高考冲刺英语阅读理解课堂练（23）答案解析

2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练（23）PassageForty--Five(Fingerprints)

Thesearchforlatentprintsisdoneinasystematicandintelligentmanner.Investigatorsdeveloptechniquestolocatetracesoffingerprintsatacrimescene.Thebasicpremiseinsearchingforlatentprintsistoexaminemorecarefullythoseareas,whichwouldmostlikelybetouchedbypersonswhohavebeenonthescene.Thenaturalmannerinwhichapersonwoulduseandplacehishandsinmakinganentranceorexitfromabuildingorinhandlinganyobjectisthekeytothediscoveryoflatentprints.

Whereaforcedentrancehasbeenmade,latentprintsarelikelytobefoundonanysurfaceadjacenttooratthatpoint.Anyobjectwithasmooth,non-poroussurfaceislikelytoretainlatentprintsiftouched.Fingerprintsonroughsurfacesareusuallyoflittlevalue.Ifthefingermarkdoesnotdiscloseridgedetailwhenviewedunderareadingglass,thechancesarethatitsvalueinidentificationisnilwhenphotographed.Wherefingermarksarefound,itwillbenecessaryfortheinvestigatortocomparethemagainsttheonesofpersonshavinglegitimateaccesstothepremisessothatthetracesmightbeeliminatedashavingevidentiaryvalueiftheyprovetobefromthesepersons.Placestosearchforprintsonanautomobilearetherearviewmirror,steeringwheelhub,steeringcolumn,windshielddashboardandthelike.

Dustingofsurfacemaybedonewithafinebrushorwithanatomizer.Thewhitpowdersusedarebasicallyfinelypowderedwhitelead,talc,orchalk.AnotherlightpowderisbasicallyChemist’sgray.Agoodblackpowderiscomposedoflampblack,graphite,andpowderedacacia.Dragon’sbloodisgoodpowderforwhitesurfaceandcanbefixedonpaperbyheating.Indevelopinglatentprints,theacceptedmethodistousethepowdersparinglyandbrushlightly.Donotusepowderifthefingermarkisvisibleunderobliquelighting.Itcanbephotographed.Agoodpolicyforthenoviceistoexperimentwithhisownprintsonasurfacesimilartotheonehewishestosearchinordertodeterminethepowderbestsuitedtothesurface.Fingerprintsafterdustingmaybeliftedbyusingfreshcellulosetapeorcommerciallypreparedmaterialespeciallydesignedtoliftandtransferdustedlatentfingerprints.

Inadditiontolatentprints,theinvestigatormustnotoverlookthepossibilityoftwoothertypesoffingerprinttraces:moldedimpressionandvisibleimpression.Moldedimpressionsareformedbythepressureofthefingeruponcomparativelysoft,pliable,orplasticsurfacesproducinganactualmoldofthefingerprintpattern.Thesecanberecordedbyphotographwithouttreatingthesurface,isusuallymosteffectiveinrevealingtheimpressionsclearly.Visibleimpressionsareformedwhenthefingeriscoveredwithsomesubstancewhichistransferredtothesurfacecontacted.Fingerssmearedwithblood,grease,dirt,paint,andthelikewillleaveavisibleimpression.Iftheseimpressionsareclearandsharp,theyarephotographedunderlightwithoutanttreatment.Ordinarily,printsofthistypeareblurredorsmearedanddonotcontainenoughdetailforidentificationbycomparison.However,theycannotbeoverlookedorbrushedasidewithoutfirstbeingexaminedcarefully.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Visibleimpressions.

B.Mouldedimpressions.C.Fingerprints.

D.Latentfingerprints.2.Howmanyfingermarksarementionedinthispassage?A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.3.Whichtypeoffingerprintsismostlikelytoretain?A.Latentfingerprints.

B.Visibleimpressions.C.Mouldedimpressions.

D.Clearfingerprints.4.Howmanywaysaretheretodevelopfingerprints?A.2.

B.3.

C.4.

D.5.Vocabulary1.

latentprint

潜在指纹2.

premise

前提3.

non-porous

无孔的，不渗透的4.

ridge

脊，隆起部5.

nil

无，零6.

premise

房屋及其附属部件7.

rearviewmirror

后视镜8.

steeringwheelhub

驾驶盘9.

steeringcolumn

转向柱10.

windshield

挡风玻璃11.

dashboard

仪表盘，挡泥板12.

atomizer

喷雾器13.

talc

滑石14.

lampblack

灯黑，灯烟15.

acacia

阿拉伯树胶，金合欢胶16.

dragonsblood

龙血树脂，麒麟血17.

sparingly

少量的，节约的18.

novice

新手，初学者19.

cellulosetape

纤维带，指纹胶带20.

lift

提起，拿起。这里指取下指纹。21.

moldedimpression

模性压痕22.

visibleimpression

可见压痕23.

pliable

柔韧的，柔顺的24.

smear

搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清难句译注1.Thebasicpremiseinsearchingforlatentprintsistoexaminemorecarefullythoseareas,whichwouldmostlikelybetouchedbypersonswhohavebeenonthescene.[结构简析]句子长是因为有两个定语从句：which和who；which修饰areas;who修饰persons.[参考译文]搜寻潜手印的基本前提是：要非常仔细的检查那些最可能为曾到过现场的人所触摸的地方。2.

Ifthefingermarkdoesnotdiscloseridgedetailwhenviewedunderareadingglass,thechancesarethatitsvalueinidentificationisnilwhenphotographed.[结构简析]条件句，主从句中都有一个when+过去分词句型。第一个直接紧跟从句，第二个在主句的表语后面。译时根据其所在位置。[参考译文]假如指印在放大镜下观察时没有显露隆起部分的细节（不显露指纹纹理），那很可能，在摄影时其鉴别价值等于零。3.Wherefingermarksarefound,itwillbenecessaryfortheinvestigatortocomparethemagainsttheonesofpersonshavinglegitimateaccesstothepremisessothatthetracesmightbeeliminatedashavingevidentiaryvalueiftheyprovetobefromthesepersons.[结构简析]复合句，前面是主从句，where…itwillbenecessary,从句sothat中又有一个条件句，ifthey…。[参考译文]如果发现了指印，检查人员就必须把发现的指印和有权进入房屋的人的指印作比较。如果指印证实是来自这些人的，那么作为证据价值的线索就可排除掉。4.Agoodblackpowderiscomposedoflampblack,graphite,andpowderedacacia.Dragon’sbloodisgoodpowderforwhitesurfaceandcanbefixedonpaperbyheating.Indevelopinglatentprints,theacceptedmethodistousethepowdersparinglyandbrushlightly.Donotusepowderifthefingermarkisvisibleunderobliquelighting.Itcanbephotographed.Agoodpolicyforthenoviceistoexperimentwithhisownprintsonasurfacesimilartotheonehewishestosearchinordertodeterminethepowderbestsuitedtothesurface.[结构简析]句子长，因为表语中有形容词短语similarto,而to的宾语又有一个省略which的定从hewishestosearch..此外副词短语inorderto…的宾语也有一个修饰的分词短语bestsuited.[参考译文]对新手来说，最好的办法就是用自己在类似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一个实验，以确定最适用于这种表面的粉末。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍在犯罪现场搜寻“（潜）指印”的文章。采用平铺直叙步步深入的写作方式。头两段先介绍经常会有“潜指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽车的后视镜，方向盘等。屋内光滑无孔的物体，如若接触就会留有潜指印，但粗糙物体的潜指印就没有价值，放大镜下不显现纹理的指印也无价值，就得看摄影显示决定。接着，介绍运用白粉，黑粉轻拂扫，新鲜纤维带把潜手印取下的种种方法和步骤。最后一段介绍了除潜手印外还有两种不能忽略的手印：模性和可见压痕及其形成和取证方法。答案详解1.

C.指印，不管哪一种。A.可见压痕。

B.模性压痕。

C.潜指印，都属于指印。所以最佳的标题应是指印。2.B.三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。3.

A.潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第三段描写取潜指印可见一般。B.和C.见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。”D.清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。4.A.两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”PassageForty--Six(TheYoungGeneration)

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans,whosaidthathumandifferencecanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot‘sinful’.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure;toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?1.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?A.Bettereducated.

B.Moremoneyandfreedom.C.Independence.

D.Hardwork.2.Whatsotheyoungrejectmost?A.Values.

B.Theassumptionoftheelders.C.Conformity.

C.Conventionalideas.3.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.B.Theydislikethepast.C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.4.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.

B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.C.Menmightenjoylife.

D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork.Vocabulary1.

reminder

使共回想起某事的东西，提示者2.

complacency

自鸣得意，自满情结3.

takeleave

擅自，任意，随意

Itookleavetoconsiderthismattersettled.

请原谅我认为这事已经解决了。4.

conformity

与……一致，遵从5.

guilt

有罪，内疚6.

ridden

（ride的过去分词）受……支配的，受……压迫7.

guilt-ridden

负罪感8.

amass

积累，积聚9.

arat-race

激烈的竞争10.

shrugoff

对……耸肩表示不屑一理，轻视，摆脱11.

spotless

无污点的，纯洁的12.

shed

摆脱，抛弃13.

annihilate

歼灭14.

bequeath

赠送，把……传给后代15.

sanity