准确落实科学备考

准确落实科学备考准确落实科学备考准确落实科学备考

王勇中学英语高级教师，昆明市第一中学英语教研组长；云南省级中学英语骨干教师，云南省级优秀教师，昆明市优秀教育工作者；昆明市高考指导专家，昆明一中高三全国联考命题组长；曾参加教育部首届中学英语骨干教师国家级培训，进修于英国布莱丁学院；所教学生高考和竞赛成绩优异；获云南省首届高中英语教师课堂教学竞赛二等奖，多篇论文发表于国家和省级核心刊物并获省、市级一等奖。---解读2016年全国《高考大纲》、《考试说明》和《试题分析》；---探索命题规律和2016年新课标全国Ⅱ卷命题方向；---讨论高三第二轮复习策略及增分方法。1《考试大纲》《大纲说明》《试题分析》1.1认识1.2相互关系《考试大纲》制定高考英语考试内容和要求。

《大纲说明》是对《考试大纲》的诠释。对考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构作具体说明。

《考试大纲》“要求词汇量为3500左右”，同时说明:“各省(自治区、直辖市)可以根据本地实际情况在《考试说明》中对词汇量进行适当调整，但不得低于3000个单词。同时，应制订计划，在一定时间内分期、分批增加至3500个单词。

abandon《试题分析》是对前一年高考试卷的构成、难点、题型特点、考点分布以及篇目词数等进行详细分析，同时会对当年试卷相关问题作预测和说明。“近几年的高考英语试卷一直将整体难度稳定在0.55左右，能够在较大程度上发挥为高效选拔人才的作用。今年的难度仍然稳定在以往水平上，试卷一和二的难度分别为0.56和0.48；试卷中难、中、易实体店分布情况为20%、50%和30%，......”“‘语法填空’部分突出考查了考生在具体语境中运用语法知识的能力，所有考点均是中学英语教学中常用的基础知识和重点内容。”1.3《大纲说明》作用《大纲说明》是高考真题命题的直接依据，也是很多高质量模拟题的命题依据；同时也是复习训练的重要依据。明确题目类型、考点分布和试题结构等

---词数期间：阅读A、B、C、D总数不少于900词（每篇最长不超过350词，一般每篇在270-330词之间）；七选五约300词；完形填空约250词（2015：约260词）；综合填空200左右词；短文改错月100词；书面表达100词左右（一般在110-120之间）。---书面表达“提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。”近年提纲式的书信居多。各题时间安排的参考价值部分节题目数量分数时间(分钟)第一部分(阅读理解)第一节（普通）153035第二节（七选五）510第二部分(语言知识运用)第一节（完形）203030第二节（综合）1015第三部分(写作)第一节（改错）101035第二节（表达）125合计60＋1120100书面表达评分标准2014年、2015和2016年词汇对比

命题和复习的词汇以《大纲说明》为依据，而不是以《考试大纲》为依据。年份20142015/2016比较总词汇量30373461增加424reject,relateappendix？compass？infer？《大纲说明》第二点变化《大纲说明》第三条:2014年“根据上下文推断生词的词义”2015年和2016年“根据上下文推断生词和短语的词义”《大纲说明》第三点变化综合填空的题目要求:2014年“...在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。”2015年和2016年“...在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。”2淡化语法，如何做到平衡需要明确观点:---取消了单项选择题，语法仍需要讲；---准确理解语句、篇章仍需要扎实的语法功底；---做完形、综合填空、短文改错、书面表达等仍需要借助语法；---但语法学习需要调整重难点。2.1取消一些较偏的语法内容关系副词前用介词的情况有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系where/when前加介词from,to,by,since等。Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.JaneisbackinMay,by___thenewhouseshouldbefinished.(08四川延考)A.whichB.that C.whom D.when关于that/which的区别2.2仍需要强调一些重要的项目四大关系(句子/短语相互关系的四种情况)what分解意义上相当于：what=先行词＋which/thatIgaveherjustthemoneythatsheneeded.→Igaveherwhatsheneeded.具体分解用法：…的事/物=thethingthat=all/everythingthat...的距离=thedistancethat……的时间=thetimethat……的地方=theplacethat…HisfirststopwasinwhatistodayapartofVietnam.他的第一站是现在属于越南的一个地方。…的人=thepersonthat….WhoisitthathasmadeFriedwhatheisnow?

是谁把弗雷德培养成现在的样子？…的数目=thenumberthat;…的价格=thepricethat……的速度=thespeedthat转换“一……就……”assoonasat+名词atthenewson/upon+动名词/名词Ongettinghome,shebegantocook.Onhisarrival,westartedtowork.名词连词化(含time的短语)：

themoment/theinstant(=assoonas);theday,theyear,theminute,thesecond；everytime,eachtime,anytime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,thefirst/secondtime,bythetimeHedidn’ttellmeanythingthelasttimeIsawhim.副词连词化immediately/instantly/directly=assoonas,Directlyshegotmymessage,mysistercame.句式型nosooner…than,hardly/barely/scarcely…whenShehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.空间位置关系先行词表空间位置地点对象事件→三维体situation,case,point,activity,position,condition,stage,scene(场面、出事地点),occasion(场合、特殊事件或仪式),degree,part,sport,system观察：Thetworiversjoinatthispoint.

这两条河流在这一地点汇合。Thepatientwillstayinhospitaluntilhereachesthepoint___hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.whichB.whereC.howD.why改错：Wehavereachedapointthatachangeisneeded.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity___sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.whereHe’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation___heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.where B.which C.while D.why

不要脱离大纲、大纲说明及基本的语言运用做过分所谓系统的语法扩展。语法应定为于为准确理解和表达服务。

年轻老师如果不太清楚如何把握重难点、不知如何取舍，就要多研究真题、多请教老教师。3各类题型需要注意的问题阅读理解主旨题把握文章主题句和主题段三大特点：概括性、针对性、新颖性(标题型主旨)。集合法则文章主旨：

集合M四个选项:集合A集合B集合C集合DYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplacesandsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclockortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalores(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyouareatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizedthedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneaslymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,windglassthanatall,skinnyglass.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsyourHouseMakingYouFat?

B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-Consciousness

D.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

集合M住房环境对身材有一定影响……元素1把家变成节食计划一部分的几种方法……元素2增加房间的亮度……元素2.1将房间刷成冷色……元素2.2放慢用餐速度……元素2.3选用小盘和小汤匙…元素2.4错误答案B.WaysofServingDinnerB=S错误答案C.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessC=S错误答案D.IsyourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?D=S正确答案A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?A=S=M推理题infer?learnfrom?learnabout?imply?suggest?Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Whatcanweinferfromthetext?的区别言外之意归纳总结文字转换细节题张冠李戴无中生有偷梁换柱猜词题两题下划线题？一题猜词；另一题是对语句、短语、词组的理解。趋势近几年不太考:段落主旨WhatisWRONG?WhatisNOTRIGHT?WhatisTRUE?事件顺序事件数目后续推断3.2完形填空及七选五以完形填空为例一类是：受制于前/后（特点：跨段、字面提示）；二类是：小语境定位（特点：本句、相邻句或本段）；三类是：大语境定位（特点：干扰项符合小语境、但不符合大语境；正确选项两者兼顾，大语境的准确把握需要准确概括文章主旨）

Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyourealywant42somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe43ofseeingthisfirsthandona44

Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso45atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome46experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams47trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her48didnotgetonseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I49seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,50stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe51betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey52fortheirSundaygame,theywere53different.Theyhadbegun

integrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad54thedaybeforeintotheir55.Theyplayedaggressivelyand56scoredagoal.It57methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat58momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.59isthebestteacher.Thelessonsthey

maynotbe60whattheywouldhavegotteninschool.Butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,

becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.

Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyourealywant42somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe43ofseeingthisfirsthandona44Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso45atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome46experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams47trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her48didnotgetonseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I49seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,50stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe51betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey52fortheirSundaygame,theywere53different.Theyhadbegun

integrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad54thedaybeforeintotheir55.Theyplayedaggressivelyand56scoredagoal.It57methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat58momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.59isthebestteacher.Thelessonsthey

maynotbe60whattheywouldhavegotteninschool.Butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,

becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.

Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyourealywant42somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe43ofseeingthisfirsthandona44Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso45atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome46experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams47trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her48didnotgetonseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I49seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,50stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe51betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey52fortheirSundaygame,theywere53different.Theyhadbegun

integrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad54thedaybeforeintotheir55.Theyplayedaggressivelyand56scoredagoal.It57methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat58momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.59isthebestteacher.Thelessonsthey

maynotbe60whattheywouldhavegotteninschool.Butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,

becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.3.4综合填空四大关系(句子/短语相互关系的四种情况)并列句逗号+并列连词Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.HoweverIcookeggs,shestillrefusestoeatthem.鸡蛋我不论用什么方法做，她仍然不吃。Youareteachers,whileI’mastudent.Itisverygood,yetitcanbebetter.这很好，但还能精益求精。Ourachievementsarethemainthinginourwork,andyettherearenotafewshortcomingsandmistakes.在我们的工作中间成绩是主要的，但是缺点和错误也还不少。Tomiscomingheretootomorrow,soyoumightaswellcomewithher.Tom明天也到这里来，你不妨同她一道来。用分号Wefishedallday;

wedidn’tcatchathing.Havedifferentpeopleblowintothebottleandmarkthewaterleveleachtime;thatwillshowyouwhohasthelargestlungvolumeandwhohasthesmallest。用分号：（后跟一个连接副词+逗号）：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.前后两句之间有句号

Wefishedallday.Wedidn’tcatchathing.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.前后两分别是主、从句定词从句：(不能加入and,but,so,so等)名词性从句状语从句一部分是句子，另一部分是短语作状语介词短语作状语Withtherightskills,findingajobinthecomputerindustryshouldn’tbeasdifficult.(短语前不能用连词)

形容词作状语

Hehurriedintotheclassroom,hungryandtired.(短语前不能用连词)非谓语形式作状语Beingill,shedoesn’tgotoschool.Ladiesandgentlemen,Itisagreatpleasuretowelcomeyouallheretoday.Iamgreatly61(honor)torepresentourcollegetoopenthisnewschool.Untilnow,therehasnotbeenaninternationalschoolatthiscollege.Therearealargenumberofpeoplewhomwemustthank.Inthelastfewyears,they62(devote)alotoftimetothisnewschool.Theyhaveworkedwithgreat63(determine)tohavethisbuildingfinishedintimefortheschoolyear64(start)inSeptember.Itis

agreatpleasurethatProfessorBlockisheretoday,65researchindiseasesofthebloodwonher66NobelPrize.Soitwasgoodnewsforallofusthatshewaswillingthatthisfineschoolwouldbenamedafterherand67(call)TheBlockInternationalSchool.Thisautumn,thisschoolwillwelcome176newstudents.However,somemoreworkremains68(do).WehopethatinthenextfiveyearswewillbeabletoopenanothernewschoolforSouth-easterncountries.Today,Ihopethatyouwillenjoyyourvisit69thisnewschool.Pleaseexplorethenewbuildingandadmiretheexcellentlaboratoriesandlecturehalls.What’sthe70(importance)isthatduringtodayyouwillmeetoldfriendsandmakenewones.Finally,withgreatpleasure,InowdeclaretheBlockInternationalSchoolopen.考前给学生归纳构词法涉及able去掉e，加ablebelieve―believable(注意unbelievable),value―valuableadvise―advisable（明智的，能劝告的），desire―desirable（渴望的，有欲望的）achieve―achievable（做得成的，可完成的，可有成就的）forgive―forgivable可宽恕的―unforgivable不可原谅的，难以饶恕的admire―admirable值得赞扬的、令人钦佩的，极好的love―lovable可爱的，惹人爱的考前给学生归纳构词法涉及able保留e，加ableknowledge―knowledgeable,change―changeable,notice―noticeable词尾没有e，直接加ableprefer―preferable,favour―favourable赞许的、有利的,respect―respectable可敬的（对比respected受尊敬的、受敬重的、受重视的；respectful恭敬的、有礼貌的）accept―acceptable可接受的,eat―eatable可吃的,suit―suitable考前给学生归纳构词法涉及able重读闭音节，且只有一个辅音字母结尾forget―forgettable(注意unforgettable),regret―regrettable令人遗憾的、可惜的（对比regretful后悔的、失望的、遗憾的）改y为i，加able考前给学生归纳构词法涉及ment去掉e，加mentargue―argument,其余的直接加mentachieve―achievement,state―statement,encourage―encouragement,amaze―amazement,arrange―arrangemente可有可无judge―judg(e)ment考前给学生归纳构词法动词变副词，先变为形容词，再变为副词excite―excited―excitedly,surprise―surprising―surprisingly,repeat―repeated―repeatedly特殊拼写词four―forty,nine―ninth―ninthly,twelve―twelfth,twenty―twentieth易拼写错的词congratulations,convenient,fortunate,favor,考前给学生归纳构词法涉及ly

ful结尾，直接加lycareful―carefully,successful―successfully,beautiful―beautifully,thankful―thankfullyal结尾，直接加lyactual―actually,official―officially,gradual―gradually,special―speciallyespecial―especially,annual―annually考前给学生归纳构词法涉及ly

e结尾，直接加lyimmediate―immediately,complete―completely,extreme―extremely,absolute―absolutely,fortunate―fortunately(注意unfortunately),rare―rarely,entire―entirely,strange―strangely,secure―securely改y为i，加lysteady―steadily(注意steady―unsteadily),angry―angrily,easy―easily考前给学生归纳构词法涉及ly

去e，加lytrue―truly（注意true―truth）以le结尾，去e，加yprobable―probably,able―ably,simple―simply,possible―possiblygentle―gently,profitable（有利的，可赚钱的）―

profitably（有利地，有益地），其它加lywild―wildly，dead―deadly（致命的）考前给学生归纳构词法形容词变名词加tysafe―safety,honest―honesty,加itypopular―popularity,特殊various―variety考前给学生归纳构词法动词去e，＋al变名词arrive―arrival,approve―approval（赞成，认可），survive―survivalpropose―proposal动词以te结尾，去e，加ion，变名词absolute―absolution,考前给学生归纳构词法重读闭音节，且只有一个辅音字母结尾单音节词shop―shopping,get―getting,let―letting,plan―planning,chat―chatting,quit―quitting,dig―digging,ban―banning―banned,spot―spotted考前给学生归纳构词法重读闭音节，且只有一个辅音字母结尾双音节词permit―permitted,refer―referring,infer―inferring,occur―occurring,control―controlled―controlling,admit―admitting,prefer―preferred,begin―beginning,forget―forgetting(注意forgettable,unforgettable),regret―regretted,考前给学生归纳构词法形容词或名词+en/n，变动词deep―deepen,sharp―sharpen,strength―strengthen,wide―widen注意write―wrote―written―writing3.5短文改错3.5.1借助四大关系1.Walkedslowlyalongastreet,Mr.Smith,awarm-heartedoldman,sawalittleboytryingtoreachadoorbellthatwastoohighforhim.（1处错）2.Tryingtobefriendlytopeopleyoumeetandshowinterestinwhattheyaredoing.（1处错）3.Theyhadagoodteacher,hewascurioustofindouthowthingshappened.（1处错）3.5短文改错3.5.1借助四大关系4.Shewaswalkinginaquietstreetwhenamanwithakniferunnningtowardsher.（1处错）5.Boysandgirls,pleaseremainseatingandkeepquietuntiltheelectricitysupplyreturnstonormal.（1处错）6.Dressingintheirshooluniform,thestudentsareproudoftheirschool.(1处错）7.Bydrinkingaglassofwaterbeforegoingtosleep,youcanwakeupwithyourbodyfunctionedasitshouldbe.（1处错）3.5短文改错设点间距至少三个词；坚持只有一缺、一多原则；坚持一句不超两处错误的原则；观察分布：时态、语态、非谓语、名词单复数、形容词/副词、代词(指代混乱)、语句逻辑关系基本各有一处；介词、冠词、连词、主谓一致、固定搭配轮流考查。注意2011年有情态动词的设置。今年，虚拟？符号、书写规范。3.6书面表达突出主题分类佳句模仿采用分类背默的方法课堂背默限时、书写要求、评分、不合格补写

感谢信1致谢I’mwritingtoexpressmysinceregratitudefor___.2.1珍惜/赞美(付出/礼物)I'dlikeyoutoknowhowmuchyoumeanttome.Youhaveapositivegenius(天才、天赋)for…2.2影响Withoutyourhelp/involvement,IfearthatIwouldhavebeen_____.Ishalleverremember…asoneof