考研-浙大高分子物理讲稿2aggregate structure of polymers

PolymerPhysics高分子物理2AggregateStructureofPolymers

高分子聚集态的结构2.1Introduction引言2.1.1Conceptofaggregatestate

聚集态结构的内涵AggregatestateArrangementandstackingofdifferentpolymerchains.Aggregatestateincludes晶态Crystallinestate液晶态Liquidcrystallinestate非晶态Amorphousstate取向态Orientationstate高分子的结构StructureofPolymers链结构ChainStructure聚集态结构AggregateStructure织态结构Morphology晶态结构CrystallineStructure无定型态结构Amorphousstructure2.1.2Interactionsbetweenpolymermolecules高分子的分子间作用力

covalentbondinteractionnon-covalentbond

vandeWallsforceHbond高分子由于分子间的相互作用而堆砌在一起Electrostaticforce(静电力):

1.2104~2.1104J/molInductionforce(诱导力)：0.6104~1.2104J/molDispersionforce(色散力)：0.08104~0.84104J/mol偶极矩极化率电离能分子间距离vandeWallsforceTotalvandeWallsforce:2～8kJ/molC－Cbondenergy:

347kJ/molAssuming：PE’sDP=104，Intermolecularinteractionforce:Ef>2*104kJ/molC－Cbondenergy:EJ=347kJ/molEf>EJWhenasinglePEchainispullout,2*104kJ/molenergy(vandeWallsforce)mustbee，whichcanleadtobreakageofC-Csinglebond.

So,novaporstateforpolymer.InteractionforcebetweentheHatominX——HbondandanotherYatomwithlargeelectronegavity.Electronegativity：

H:2.1O:3.5N:3.0F:4.0Strength：15~35kJ/molFeatures：directivityandsaturabilityX——H┄┄YHydrogenbond氢键HbondBondlength(nm)Bondenergy(kJ/mol)F—H…F0.2428O—H…O0.2718.834.3N—H…F0.2820.9N—H…O0.2916.7N—H…N0.315.44O—H…Cl0.3116.3C—H…N13.7Cohesiveenergydensity

高分子的内聚能密度Cohesiveenergy：Theenergytoremove1molliquidorsolidmoleculesoutoftherangeofintermolecularinteractionforce.HV:

摩尔蒸发热Cohesiveenergydensity：

Cohesiveenergyinunitvolume.HS:摩尔升华热(:摩尔体积)CohesiveenergydensityoflinearpolymersPolymerNameCED(J/m3)PEPolyethylene259PiBPolyisobutylene272NRNaturalrubber280BRButadienerubber276SBRStyrene-butadienerubber276PSPolystyrene305PMMAPoly(methylmethacrylate)347PVAcPoly(vinylacetate)368PVCPoly(vinylchloride)381PETPoly(ethyleneterephthalate)477Nylon66Polyamide66774PANPolyacrylonitrile992RubberPlasticsFiber2.2TheCrystallineState高分子的晶态结构Differencebetweencrystallizationofpolymersandsmallmolecules:

Polymerisnot100%crystalline!crystallinity(结晶度)：

fractionofcrystallinephase

weightpercentagecrystallinity volumepercentagecrystallinity①②③1a2a2b3a3cABCdAB+BC=2dsinq2dsinq=nlq2.2.1MethodsofdeterminingcrystallinitywideangleX-raydiffraction(WAXD)X－衍射BraggequationDistancebetweensuccessiveidenticalplanesofatomsinthecrystal

X-raywavelength

Anglebetweenthex-raybeamandtheseatomicplanes

Anywholenumber

样品差式扫描量热法(DSC)

Differentialscanningcalorimetry(Xcw%)Hf:

实测熔融焓Hf0:100%结晶时的熔融焓冷结晶峰熔融峰玻璃化转变(i)XcvMeasuredbydensity

(ii)XcwQuestion:Whichislarger,XcworXcv?Notice：Thevaluesofcrystallinitymeasuredbydifferentmethodsmayhavealargedifference.Usually：

XcWAXD>()Xcdensity>XcDSC2.2.2

Unitcellandconformationofpolymerchainincrystalsspherulite fibrillarbranching helicallamellaewithinfibrils1mm(POM)1m(AFM)500Å(AFM,TEM) crystallattice individuallamellarstacks 1Å(WAXD) 100Å(SAXS)maintypesofcrystalsystemCrystalsystemLatticeconstantCubic立方a=b=c;===90Hexagonal六方a=b≠c;==90;=120Tetragonal四方a=b≠c;===90Rhombohedral(Trigonal)三方a=b≠c;==≠90Orthorhombic正交a≠b≠c;===90Monoclinic单斜a≠b≠c;==90;≠90Triclinic三斜a≠b≠c;≠≠≠90abc高分子无此晶系caxis:polymerchaindirectionUnitcell(晶胞)：ThesmallestrepeatingunitofcrystalstructurewithparallelepipedshapeMillerindices

(hkl)abcc/2a/32b/3(1)interceptofcrystallineplaneinaxes(2)removalofunit，gettingreciprocalandreductiontocommondenominator(3)removalofdenominatorSelectedcrystallographicdataPolymerCrystalSystemLatticeConstantNMolecularConformationCrystalDensity,g/cm3a,Åb,Åc,ÅPolyethyleneOrthorhombic7.4174.9452.5472PZ211.00Monoclinic8.092.534.79107.92PZ210.998PolytetrafluoroethylenePseudohexagonal5.595.5916.88119.31H1362.35Trigonal5.6619.501H1572.30Orthorhombic8.735.692.622PZ212.55Monoclinic9.505.052.62105.52PZ212.74it-PolypropyleneMonoclinic6.6520.966.5099.34H310.936Hexagonal19.086.499H310.922Trigonal6.386.331H310.939it-PolystyreneTrigonal21.906.656H311.13cis-1,4-PolyisopreneMonoclinic12.468.898.10924Z201.02PolyvinylchlorideOrthorhombic2PZ211.42PolytetrahydrofuranMonoclinic5.598.9012.07134.22PZ211.11Nylon6Monoclinic9.5617.28.0167.54PZ211.23Monoclinic9.3316.884.781212H211.17Nylon66Triclinic4.95.417.248.57763.51PZ101.24Triclinic4.98.017.29077672PZ101.248Nylon610Triclinic4.955.422.44976.563.51PZ101.157Triclinic4.98.022.49077672PZ101.196Poly(ethyleneterephthalate)Triclinic4.565.9410.7598.51121P1.455Forpolymerchainswithnosidegroup(PE)orwithsidegroupofsmallsizeorwithstrongintermolecularinteraction(polyester，polyamide，PC,PVA).Polymerchainsadoptall-transconformation.Thelowestenergyof

polymerchains.Advantageoustodensepackingincrystals.planezigzag(平面锯齿结构)Note:

POMandPEOexhibithelixconformationincrystalPEOrthorhombic

正交晶系Helix(螺旋形结构)Forpolymerchainswithsidegroupoflargesize,gaucheconformationsometimesisadoptedtoreducesterichinderanceandfreeenergy.

Forexample：

isotacticPP(H31),poly(o-methylstyrene)(H41),isotacticPMMA(H52)，

isotactic

poly(4-methylpentene-1)(H72),poly(m-methylstyrene)(

H118).IsotacticPPThepolymerchainsarenotinthesameplane,butexhibitahelixconformationinthethree-dimensionalspace.Everythreerepeatingunitsformsahelixwithaperiodiclengthl＝6.50Å.H31:H：Helix3：numberofrepeatingunits1：numberofturnswithinaperiodiPP(等规聚丙烯)：Monoclinic单斜2.2.3Modelsofcrystallinepolymers高分子晶态结构模型TheFringedMicelleModel缨状微束CrystallinephaseAmorphousphase100ÅContourlength=2000ÅBryant1940AtacticPPIsotacticPPAl■

Observation：★

Bothdiffractionpatternanddiffusedcircleareobserved.★

ThemeasuredsizeofcrystallinedomainisabouthundredAstrongs(muchsmallerthanthelengthofpolymerchain).■

Model：★

co-existenceofcrystallineandamorphousdomains★

smallsizeofcrystallinedomain(onepolymerchaincantraverseseveralcrystallinedomains)★

randomorientationofcrystallinedomains■

Reasonable：★

Theapparent

density<densityofunitcell★

meltingrangeduetodifferentsizesofcrystallinedomains★

Arcdiffractionpatternandbirefringenceaftertensiledrawing■

Unreasonable：★

Crystallineandamorphousdomainscanseparate.★

Howislamellarandspheruliticmorphologyformed?TheFoldedChainModel折叠链CrystallinephaseAmorphousphaseKeller1957110~140ÅSinglecrystals近邻折叠■

Observations:★

PEsinglecrystalswithtensofmicrometerssizeand100Åthickness(TEM).★

ThicknessofsinglecrystalisindependentofMw.★

Polymerchainsareperpendiculartothelamellae(XRD).■

Model：★

Polymerchainsregularlyfoldandformlamellarcrystalsof100Åthickness.■

Reasonable：★

Formationoflamellarandspheruliticmorphology■

Unreasonable：★

Thedensityofsurfaceissmallerthanthebulkofsinglecrystals.★

Thelamellarcrystalscanstackintofibrilstacksandthenspherulites.规则近邻折叠近邻松散折叠★

Crystallizationofsomepolymertakesplaceveryfast(suchasPE).Regularfoldingisdifficulttoreachsinceitisarelaxationprocess.★Canexplainwhythedensityofsurfaceissmallerthanthebulkofsinglecrystals.■

Unreasonable：■

Reasonable：TheSwitchboardModel

插线板CrystallinephaseAmorphousphaseFloryCrystalsfrommelt小角中子散射(SANS)测量聚合物的分子尺寸聚合物结晶过程熔体结晶态PE从熔体中快速冷却(淬火)0.0460.046PP急剧冷却0.0350.034淬火后在137oC保温(退火)0.0350.036i-PS在200oC下结晶1h0.0220.024~0.029近邻折叠插线板模型熔体■

Observation：★

ThegyrationradiusofPEchainsincrystalissimilartothatinthemelt.(Inthecrystalspolymerchainsbasicallyretaintheconformationinthemelt,butlocallyadjustedtoenterthecrystals.)■

Model：★

Amorphousdomainsonthesurfaceoflamellae.★

Theadjacentpolymerchainsegmentsinthecrystalscanbefromthesame(butnon-adjacentsegments)ordifferentpolymerchains.★

Afterthepolymerchainenteralamellarcrystal,itcantraverseintoanothercrystalorre-enterthesamecrystalatnon-adjacentposition.Regularityofthemodels

Effectofcrystallizationconditions

Effectofpolymermicrostructure

adjacentre-entrymodel>switchboardmodel

>fringedmicellemodelfromdilutesolution： ~100%adjacentre-entryfrommelt：~70%adjacentre-entryquench： fringedmicellehomopolymer：adjacentre-entryorswitchboardrandomcopolymer：fringedmicelle2.2.4Morphologyofpolymercrystals高分子晶体的形态Lamellar-shapedsinglecrystals

单晶t聚乙烯的空心棱锥结构FormationofpolymersinglecrystalCrystallizeveryslowlyfromextremelydilutesolution(0.01～0.1%)

(butsometimescanalsobeformedfromthemelt)AFMimagesofisotacticPScrystalsin11nmthickfilmindifferentTc.210oC,4h205oC,4h200oC,4hDendriticcrystal(树枝状晶)Higherconcentration(0.01～0.1%)，lowerTc.Diffusioncontrolled.PEPEOExtendedChainCrystals

伸直链晶体Polyethylene226C,4800atm,8hrCrystallinity=97%Density=0.993830000ÅHighpressureandhightemperature.Themoststableinthermodynamic.FibrilCrystals

纤维状晶体Inflowfield,polymerchainsextendandstackalongflowdirection.StringCrystals

串晶溶液低温，边结晶边搅拌。shish-kebabstructurespherulite(球晶)Polarizedopticalmicroscopy(偏光显微镜)MalteseCrossBranchingspheruliteofiPPSpheruliteFebrileLamellar晶迭的形成caLaamorphousccrystallineLlongperiodNegativespherulite：radialrefractiveindex<normalrefractiveindex(smallbranchingangle)Positivespherulite：

radialrefractiveindex>normalrefractiveindex(largebranchingangle)ConstantgrowthrateinradialdirectionPolymerchainperpendiculartoradiusMaltesecrossbyPOMConsistinginfibrilsandstacksCrystallinity<100%Diameterfrom0.1mmto1cmCharacteristicsofspheruliteControlofspherulitesize(1)Crystallizationrate:Tcorcoolingrate(2)Microstructure:randomcopolymer(3)Nucleationagent:smallersize

HavingeffectsontransparencyandmechanicalpropertiesGrowthofspheruliteobservedbyPOM0s30s60s90s120sbandedspherulite(条带状球晶)smallanglelaserlightscattering小角激光散射RadiusofspheruliteWavelengthScatteringanglecorrespondingtomaximumscatteringintensityVvHvaxialiteplateletSpheruliteisnottheonlymorphologyofpolymermacro-crystals!

2.3Amorphousstate无定型态结构2.3.1Aboutamorphouspolymers

关于无定型高分子Theamorphousstateisdefinedasacondensed,non-crystallinestateofmatter.ManypolymersareamorphousunderordinaryuseconditionsPolystyrenePoly(methylmethacrylate)Poly(vinylacetate)CrystallinepolymerseamorphousabovetheirmeltingtemperaturesPolyethylenePolypropyleneNylonGlassyLiquidflowRubberyplateauGlasstransitionRubberyflowlgE,PaTemperatureTm657438910AmorphouspolymersCrystallinepolymersPhysicalstateofpolymers

高分子的物理状态FromamorphousphaseQuestionsofinterest感兴趣的问题Solidsorliquid?Water:liquid,disorderedCrystallinepolymer:solid,ordered(regular)Amorphouspolymeringlassystate:solid,disorderedPossibleresidualorder?Onthesimplestlevel,thestructureofbulkamorphouspolymershasbeenlikenedtoapotofspaghetti(意大利式细面条),wherethespaghettistrandsweaverandomlyinandoutamongeachotherOurknowledgeoftheamorphousstateremainsveryplete,andthatthisandotherareasofpolymersciencearethesubjectsofintensiveresearchatthistime2.3.2Majororder-disorderarguments

有序－无序之争OrderDisorderConceptualdifficultiesindensepackingwithoutorderRubberelasticityofpolymernetworksAppearanceofnodulesAbsenceofanomalous(异常)thermodynamicdilutioneffectsAmorphoushalosintensifyingonequatorialplaneduringextensionRadiiofgyrationthesameinbulkasin-solventsNonzeroMooney-RivlinC2constantsFitofP()forrandomcoilmodeltoscatteringdataElectrondiffractionlateralorderto15-20ÅRayleigh-Brillouinscattering,x-raydiffraction,stress-opticalcoefficient,etc.studiesshowingonlymodest(ifany)short-rangeorder2.3.3Modelsofamorphouspolymers

无定型高分子模型PrincipalsDescriptionofModelH.MarkP.J.FloryRandomcoilmodel;chainsmutuallypenetrableandofthesamedimensionasin-solventsB.VollmertIndividualcellstructuremodel,close-packedstructureofindividualchainsP.H.LindenmeyerHighlycoiledorirregularlyfoldedconformationalmodel,limitedchaininterpenetrationT.G.F.SchoonPearlnecklacemodelofsphericalstructuralunitsV.A.KarginBundlemodel,aggregatesofmoleculesexistinparallelalignmentW.PechholdMeandermodel,withdefectivebundlestructure,withmeander-likefoldsG.S.Y.YehFolded-chainfringed-micellargrainmodel.Containstwoelements:grain(ordered)domainofquasi-parallelchains,andintergrainregionofrandomlypackedchainsV.P.PrivalkoY.S.LipatovConformationhavingfoldedstructureswithRgequalingtheunperturbeddimensionR.HosemannParacrystallinemodelwithdisorderwithinthelamellaeS.A.ArzhakovFoldedfibrilmodel,withfoldedchainsperpendiculartofibrillaraxisModelsoftheamorphousstateinpictorialform无定型高分子模型图示Modelsincreaseindegreeoforderfrom(a)to(d).Flory'srandomcoilmodel无规线团PrivalkoandLipatov'srandomlyfoldedchainconformations无规折叠链Yeh'sfolded-chainfringed-micellargrainmodel两相球粒Pechhold'smeandermodel回纹波EvidencesforrandomcoilmodelAbsenceofanomalouseffectsforrubberelasticmodulusandstress-temperatureparameterwhendiluentisadded.Whenradiateamorphouspolymerinbulkandsolution,thecrosslinkingdegreeissimilar.Thegyrationradiusinbulkandsolutionissimilar(bySAXSandSANS)EvidencesforfringedmicellargrainmodelForrandomcoil:a/c<0.65,inpractice:a/c0.85-0.96.Orderedstackingispreparativeforfastcrystallization.Afterthermaltreatment,densityandsizeofmicellesincreases.Whiteningupontensileforrubber.2.4Orientationalstate取向态结构2.4.1OrientationPhenomena

取向现象Preferredarrangementofpolymerchain,segmentorcrystallinedomainunderexternalforceinsomespecificdirections(分子链、链段、晶粒等在外力作用下沿特定方向作占优势的排列)AspecialphenomenainpolymericmaterialsOrientationstate——one-ortwo-dimensionalorderCrystallinestate——three-dimensionalorderprocessingfilm(biaxialdrawingorblowing)fiber(drawing)pipesandrods(injection)amorphousorientatedamorphouscrystallineun-orientatedcrystallineorientated聚合物的取向一般有两种方式：单轴取向(uniaxialorientation)：在一个轴向上施以外力，使分子链沿一个方向取向。如纤维纺丝再如薄膜的单轴拉伸双轴取向(biaxialorientation)：一般在两个垂直方向施加外力。如薄膜双轴拉伸，使分子链取向平行薄膜平面的任意方向。在薄膜平面的各方向的性能相近，但薄膜平面与平面之间易剥离。薄膜的双轴拉伸取向2.4.2OrientationMechanism

取向机理链段取向整链取向球晶取向与变形晶区取向与重组可在高弹态实现只能在粘流态实现取向单元无定形聚合物Amorphouspolymer晶态聚合物Crystallinepolymer链段取向非晶区Amorphousregion晶区Crystalregion链段取向球晶变形，晶片倾斜、滑移、取向取向与解取向问题聚合物可以取向，但取向是一种热力学不稳定状态，在一定的外力、时间、温度下又有解取向。整链取向整链取向为了维持取向状态，获得取向材料，必须在取向后迅速使温度降低到玻璃化温度以下，使分子和链段“冻结”起来，这种“冻结”仍然是热力学非平衡态。只有相对稳定性，时间长了，温度升高或被溶剂溶胀时，仍然有发生自发的解取向性。

取向快，解取向也快，所以链段解取向比分子链解取向先发生。热水中洗衣服发生缩水、变皱的现象纤维的热定型工艺2.4.3MethodstoDeterminetheDegreeofOrientation

取向度的测量方法取向（程）度的表示拉伸比——拉伸前后长度之比取向函数Fθ为分子链主链与取向方向间的夹角理想单轴取向：θ=0cosθ=1F=1完全无规取向：F=0Soundvelocitymethod声速法Wide-angleX-raydiffraction广角X射线衍射法Birefringenceanisotropicmethod双折射法InfraredDichroism红外二向色性测量方法WAXD取向参数(A:半峰宽)沿圆周方向积分Question:Can1DWAXDbeusedtodeterminecrystallinityoforientatedpolymersamples?沿半径方向积分声速法原理：声速沿分子链的传播速度>>链间的传播速度声波在完全未取向聚合物中的传播速度待测聚合物取向方向上的传播速度Birefringenceanisotropicmethod

双折射法2.4.4InfluenceofOrientationtotheProperties取向对性能的影响Tensileratio20g/cm3xc%n20g/denier%TgC11.338330.006811.8450712.771.3694220.106123.555723.561.3804400.128843.027854.491.3841430.142064.5789Polyesterfiber*

取向方向的拉伸强度显著提高*材料呈现各向异性的特性*热稳定性能得到相应提高2.5Liquidcrystalstate液晶态结构2.5.1液晶的化学结构与分类不论高分子还是小分子液晶，形成有序流体都必须具备一定条件，从结构上讲，称其为液晶基元液晶基元包括棒状(条状)、盘状或双亲性分子棒状(或条状)长径比大于4盘状轴径比小于1/4双亲性分子有特殊的相互作用力MBBA2.5nm0.5nm5CB2nm近晶相C近晶相A向列相2.5.2Categoryofliquidcrystal液晶种类近晶相C近晶相A向列相胆甾相按液晶基元所在位置分类主链型液晶侧链型液晶按液晶形成条件分类热致液晶：通过加热而形成液晶态的物质

共聚酯，聚芳酯Xydar,Vector,Rodrum溶致液晶：在某一温度下，因加入溶剂而呈现液晶态的物质

核酸，蛋白质，芳族聚酰胺PBT,PPTA(Kevlar)和聚芳杂环PBZT,PBO感应液晶：外场（力，电，磁，光等）作用下进入液晶态的物质PEunderhighpressure流致液晶：通过施加流动场而形成液晶态的物质聚对苯二甲酰对氨基苯甲酰肼结构液晶包括高分子液晶和小分子液晶。不论高分子还是小分子，形成有序流体都必须具备一定条件，从结构上讲，称其为液晶基元。液晶基元棒状(或条状)长径比大于4双亲性分子盘状轴比小于1/4分类按液晶核的排列分按液晶基元所在位置分按液晶的形成条件分棒状盘状向列相N：只有方向序无位置序近晶A相SA：有位置序和方向序近晶C相SC：有位置序和方向序且既有层面的法向方向又有晶核的共分方向柱相向列相(DiscoticN)DN有序程度SC>SA>N如果层内间隔相等Dho如果层内间隔不等Dhd主链液晶主侧链液晶侧链液晶热致液晶：液晶物质加热熔融形成的液晶。溶致液晶：液晶物质溶于溶剂所得到的液晶。HighrigidityRod-likechainStronginteractionKevlar/芳纶14Kevlar49/芳纶14142.5.3Propertiesandapplicationofliquidcrystalpolymers

液晶高分子的性能和应用Propertiesofsomefibers

一些纤维的性能MaterialTensilestrengthMPaYoung’smodulusGPaElongationatbreak%Densityg/cm3Kevlar49fiber28001272.51.44UHMWPEfiber30001000.94Polyesterfiber11001414.51.38Carbonfiber35302301.51.76Carbonwhisker210001000SiCfiber30002201.42.55Glassfiber2500703.52.55Steelfiber18002042.07.83c*各向同性液晶cT*各向同性液晶T液晶纺丝在高于形成各向同性溶液的浓度下、低于形成各向同性溶液的温度下对液晶溶液进行纺丝。液晶原位增强聚合液晶显示LCD-Liquidcrystaldisplay液晶纺丝：在低牵伸倍数下获得高度取向、高性能纤维液晶的应用CrystallinestateAmorphousstateOrientationstateLiquidcrystallinestate三维有序，热力学稳定宏观无规线团，局部可能有序一维或二维有序，由外力诱导，热力学不稳定取向单元可以是链段，整链或晶粒一维或二维有序，热力学稳定取向单元是液晶基元2.6StructureofponentPolymers多组分聚合物的结构2.6.1Conceptofponentpolymers多组分聚合物的概念Definition含两种或两种以上高分子链的复合体系，其中一种或几种主要性能明显优于单一组分NomenclatureponentPolymers多组分聚合物Multi-phasePolymers多相聚合物PolymerBlend高分子共混物PolymerAlloy高分子合金Whyponentpolymers？

为什么要发展多组分聚合物Relativelyfewnewpolymerswillbeintroducedcommerciallyinthefuturebecauseofunfavorableeconomics：RequiresnewmonomersRequireschangeincurrentpolymersynthesisprocessRequirescompliancewithgovernmentpre-manufacturingregulationsRequiresyearsbeforeprofitabilityPotentialadvantagesofblendingknownpolymerstoproducenewproductsLowercostofdevelopmentandlowercapitalinvestmentShortenedtimefortestingandapprovalwhenworkfromknownpropertydatabaseofblendedpolymersBlendpreparationmaybedoneinextrusionequipmentPotentialforuseofrecycledpolymersSomecommercialpolymerblends2.6.2Categoryofponentpolymers多组分聚合物的品种Blend物理共混物熔融共混、溶液共混Blockcopolymer嵌段共聚物活性阴离子聚合Graftcopolymer接枝共聚物自由基聚合InterpenetratedPolymerNetwork互贯聚合物网络分别聚合高分子材料均聚物聚合物基复合材料共混物共聚物交替共聚物接枝共聚物嵌段共聚物无规共聚物熔融共混物胶乳共混物溶液共混物互穿聚合物网络多组分聚合物两种单体并不形成各自的链段均相结构两组分相容单相连续结构一相为连续相，形成基体（matrix）一相为分散相，为颗粒状（domain）、棒状、蜂窝状等微区两相连续结构两相连续并互相贯穿，多见于IPN两相互锁结构两相互相交错，但均没有贯穿整个体系2.6.3Structureofponentpolymers多组分聚合物的结构ABSMultiphase嵌段共聚