2022年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2022年考研英语二真题及答案解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET1.(10points)HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou’reawriter,you’llfindthetime;andthatifyoucan’tfindthetime,thenwritingisn’tapriorityandyou’renotawriter.Forhim,writingisa1job,ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing,pointingoutthataplumberdoesn’twakeupandsaythathecan’tworkwithpipestoday.3,likemostwritersthesedays,you’reholdingdownajobtopaythebills,it’snot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butit’snotimpossible.Itrequiresdeterminationandsingle-mindedness.5thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingincome.AsHarlanCobenhassuggestedit’sa8ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,you'llhaveto9someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto12theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You’llhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily,time-consuming14.There’llprobablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourwithyourfamily.It’sa15learningcurve,anditwon’talwaysmakeyoupopular.There’sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor16yourwritingandthat’sreading.Anywriteneedstoreadasmachandaswidelyastheycan.It’stheone17supporter-somethingyoucan’tdowithout.Timeisfinite,theolderyouyet,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas19aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingoutactivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyouareawriter,thatmeans20writing.1.[A]difficult2.[A]combined3.[A]If4.[A]enough5.[A]Accept6.[A]well-known7.[A]donate8.[A]cause[B]normal[C]steady[C]confused[C]Once[D]pleasant[D]confronted[D]Unless[B]compared[B]Through[B]strange[B]Explain[B]well-advised[B]generate[B]purpose[B]sacrifice[B]interests[C]wrong[D]easy[C]Remember[C]well-informed[C]supplement[C]question[C]continue[C]memories[D]Suppose[D]well-chosen[D]calculate[D]condition[D]explore[D]skills9.[A]highlight10.[A]relations11.[A]until[B]because[B]makeupfor[B]occasional[B]test[C]while[D]before12.[A]putupwith13.[A]intelligent14.[A]habit[C]hangonto[C]intensive[C]decision[C]rapid[D]cutdownon[D]emotional[D]plan15.[A]tough[B]gentle[D]funny16.[A]inadditionto17.[A]indispensable18.[A]duller[B]inchargeof[B]innovative[B]harder[C]inresponseto[C]invisible[C]quieter[D]inadditionto[D]instant[D]quicker[D]gratefully19.[A]peacefully[B]generously[C]productivelySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown’s40windsweptacresinShiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Othersdrinkwaterwiththecows.Thisallseemsrandom,butit’sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6.1billionU.S.eggindustrybetswillbeitsnextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs.Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8adozen,arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly,butthey’realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusingregenerativeagriculture—specialtechniquestocultivaterichsoilsthatcantrapgreenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelpingtofightclimatechange.“I’mexcitedaboutourprogress,”saysBrown,whoharvestseggsforDenver-basedNestFreshEggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirds’wastethenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers.”Theeggindustry’spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.Inbarelymorethanadecade,organiceggswentfrombeingdismissedasanicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedintomajorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful,itcouldopenthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptistoughtodefinequickly,saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,improvementtothefoodproducts(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchasfree-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembracesustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange,andsomeofthesuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironment.Youngadults“reallycareabouttheplanet,”saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEggInnovations.“TheyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeventheyunderstandwhatthey’redoing.”21.Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced______.[A]ataconsiderablylowcost[B]atthedemandofregularshoppers[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms[C]asareplacementfororganiceggs22.LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin______.[A]reducingthedamageofclimatechange[B]acceleratingthedisposalofwaste[C]creatingasustainablesystem23.TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest______.[A]thedoubtsovernaturalfeeds[B]thesetbacksintheeggindustry[D]attractingcustomerstohisproducts[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts[D]thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets24.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople______.[A]arereluctanttochangetheirdiet[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs[C]arecuriousaboutnewfood[D]areamazedatagricultureadvances25.JohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonoverregenerativeproduct’s_____.[A]marketprospects[C]nutritionalvalueText2[B]standarddefinition[D]moralimplicationMoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthatthreatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarrisPollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfof“unretirees”–thosewhoplantoworkinretirementorwentbacktoworkafterretiring–saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenoughmoneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.Financialneedsaren’ttheonlyculpritforthe“unretirement”trend.Otherreasons,accordingtothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.“Theconceptofretirementisevolving,”saidChristineRussell,seniormanagerofretirementatTDAmeritrade.“It’snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalueofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement.”Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.Theshareofthepopulation65andolderwas16%in2018,up3.2%fromtheprioryear,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau.That’salsoup30.2%since2010.Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10“unretirees”areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirementaccounts.Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadvisertosetlong-termfinancialgoals.“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamilyandultimatelyretiring,”Weisssaid.“It’snotjustafinancialdecision,butanemotionalone.Manypeoplebelievetheycan’tretire.”26.ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.[A]overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork[B]theoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoes[C]oneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirement[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat.[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem[B]boredomcanberelievedafterretirement[C]thementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked[D]“unretirement”contributestotheeconomy28.Retirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.[A]laborshortage[B]populationgrowth[D]risinglivingcosts[C]longerlifeexpectancy29.Manyretireesareincreasingtheirsavingsby.[A]investingmoreinstocks[C]gettingwell-paidwork[B]takingupoddjobs[D]spendingless30.Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare.[A]unprepared[C]disappointedText3[B]unafraid[D]enthusiasticWehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdarkpatterns.Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns"isacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststo“roachmotel”,whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonprofitleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthecompany'suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayaroleincreatingoravoiding“digitaldeception.”Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.”Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn’toptout.”Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.31.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns______.[A]improveuserexperiences[B]leakuserinformationforprofit[C]undermineusers’decision-making[D]remindusersofhiddencosts32.The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow______.[A]theirmajorflaws[B]theircomplexdesigns[D]theirstrongpresence[C]theirseveredamage33.Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould______.[A]listentocustomerfeedback[C]turntoindependentagencies[B]talkwithrelevantteams[D]relyonprofessionaltraining34.TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto______.[A]guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked[C]grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights[D]restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis______.[A]newlegalrequirements[C]strictregulatorystandardsText4[B]businesses'self-discipline[D]consumers'safetyawarenessAlthoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratorytestsorsometimesunreliableself-reports.ButanewstudypublishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleastonereal-worldsituation,asingleethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession’simpactoneatingmeat.Theychosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEricSchwitzgebel,aphilosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:students’attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgoodbecauseitreducesenvironmentalharmandanimalsuffering.Halfofthestudentsinfourlargephilosophyclassesreadanarticleontheethicsoffactory-farmedmeat,optionallywatchedan11-minutevideoonthetopicandjoineda50-minutediscussion.Theotherhalffocusedoncharitablegivinginstead.Then,unknowntothestudents,theresearchersstudiedtheiranonymizedmeal-cardpurchasesforthatsemester—nearly14,000receiptsforalmost500students.Schwitzgebelpredictedtheinterventionwouldhavenoeffect;hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonationandreturninglibrarybooks.Butamongstudentsubjectswhodiscussedmeatethics,mealpurchasescontainingmeatdecreasedfrom52to45percent—andthiseffectheldsteadyforthestudy’sdurationofseveralweeks.Purchasesfromtheothergroupremainedat52percent.“That'sactuallyaprettylargeeffectforaprettysmallintervention,”Schwitzgebelsays.PsychologistNinaStrohmingerattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbutcannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable.Andifreal,shenotes,itmightbereversiblebyanothernudge:“Easycome,easygo.”Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocialinfluence—classmatesorteachingassistantsleadingthediscussionsmayhavesharedtheirownvegetarianism,showingitasachievableormorecommon.Second,thevideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact.Leastrousing,hethinks,wasrationalargument,althoughhisco-authorssayreasonmightplayabiggerrole.Nowtheresearchersareprobingthespecificeffectsofteachingstyle,teachingassistants’eatinghabitsandstudents’videoexposure.MeanwhileSchwitzgebel—whohadpredictednoeffect—willbeeatinghiswords.36.Scientistsgenerallybelievethattheeffectsofethicsclassesare______.[A]hardtodetermine[C]difficulttoignore[B]narrowlyinterpreted[D]poorlysummarized37.Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheresearcherstostudymeat-eating?[A]Itiscommonamongstudents.[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.[C]Itisimportanttostudents’health.[D]Itisahottopicinethicsclasses.38.EricSchwitzgebel’spreviousfindingssuggestthatethicsprofessors______.[A]areseldomcriticaloftheirstudents[B]arelesssociablethanotherprofessors[C]arenotsensitivetopoliticalissues[D]arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter39.NinaStrohmingerthinksthattheeffectoftheinterventionis______.[A]permanent[C]uncertain[B]predictable[D]unrepeatable40.EricSchwitzgebelsuspectsthatthestudents’changeinbehavior______.[A]canbringpsychologicalbenefits[B]canbeanalyzedstatistically[C]isaresultofmultiplefactors[D]isasignofself-developmentPartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）[A]Makeitahabit[B]Don’tgoitalone[C]Startlow,goslow[D]Talkwithyourdoctor[E]Listentoyourbody[F]Gothroughthemotions[G]RoundoutyourroutineHowtoGetActiveAgainAfteraBreakMovingyourbodyhasbeenshowntoreduceanxietyanddepression,lowerratesofmanytypesofcancerandtheriskofaheartattack,andimproveoverallimmunity.Italsohelpsbuildstrengthandstamina.Gettingbackintoexercisecanbeachallengeinthebestoftimes,butwithgymsandin-personexerciseclassesoff-limitstomanypeoplethesedaysbecauseofCOVID-19concerns,itcanbetrickytoknowwheretostart.Andit’simportanttogettherightdoseofactivity.“Toomuchtoosooneitherresultsininjuryorburnout,”saysMaryYoke,PhD,afacultymemberinthekinesiologydepartmentatIndianaUniversityinBloomington.Thefollowingsimplestrategieswillhelpyoureturntoexercisesafelyafterabreak.41.____________________Don’ttrytogobacktowhatyouweredoingbeforeyourbreak.Ifyouwerewalking3milesaday,playing18holesofgolfthreetimesweek,orlifting10-pounddumbbellsforthreesetsof10reps,reduceactivitytohalfamileeveryotherday,ornineholesofgolfonceaweekwithshortwalksonotherdays,oruse5-pounddumbbellsforonesetof10reps.Increasetime,distance,andintensitygradually.“Thisisn’tsomethingyoucandoovernight,”Denaysays.Butyouwillreapbenefitssuchaslessanxietyandimprovedsleeprightaway.42.____________________Ifyou’rebreathingtoohardtotalkincompletesentences,backoff.Ifyoufeelgood,goalittlelongerorfaster.Feelingwipedoutafterasession?Goeasiernexttime.Andstayalerttoserioussymptoms,suchaschestpainorpressure,severeshortnessofbreathordizziness,orfaintness,andseekmedicalattentionimmediately.43.____________________Consistencyisthekeytogettingstrongerandbuildingenduranceandstamina.Tenminutesofactivityperdayisagoodstart,saysMarcusJackovitz,DPT,aphysicaltherapistattheUniversityofMiamiHospital.Alltheexpertswespokewithhighlyrecommendwalkingbecauseit’stheeasiest,mostaccessibleformofexercise.Althoughitcanbeaworkoutonitsown,ifyourgoalistogetbacktoZumbaclasses,tennis,cycling,oranyotheractivity,walkingisalsoagreatfirststep.44.____________________Evenifyoucan’tyetdoafavoriteactivity,youcanpracticethemoves.Withorwithoutacluborracket,swinglikeyou’rehittingtheball.Paddlelikeyou'reinakayakorcanoe.Mimicyourfavoriteswimmingstrokes.Theactionwillremindyouofthejoytheactivitybroughtyouandprimeyourmusclesforwhenyoucangetoutthereagain.45.____________________Exercisingwithothers“cankeepyouaccountableandmakeitmorefun,soyou'remorelikelytodoitagain,”¬Jackovitzsays.Youcandoactivitiessuchasgolfandtennisortakeawalkwithothersandstillbesociallydistant.Butwhenyoucan’tconnectinperson,considerusingtechnology.Chatonthephonewithafriendwhileyouwalkaroundyourneighborhood.FaceTimeorZoomwitharelativeasyoustrengthtrainorstretchathome.Youcanalsojoinalivestreamoron-demandexerciseclass.SilverSneakersoffersthemforolderadults,ortryEverWalkforvirtualchallenges.SectionIIITranslation41.Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Althoughwetryourbest,sometimesourpaintingsrarelyturnoutasoriginallyplanned.Changesinthelight,thelimitationsofyourpaintingmaterials,andthelackofexperienceandtechniquemeanthatwhatyoustartouttryingtoachievemaynotcometolifethewaythatyouexpected.Althoughthiscanbefrustratinganddisappointing,itturnsoutthatthiscanactuallybegoodforyou.Unexpectedresultshavetwobenefits:youprettyquicklylearntodealwithdisappointmentandrealisethatwhenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.Youalsoquicklylearntoadaptandcomeupwithcreativesolutionstotheproblemsthepaintingpresents,andthinkingoutsidetheboxwillbecomeyoursecondnature.Infact,creativeproblem-solvingskillsareincrediblyusefulindailylife,withwhichyouaremorelikelytobeabletofindasolutionwhenaproblemarises.SectionIVWritingPartA42.Directions:Supposeyouareplanningacampusfoodfestival.Writeanemailtotheinternationalstudentsinyouruniversityto1)introducethefoodfestival,and2)invitethemtoparticipate.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameintheemail;use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)答案解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[B]normal2.[B]compared3.[A]If4.[D]easy5.[C]Remember6.[A]well-known7.[C]supplement8.[C]question9.[B]sacrifice10.[B]interests13.[B]occasional14.[A]habit17.[A]indispensable18.[D]quickerSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA11.[C]while12.[D]cutdownon16.[D]inadditionto15.[A]tough19.[C]productively20.[D]aboveallText121.【答案】[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词climate-friendlyeggs定位到第一段末句：Thisallseemsrandom,butit’sbydesign,partof...nextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs(这看起来随意，但其实是设计好的，是下一个大事件气候友好蛋的一部分)。其中This指的是第一段开头描述的养鸡农场景象。养鸡农场是设计好的，用于生产气候友好蛋，由此可知气候友好蛋是在speciallydesignedfarms(经过特别设计的农场)上生产的，所以本题选D。22.【答案】[C]creatingasustainablesystem【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogress定位到第三段①句，该句提到(Brown)isaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat(Brown正在添加更多的覆盖作物来吸引蠕虫和蟋蟀给鸡吃)。结合②句Thebirds’wastethenfertilizesfields(然后鸡的排泄物可以给田地施肥)和③句中的Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeed...”(这样的改进使我们的母鸡能够找到更高质量的天然食物)可知，C项creatingasustainablesystem(创造一个可持续的系统)是对①-③句的合理概括，所以本题选C。23.【答案】[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts【解析】本题为例证题。例证题通常考查根据论据寻找论点的能力，论点一般在论据的前面。根据题干关键词organiceggs定位到第四段②句，该句为论据，其所要说明的事物为①句：whetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering(来自再生农场的动物产品能否成为下一个优质产品)。C项thepotentialofregenerativeproducts(再生产品的潜力)是对①句中问题的合理概括，所以本题选C。24.【答案】[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干中的youngpeople可先定位到最后一段中的②句：youngergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange(年轻一代更加关心气候变化)。结合③句中的Youngadults“reallycareabouttheplanet”(年轻人真的关心地球)和④句中的Theyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchain(他们绝对在改变食物链)，可以判断年轻人很可能在从食物方面为改善气候和地球环境做贡献。B项arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs(可能购买气候友好蛋)是对②-④句的合理推断，所以本题选B。25.【答案】[A]marketprospects【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干中的JohnBrunnquell定位到最后一段中的③句，Brunnquell说年轻人真的关心地球。结合④句他说年轻人绝对在改变食物链，可见他认为年轻人可能通过消费气候友好蛋等再生产品来保护地球，对再生产品的市场前景是乐观的。再根据题干中的JulieStanton定位到倒数第二段的①句，Stanton说Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell(再生产品可能要被强行推销)，可见她对再生产品的市场前景是悲观的。因此这两人在再生产品的市场前景方面的观点是不一致的，A项marketprospects(市场前景)准确指出了两人观点的分歧所在，所以本题选A。Text226.【答案】[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPoll定位到第二段①句：OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalongerlife。D项中的arewillingtoworkinretirement(愿意在退休后工作)是对原文haveorplantohaveajobinretirement(已经或计划在退休后获得一份工作)的同义转述，所以本题选D。27.【答案】[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph3定位到第三段，Americanstendtothinkthat在第三段中没有对应内容，第三段整体分析了美国人选择在退休后继续工作的原因。①句说明经济需求不是唯一原因，②句列举了其他原因，诸如保持精神健康，避免无聊或沮丧，由此可反推，美国人认为退休会给自身带来此类问题，所以本题选A。28.【答案】[C]longerlifeexpectancy【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Retirementpatternsarechanging定位到第五段①句Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger。C项longerlifeexpectancy(更长的预期寿命)为该句中Americansarelivinglonger(美国人的寿命越来越长)的同义转述，所以本题选C。29.【答案】[D]spendingless【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词increasingtheirsavings可定位到第六段①句Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs，及②句Sixin10“unretirees”areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife，这两句都在描述美国人增加储蓄的事实，紧承的③句Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses提出了最受欢迎的方式之一减少总体开支，对应了D项，所以本题选D。30.【答案】[A]unprepared【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Withregardtoretirement，BrentWeiss定位到第七段①句Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss。由该句becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears(因为他们担心晚年入不敷出)可推知，许多人并没有准备好退休，对应了A项，所以本题选A。Text3【答案】31.[C]undermineusers’decision-making32.[D]theirstrongpresence33.[B]talkwithrelevantteams34.[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked35.[B]businesses'self-disciplineText436.【答案】[A]hardtodetermine【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Scientists、ethicsclasses定位到第一段①句的前半句：Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior。其中canactuallychangebehavior(确实能够改变行为)指的就是题干中的effects(效果)。A项hardtodetermine(很难确定)是对①句中unsure(不确定的)的同义替换。所以本题选A。37.【答案】[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词reason定位到第二段②句：Theychosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons...:students’attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgood...。其中They指theresearchers，thisparticularbehavior指meat-eating。B项Itisa