图题——不同的体裁有不同的写作意图体裁写作意图广告推销某种产品或某种服务,或是通过影片、图书、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等说明文向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程研究报告向人们展示某种研究结果议论文论述一个道理或表达一个观点记叙文向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达情感等

A

Scientistsmayonedaybeabletodestroyvirusesinthesamewaythatoperasingersbreakwineglasses.Newresearchmathematicallydeterminedthefrequenciesatwhichsimplevirusescouldbeshakentodeath.“Thecapsid(壳)ofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle,”saidphysicistOttoSankeyofArizonaStateUniversity.“Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations(震动),theviruscanbedestroyed.”

Recentexperimentalevidencehasshownthatlaser(激光)pulseswiththerightfrequencycankillcertainviruses.However,locatingtheseresonant(共振的)frequenciesisabitoftrialanderror.“Experimentsmusttryvariousconditions,”Sankeysaid.Tofurtherthissearch,SankeyandhisstudentEricDykemanhavedevelopedawaytocalculatethevibrationsofeveryatominavirusshell.Fromthis,theycandeterminethelowestresonantfrequencies.Anexperimenthasrecentlyshownthatpulsesoflaserlightcancausedestructivevibrationsinvirusshells.Sankeysaid,“Likewakingupachildonaswingbypushinghim,onesuddenpushgetsthevirusshaking.”

However,itisdifficulttocalculatewhatsortofpushwillkillavirus,sincetherecanbemillionsofatomsinitsshellstructure.Adirectcalculationofeachatom’smovementswouldtakeseveralhundredthousandGigabytesofcomputermemory,Sankeyexplained.Theteamplanstousetheirtechniquetostudyothermorecomplicatedviruses.However,itisstillalongwayfromusingthistodestroythevirusesininfectedpeople.“Thisissuchanewfield,andtherearesofewexperimentsthatthesciencehasnotyethadenoughtimetoproveitself,”Sankeysaid.“Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime.”【语篇解读】文章介绍了一种使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的方法。1.Whatmaybethenewwaytokillviruses?A.Replacingviruses’capsidswithshells.B.Breakingviruses’capsidsbyvibration.C.Locatingthepositionofcertainviruses.D.Damagingtheconditionsthatviruseslike.1.B细节题。根据第2段中的Thecapsidofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle和“Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations,theviruscanbedestroyed.”可知,病毒有一层外壳,如果受到机械振动则可以将其破坏,病毒就可以被毁灭。2.WhydidSankeymention“wakingupachildonaswingbypushinghim”inParagraph4?A.Toprovehowsimplethenewtheoryis.B.Toexplainhowtostartthevirusshaking.C.Tosuggesttheideacomesfromourreallife.D.Toshowthedestructivepowerofvibrations.2.B推断题。根据第4段最后一句可知,就像从秋千上推孩子把他弄醒一样,一个突然的推动就会让病毒颤抖,因此可推断,Sankey是用类比的方式帮助读者了解这种破坏病毒的原理。3.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theshellstructureofviruses.B.Thelackofcomputermemory.C.Thechallengingpartoftheresearch.D.Theimportanceofatoms’movement.3.C主旨题。根据第5段的内容可知,由于病毒的外壳结构中可能有数百万个原子,因此很难计算出哪种推动会杀死病毒。直接计算每个原子的运动将消耗大量计算机内存,因此本段主要讲的是在这项研究中会遇到的问题。4.WhatisSankey’sattitudetowardsthetheory?

A.Disapproving. B.Worried.C.Uncaring. D.Positive.4.D推断题。根据最后一段中的“Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime.”可知,Sankey对这项新技术的未来是有信心的。B“ThishasgoneaswellasIcouldhavedreamed,andIcanflyinthenearfuture!”Yes,AlyssaCarson,a20-year-oldastronautfromBatonRouge,Louisiana,iscapable.Forher,ridingthemostaggressiverollercoasterintheparkisnotabigdeal.Ifallgoesaccordingtoherplans,NASAwillsendhertoMarsin2033,makingherthefirsthumantostepfootontheplanet.Shewillspendtwotothreeyearslivingthere,growingfood,performingscienceexperimentsandsearchingforsignsoflife.“TheMartianisactuallyveryaccurate,”shesaid.“Alotofthingsthathappenedinthemoviesaresimilartowhatisgoingtohappen.”Shehasdevotedherentirelifetopreparingforherjourney.

HerloveforspacestartedwhenshewatchedacartooncalledTheBackyardigansattheageof3.Fiveanimalpalswentonimaginaryadventuresintheirbackyard,includingonepart—amissiontoMars.“Ithoughtthisredplanetwassocool!”shesaid.“Istartedwatchingvideosofrovers’landingonMars.IhadalargemapofMarsinmyroomwhichIwouldlookateveryday.IstartedgettingtelescopessoIcouldlookatspace.”

Atage7,herfathertookhertospacecampinHuntsville,Alabama.“Thatwastheweekendofmylife,”shesaid.“IgottolearneverythingIhadbeenwantingtoknowandIgottoseealife-sizedrocket.”Shecherishedtherocketsomuchthatshereturned18times.Atage12,shebecamethefirstpersoninhistorytoattendallthreeNASAspacecampsinHuntsville,Alabama;Quebec,CanadaandIzmir,Turkey.Atfirstshemasteredthebasicsofspaceandhowhumanshaveexploreditthroughouttime.Asshegotoldershesimulated(模拟)missions,tryingtoreachadestinationin,weightlesszones.Whenshewas9,shemetNASAastronautSandraMagnus.Theexperiencedexplorertoldhershewasheragewhenshedecidedtogotospace.AtthatmomentAlyssaknewherloveofspacewasnotahobby.“Ididthesamethingasotherkids,likeswitchingmymindaboutcareers,wantingtobeateacherorthepresidentoneday,”shesaid.“Bu