选修七第一单元语法：动词不定式

Grammar

：TheInfinitive动词不定式

Martysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.HaveALk

Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadaptto

mydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknow

whatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogoto

schoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.Myambitionistoworkforafirm

thatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecided

tobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”

不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾补，但不能单独作谓语。动词不定式结构

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.作主语2.作表语4.作宾语补足语3.作宾语5.作定语6.作状语7.作插入语三、用法Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.1.主语单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis2.表语Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.3宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,afford,attempt,choose,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,fail,

expect,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish。Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth4.宾补五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice(1.)使役动词：三使

let

make

have

二听

listento

hear一感觉:

feel(2.)感官动词e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意(2)help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.(1)在使役动词

let,make,have和感官动词feel;hear,listento;watch,see,notice,lookat,observe等

后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省“to”（注:被动语态不能省to）(3)不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的任何一种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Youhavenochoicebuttogo.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep?Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5.定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.(1)表示目的:toinordertosoasto6作状语Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.Icameheretoseeyou.(2)

表示原因:

不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,right,wrong,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todo

Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.(3)结果状语:注意:不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反的结果。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.7.插入语tobefrank,tobehonest,Tobeginwith,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构疑问词who,which,when,how,what等与不定式连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(宾语)他不知道说什么。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。

四、疑问词+不定式注意：(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.A:—Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:—I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.A:—Wouldyouliketobeateacher?B:—I’dliketobe.exerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentenceneeds____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Tosleep6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforus___theworkaheadoftime.tobefinishedB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.t