【60天冲刺】高考二轮三轮总复习 第5模块阅读填空专题课件（湖南专用）

第五模块阅读填空考纲解读第五模块

│考纲解读

此题要求考生在读完一篇短文后，根据文中相关的内容，填写表格。它要求考生归纳概括文中的要点，并根据一定的线索把相关的内容以表格的形式有序地表达出来。阅读填空属于综合能力考查题，强调主观表述，主要考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。它既考查考生快速获取信息的能力，也考查组织信息、表达信息的能力。具体地说，其能力测试要求为：1．对文章中所提供的关键信息的正确判断和采集。2．适当的句型转换。3．正确地使用英语解释英语。4．原文细节信息的正确理解。5．主旨大意的归纳。命题分析第五模块

│命题分析通过对2007年、2008年、2009年、2010年和2011年湖南省的五篇阅读填空题的分析，从中可得到如下特点：1．题型特点的变化第五模块

│命题分析2.语篇与试题形式特点的变化：第五模块

│命题分析分析表格可知：(1)体裁：五年来都是描写性说明文，特点是层次分明、要点突出。(2)话题：题材多为中学生熟悉、感兴趣且符合中学生认知水平和评判取向的日常话题。常见的话题是：科普知识、时文报道、史地常识、说理议论、人物介绍、社会文化和环境保护等。总体趋势离中学生越来越近，兼顾时代性。(3)词数：短文词数在280词左右，题目词数在70词左右，两者比例是4：1左右。(4)题目：题目采用短语形式，简短但信息量大。思维导图、表格和提纲清晰地展示了短文的篇章结构。题型探究第五模块

│题型探究探究点一直接信息题一、了解直接信息题的特点是答题的需要。所谓直接信息题，即能直接从文章中找到答题信息句，且能直接套用文中信息句中的某个原词或短语而不需改变其词性，甚至不需改变其词形。例如：根据信息句“Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone’sideasdeserveconsiderationandeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.”判断填空：“Keepanopenmindto________”．第五模块

│题型探究根据信息句中的“everyone’sideasdeserveconsideration”该空应填写“everyone’sideas”，即为文中原短语，既没有改变原词的词性，也没有改变原词的词形。但有时为满足同一单元格中表达形式一致的原则，而需改变原词的词形。第五模块

│题型探究例1[2008·湖南卷]Butthissystemcandoagreatdealofgood.ArecentpaperinthejournalBioSciencetellsthatgreenroofscancontroltemperature,containwaterandcleantheair.Andmostimpressively,theycancutheatlossfromabuildingby50%,lowerair­conditioningcostsby25%,andreducetheurban­heated­islandeffectby2℃.Physical：·______

·containingwater·cleaningtheair第五模块

│题型探究根据信息句中的“greenroofscancontroltemperature,containwaterandcleantheair”再结合该单元格中所给出的表达形式可判断，该空应填“controllingtemperature”，即将原词的动词原形改为了动名词形式。第五模块

│题型探究二、有效寻找答题信息句是答题的保证。直接信息题主要考查检索信息的能力，因此有效快速定位信息句尤为重要。快速寻找有效信息句的方法主要有三种：1．在粗读的过程中留意重要细节和关键处。考生应学会带着表格信息快速浏览，抓住全文中心及段落大意，正确获取信息。应学会带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记。例如，画线段落主题句，标记文中醒目词time,age,number,place,suggestions,tips,ways,benefits等，注明信息词：who,what,when,where,why,how；first,then,afterthat,next,finally；because,thus,leadto,becausedby,asaresultof；likeness,alike,justas,either…or；but,while,instead,differentfrom,onthecontrary;inaword,第五模块块│题型探究究insummary,etc.2．根据试试题在表表格中的的顺序确确定有效效信息句句在文章章中的大大致位置置。表格是文文章框架架的体现现，其设设题一般般来说，，是按照照文章的的段落顺顺序来排排序的。。例如，，第1小题的答答题信息息句应在在开头，，而最后后一小题题的答题题信息句句应在结结尾。总总之，阅阅读填空空题的10个小题的的答题信信息句在在文章中中一般是是依次出出现的。。3．根据试试题关键键词的提提示寻读读有效信信息句。。表格中的的表达通通常以短短语或句句子出现现，因此此，考生生应善于于判断、、识别该该空所在在的语句句中的关关键词，，再有针针对性地地带着这这些关键键词的提提示到文文中相应应段落寻寻找有效效信息句句。第五模块块│题型探究究三、准确确理解表表格中的的语意表表达是答答题的关关键。表格中的的语意表表达一般般不完全全与文章章中的原原句表达达相同，，它显得得更简洁洁、清楚楚，其表表达方式式多为短短语，偶偶尔为句句子。因因此，找找到答题题信息句句后，考考生应注注意分析析、比较较、推敲敲表格与与原文在在表达上上的异同同。此时时，首先先找到两两者在表表达上的的共同点点，再推推敲其不不同点，，而后分分析文中中原句的的主干结结构，比比较实词词的对应应关系。。经过这这样一番番思考，，一定能能敲定正正确答案案。第五模块块│题型探究究探究点二二归纳纳概括题题一、归纳纳概括题题的种类类：1.标题归纳纳题：根根据“文文章主旨旨句大多多出现在在三个位位置：文文章首段段，一段段末二段段首转折折后信息息，文章章末段””的特点点，可有有意识地地从上述述三个位位置找到到文章主主题句，，再加以以准确概概括，确确定语篇篇标题。。此外，，常用于于概括文文章标题题的词有有：development,history,introduction,study,research,experiment，information,future。需注意意的是，，阅读填填空题的的标题表表达常以以(动)名词短语语形式为为主。2．段落归归纳题：：段落归归纳概括括题常位位于表格格的左栏栏，能最最大限度度覆盖相相应行、、列或单单元格的的全部信信息，常常为名词词、名词词短语或或动(名)词短语。。第五模块块│题型探究究例2Activitieslikeinvestigationsaremosteffectivewhendonebysmallgroups.Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities:Makesureeachgroupmemberunderstandsandagreestothetaskgiventohimorher,andeveryoneknowsexactlywhen,whyandwhattodo;taketurnsdoingvarioustasksduringsimilarandrepeatedactivities;beawareofwhereothergroupmembersareandwhattheyaredoingsoastoensuresafety;beresponsibleforyourownlearning,thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththoseofothergroupmembers.第五模块块│题型探究究表格：第1题在表格格的左栏栏，所填填的词要要求能概概括右栏栏单元格格的所有有内容，，而根据据该段的的主题句句“Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities”可判断第1空应填写Suggestions。第五模块│题型探究二、归纳概概括词的判判断与选用用1．常见的归归纳概括词词：表原原因因：：reason(for),cause(of)；表表目目的的：：purpose,aim,goal；表表种种类类：：kind,type,category,style(风格格)；表表方方式式、、方方法法：：means,way,method，solution,approach；表表方方位位：：location,position；表表建建议议：：advice,suggestion,recommendation,tip；表表态态度度、、观观点点：：attitude,idea,opinion；表表用用途途、、功功能能：：use,usage,function；表表变变化化、、趋趋势势：：change,trend,development,rise,increase,decrease;表描描述述：：description,appearance,look,color,size,length,width,distance,height,shape；表表来来源源、、历历史史：：history,source,origin；第五五模模块块│题型型探探究究result,con事故：disaster,accident,threat；表关系：relation,第五五模模块块│题型型探探究究relationship；表表异异同同：：difference,similarity;表交通、运输输：traffic,transportation；表时间、年年代、年龄：：date,time,age；表性别：sex；表质量、数数量：quality,amount,quantity,number；表事件：incident,event；表反应：response,reaction，reflection；表定义：definition；表预防：prevention,precaution；表治疗：treatment,cure；表程度：degree；表信仰：belief；表人口：population；表资源：resource；表职位：position；表职业：work,job,occupation,profession；表设备：equipment(不可数),facility(可数)；表迹象、征征兆：sign,symptom。需要注意意的是：在实实际做题时要要根据表格的的要求做出第五模块│题型探究2.判定归纳概括括词的方法：：(1)根据段落主题题句的关键词词判定概括词词。段落主题句多多在段首，其其次在段尾，，偶在段中，，因此在读文文章时要尤其其注意段首尾尾，宜及时标标注主题句。。要善于根据据上下文的逻逻辑关系确认认关键词。例例如上述例句句中，找到主主题句后，要要能判断suggestions为主题句的关关键词。值得得注意的是，，有时所填写写的概括词不不能照抄主题题句中的关键键词，而需根根据表达要求求改变其词形形或词性，甚甚至是另换一一词。第五模块│题型探究例3Volunteeringdoesmuchgoodtoavolunteer.Forexample,volunteeringoffersyouchancestodevelopability,skillandpersonalstrengths.Aspartofavolunteergroup,yougetfirst­­handexposuretouseandlearncommunicationandteamworkdynamics.第五模块│题型探究该段主题句““Volunteeringdoesmuchgoodtoavolunteer”的关键词为““muchgood”。但显然该空空不宜填Good。事实上根据据“doesmuchgood”可知此处是在在介绍“Volunteering”的作用或好处处，故应填：：Benefits/Advantages/Uses。再如，根据““Volunteeringisrequiredtopromotehumanrightsandequality,andrespecttherights,dignity(尊严)andcultureofothersaswell.”设表格如下：：第五模块│题型探究根据句中的关关键词“required”判断该空填Requirements，即将将原来来的过过去分分词形形式改改为名名词复复数形形式。。(2)根据文文中信信息词词判定定概括括词。。例如，，根据据how判断用用ways,tips,methods，solutions,etc.；根据据why,because,resultin,leadto,becausedby等判断断用reasons,causes；根据据inshort,allinall判断用用summary；根据据referto,be,becalled判断用用definition；根据据therefore,thus,so,asaresult判断用用result,conclusion；根据据find,discover判断用用findings。第五模模块│题型探探究例4[2009·湖南卷卷]Then,howtosolvetheproblems?Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprint,fromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyuse,throughselectingsustainable(可持续续使用用的)materialsandchoosinglocalsuppliers,torecycleandminimizewaste.Ontheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption.第五模模块│题型探探究第82空可以以根据据“Then,howtosolvetheproblems？”可可知本本处讲讲问题题的解解决方方法，，故可可判断断填Solutions/Methods。第五模模块│题型探探究探究点点三组组织织信息息题一、组组织信信息题题的特特点：：所谓组织信信息题，即即能从文中中找到信息息句，但需需转换原词词的词性或或另用新词词填空。例例如，根据据信息句““beresponsibleforyourownlearning,thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththoseofothergroupmembers.”判断填写““Take________forone’sownlearning””，显然该空空应填写““responsibility”，即为原句句中形容词词responsible的名词形式式，转换了了词性。组织信息题题的产生是是因为表格格中的表达达形式不同同于原文表表达所致。。因此，找找到答题信信息句后，，考生应注注意分析、、比较、推推敲表格与与原文在表表达上的异异同，从而而做出正确确的推第五模块│题型探究理判断。值值得注意的的是，所填填入的词或或短语不仅仅要求拼写写正确，符符合语法规规则，还要要确保上下下左右语义义一致。二、组织信信息题的答答题技巧：：组织信息题题的答题要要求更高，，难度更大大，要求考考生不仅要要有较强的的阅读能力力，还要有有丰富扎实实的英语语语言知识，，例如，要要掌握常用用同义词和和近义词、、必备的构构词法知识识和习惯搭搭配以及丰丰富的语法法知识等。。其具体答答题技巧有有：1．转换词词性：例例如动词词转换为为名词，，名词转转换为动动词或形形容词，，名词或或形容词词转换为为动词等等。例如如2007年高考湖湖南卷82题，根据据信息句句“Ontheother,students’expectationshaverisen.””将动词risen转换为名名词，确确定答案案为：Riseinexpectations。再如，，2006年高考湖湖南卷80题(fewerabsencesand__80__)，根据信信息句第五模块块│题型探究究“Theyalsohavefewerabsencesandarelesslikelytoblame.”可确定其其答案为为blame由动词转转换成名名词，即即：lessblame。2．用名词词所有格格“’’s”代替of所有格。。例如2005年高考湖湖南卷79题的下一一行“Babyboomers’’old­growing”就是将文文中表达达方式““theold­growingofthe‘babyboomers’’”用“’s”所有格代代替of所有格转转换而成成。3．后置定定语、补补语等转转化为前前置定语语：例如如将定语语从句转转化为前前置定语语或改为为非谓语语动词形形式作后后置定语语，名词词、形容容词、分分词作前前置定语语等。例例如2007年高考湖湖南卷84题，根据据信息句句“Theyaretryingtomakelivingconditionsbetter””将宾补better转为前置置定语确确定答案案为Betteringlivingconditions。再如2005年高考湖湖南卷81及第五模块块│题型探究究82题，根据据信息句句“Onelikelydevelopmentwillbe①agradualchangeinthefamilyunit…Theotherlikelydevelopmentwillbe②②achangeintheproportionofthenation’’sworkforce.”改用名词词作前置置定语，，分别转转换其表表达方式式为81.Familyunitchange；82.Workforceproportionchange。4．省略次次要信息息，提炼炼关键信信息。例例如2011年湖南卷卷的阅读读填空题题，将信信息句““Then,thelistenercanmakemultipleplaylistswithoutcreatinganaccount(账户)withthesite.””中的“withoutcreatinganaccount”进行简化可判判断76题(Makemultipleplaylists__76__)填“withoutanaccount”；将信息句““Inaddition,onecanenjoyvariousartprojectsthatpeoplehavecreatedondisplayforthe第五模块│题型探究restoftheworld”中的“enjoyvariousartprojects”进行简化可判判断79题(__79__ondisplay)填“Enjoyartprojects”。5．同义转换。。例如2010年高考湖南卷卷的阅读填空空题，根据信信息句“Theyusuallystartoutathalfthepayofajourneyman,andthepayincreasesgraduallyastheymovefurtheralonginthejobandstudies.”的“startout”可判断75题(halfthepayofajourneyman__75__)填“atthebeginning”。根据信息句句“Neartheendoftheapprenticeship,theirwagesareusually90percentofwhatajourneymanwouldreceive.”中的“whatajourneymanwouldreceive”可判断76题(90%of__76__neartheend)填“ajourneyman’swages””。应试点睛第五模块│应试点睛分析近几年高高考，湖南高高考英语阅读读填空试题稳稳中有变。由由此预测2012年湖南高考阅阅读填空试题题在选材上仍仍是话题符合合中学生价值值取向的描述述性说明文，，其结构清楚楚、脉络清晰晰，文章事实实线条较明显显，应具有较较明确的信息息度。在难度度上应与2011年持平。解答答时可遵循““四步法”：：第一步：分析析表格结构和和内容，准确确定位填空要要求，预测文文章的框架及及大意。首先可通过分分析表格或框框架结构及其其内容预测文文章布局谋篇篇及大意。根根据分析，再再读文章，可可使阅读时有有的放矢，提提高阅读效率率。第二步：快速速浏览，抓住住全文中心及及每段大意，，正确获取信信息。第五模块│应试点睛带着第一步的的预测快速浏浏览全文，把把握全文中心心及每段大意意，并注意从从各段画出解解题需要的有有效信息句，，为下一步答答题打下基础础。快速寻找有效效信息句的方方法主要有两两个：一是根根据试题在表表格中的顺序序确定有效信信息句在文章章中的大致位位置。二是善善于抓住图表表各栏目中所所给出的短语语关键词，有有针对性地带带着这些关键键词的提示到到文中相应段段落寻找有效效信息句。第三步：认真真分析表格，，借助已有信信息，有的放放矢答题。该步骤是答好好阅读填空题题的关键。根根据表格结构构，借助第二二步获得的阅阅读信息，按按照要求答题题。第五模块│应试点睛第四步：复查查。复查对提高答答题准确率很很重要，考生生千万不要遗遗漏这一步。。复查的主要要依据是看所所填答案是否否符合答题的的几条原则，，其中重点要要复查：1.是否超过3个单词；2.表达形式在语语法上是否一一致于同横纵纵栏目，横横纵栏目内的的表达信息是是否一致；3.单词有无拼写写错误，尤其其名词单复数数与动词形式式方面。专题阅读填空专题阅读填填空真题典例专题│真题典例[2011··湖南卷]Apersonsearchesvariouswebsitesfordifferentreasons,suchasschool,work,orentertainment.Forteenagers,manyinformativeresourcesontheInternetcanbeused.Asamatteroffact,thereareeducational,musicandartwebsitesthataretrulyhelpfultoteenagers,becausetheycanhelpmakeone’slifeeasier.Educationalwebsitesarehelpfultoateenagerindoingschoolworkandsearchingforacollege.Somecanhelpstudyingfortests,explainingalesson,anddoinghomework.Somecanhelpfindtherightschools专题│真题典例basedonone’sinterests.Andstillothershavepagesdevotedtothesociallifeateachofthecollegesorthespecificactivitiesthatoccuratacertainschool.Somefreemusicsitesenableateenagertodiversifytheirmusicaltastes.Onthesesites,alltypesofmusicareavailablesuchaspop，rock,jazz,andcountry.Onecantypeinasong,categoryorartistandhisorherentirecatalogappears.Then,thelistenercanmakemultipleplaylistswithoutcreatinganaccount(账户)withthesite.Therearevariousartwebsitesthatcanhelpstudentstoappreciateandcreateartpieces.Onthesesites,astudentcanviewnumerousphotosandartpiecesfromdifferentmediumsorcreateanaccount专题│真题典例withthewebsitetouploadtheirartpiecesforpeopletosee.Inaddition,onecanenjoyvariousartprojectsthatpeoplehavecreatedondisplayfortherestoftheworld.TrulyinformativeresourcesareofferedontheInternet.Thebestsuggestiononecanreceiveistotrytolookfornewwebsitesthatcanhelpintheeducational,music,orartarea,soonecanbecomewell­­roundedandinformed.专题│真题典例专题│真题典例【解析】1．informativeresources直接信息题题。根据第第一段Forteenagers,manyinformativeresourcesontheInternetcanbeused.可判断。2．doschoolwork转换信息题题。根据第第二段第一一句Educationalwebsitesarehelpfultoateenagerindoingschoolworkandsearchingforacollege.可判断。3．isinterestedin转换信息题题。根据第第二段Somecanhelpfindtherightschoolsbasedonone’sinterests.可判断。4．specificschoolactivities转换信息题题。根据第第二段Andstillothershavepagesdevotedtothesociallifeateachofthecollegesorthespecificactivitiesthatoccuratacertainschool.可判断。专题│真题典例5．enablingone转换信息题题。根据第第三段Somefreemusicsitesenableateenagertodiversifytheirmusicaltastes.可判断。6．withoutanaccount转换信息题题。根据第第三段Then,thelistenercanmakemultipleplaylistswithoutcreatinganaccount(账户)withthesite.可判断。7．Artsites直接信息题题。根据第第四段Therearevariousartwebsitesthatcanhelpstudentstoappreciateandcreateartpieces.可判断。8．Uploadartpieces转换信息题题。根据第第四段Onthesesites,astudentcanviewnumerousphotosandartpiecesfromdifferentmediumsorcreateanaccountwiththewebsitetouploadtheirartpiecesforpeopletosee.可判断。专题│真题典例9．Enjoyartprojects转换换信信息息题题。。根根据据第第四四段段Inaddition,onecanenjoyvariousartprojectsthatpeoplehavecreatedondisplayfortherestoftheworld.可判判断断。。10．well­­roundedandinformed直接接信信息息题题。。根根据据最最后后一一段段Thebestsuggestiononecanreceiveistotrytolookfornewwebsitesthatcanhelpintheeducational,music,orartarea,soonecanbecomewell­­roundedandinformed.可判判断断。。新题预测专题题│新题题预预测测(一)Scientistsagreethatsmokingisdangerous.Thosewhosmoketoomuchmaynotlivelong.Smokingmaycausemanydiseases.Themostseriousoneislungcancer.Smokingcostsagreatdealofmoney.Smokingdoesnotjustharmthesmoker;italsoharmspeoplenearbywhobreatheinthesmoke.Smokerschoosetosmoke,butnonsmokershavetosmokepassively.Itisestimatedthatthousandsofpeoplewhohaveneversmokeddieeachyearfromdiseasescausedbybreathingsecond­­handtobaccosmoke.专题│新题预测测Smokingbanscanbeseenaroundtheworld—mostlyinEurope.Thebanswouldencouragesmokerstosmokelessorgiveup.Atthesametimeithelpspreventnonsmokersfrombeingexposedtosecond­handsmoke.Fromthebeginningofthisyear,Francestartedanewsmokingbaninpublicplaces—atrestaurants,bars,hotels,casinos,discos,andcafes.Smokerswhoclingtotheirnicotinewillfacefinesof68euros($88)forlightingupinthewrongplace,whilebusinessownerswillbefined135euros.InItaly,barandrestaurantownerswillfacefinesofuptonearlythreethousanddollarsifanyoftheirguestslightup.Increasedcigarettetaxesaretheleadingfactor专题│新题预测测contributingtothesteadydeclineinthesmokingratesincethelate1990sintheUnitedStates.Butothercountriesaroundtheworlddon’thaveregulationsonsmokinginpublicordon’’tenforcethemstrictly.Thebanhasrunintoopposition,obviouslyfromsmokers.Asmokingbanviolates(侵犯)therightsofsmokersandcausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.Somebarownersanddiscooperatorsworryabanonsmokinginpublicplaceswouldcauseadropinbusiness.Howmanypeople’sjobswillthisaffect?Ifallsmokersgiveupsmoking,wecanenjoycleanerair.专题│新题预测测专题│新题预测测【解析】1．Smokingbans综合全文文可判断断。2．Harm/Dangersfromsmoking综合右栏栏内容可可判断。。3．Causing(many)diseases根据第一一段Smokingmaycausemanydiseases.Themostseriousoneislungcancer.可判断。。4．non­­smokers/peoplenearby根据第一一段italsoharmspeoplenearbywhobreatheinthesmoke或butnonsmokershavetosmokepassively可判断。。5．Smokingpassively根据第一一段butnonsmokershavetosmokepassively可判断。。6．88根据第二二段Smokerswhoclingtotheir专题│新题预测测nicotinewillfacefinesof68euros($88)forlightingupinthewrongplace可判断。。7．TheUnitedStates根据第二二段Increasedcigarettetaxesaretheleadingfactorcontributingtothesteadydeclineinthesmokingratesincethelate1990sintheUnitedStates.可判断。。8．Violatingtheirrights根据第三三段Asmokingbanviolates(侵犯)therightsofsmokersandcausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.可判断。。9．Thebusinessowners根据第三三段Somebarownersanddiscooperatorsworryabanonsmokinginpublicplaceswouldcauseadropinbusiness.可判断断。10．Conclusion根据最最后一一段可可判断断。专题│新题预预测(二)Somechildrenarenatural­bornbosses.Theyhaveastrongneedtomakedecisions,managetheirenvironment,andleadratherthanfollow.StephenJackson,aYearOnestudent,““operatesunderthetheoryofwhat’’smineismineandwhat’’syoursismine，”sayshismother.““TheotherdayIboughttwonewStarWarslightsabers(剑).Later,IsawStephenwiththetwonewoneswhilehisbrotherwasusingthebeat­­upones.”“Examinetheextendedfamily,andyou’llprobablyfindabossygrandparent,aunt,uncleorcousinineverygeneration.It’saninheritabletrait，”says专题│新题预预测RussellBarkley,aprofessorattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina.Otherchildrenwhomaynotbeparticularlybossycangraduallygaindominance(支配地地位)whentheysensetheirparentsareweak,hesitant,orindisagreementwitheachother.Whetherit’’sinbornnatureordevelopedcharacteratwork,toomuchcontrolinthehandsoftheyoungisn’thealthyforchildrenorthefamily.““Fearisattherootofalotofbossybehaviour，”saysfamilypsychologistJohnTaylor.““Children，”hesaysinhisbookFromDefiancetoCooperation,“havesecretfeelingsofweaknessandadesiretofeelsafe.It’stheparents’roletoprovidethatprotection.”专题│新题预预测Whena““bosschild””doesn’tlearnlimitsathome,thestageissetforahostoftroublesoutsidethefamily.Theoverlywillfulandunbendingchildmayhavetroubleobeyingteachersorcoaches,forexample,ortroublekeepingfriends.Itcanbeprettylonelyasthetopdogifnoonelikesyourbossyways.“Iseemoreandmoreparentsgivinguptheirpower，”saysBarkley,whohasstudiedbossybehaviorformorethan30years.““Theybendtoofarbecausetheydon’’twanttobeasstrictastheirownparentswere.Buttheyalsofeellessconfidentabouttheirparentingskills.Theirkids,inturn,feelmoreanxious.””专题│新题预测Soforthesakeofthechildren,parentsshouldbestrictwiththeminasuitablewayandgetmoreknowledgetobegoodparents.专题│新题预测专题│新题预测【解析】1．Bossychildren综合全文可可判断。2．Natural­born根据第一段段第一句Somechildrenarenatural­bornbosses.可判断。3．Managingtheirenvironment根据第一段段Theyhaveastrongneedtomakedecisions,managetheirenvironment,andleadratherthanfollow.可判断。4．learninglimits根据第四段段Whena“bosschild”doesn’tlearnlimitsathome可判断。5．Causes/Reasons综合右栏内内容可判断断。6．(Feelingsof)Weakness根据第三段段havesecretfeelingsofweaknessandadesiretofeelsafe可判断。专题│新题预测7．Lessconfidence根据倒数第第二段Buttheyalsofeellessconfidentabouttheirparentingskills.可判断。8．lonelyandanxious综合倒数第第三段Itcanbeprettylonelyasthetopdogifnoonelikesyourbossyways.和倒数第二二段Theirkids,inturn,feelmoreanxious可判断。9．Suggestions/Tips/Advice综合右栏内内容可判断断。10．goodparents根据最后一一段结尾getmoreknowledgetobegoodparents可判断。专题│新题预测(三)Themotorvehiclehaskilledanddisabledmorepeopleinitsbriefhistorythananybomborweaponeverinvented.Muchofthebloodonthestreetflowsessentiallyfromcarelessandrudebehaviorofdriverswhorefusestorespectthelegalandmoralrightsofothers.Sothetrafficaccidentsontheroadmayberegardedasasocialproblem.Infact,theenemiesofsocietyonwheelsareratherharmlesspeople——justordinarypeopleactingcarelessly,youmightsay.Butitisaprinciplebothoflawandcommonmoralitythatcarelessnessisnoexcusewhenone’’sactionscouldbringdeathordamagetoothers.Aminorityofthekillersgoevenbeyond专题题│新题题预预测测carelessnesstototalnegligence(疏忽忽)．Researchershaveestimatedthatasmanyas80percentofallautomobileaccidentscanbeattributedt