四级写作讲座

2001/05/10OpiniontypewritingDirections:somepeoplewhohavebeensuccessfulinthesocietydon’tattributetheirsuccesstothetheoreticalknowledgetheylearntfromtheiruniversity.Doyouagreethattheoreticalknowledgeisnotasvaluableasexpected?2001/05/10translation开头句：1.关于理论知识对职业成功的贡献，人们一都有怀疑。支持上述说法：2.这是可以理解的，因为很多在事业上获得成的人并没有完成大学教育转入主题说法3.但是事实上，在影响一个人成功的因素中，理论知识是最为重要的因素之一2001/05/10证明自己的观点：理论知识重要正说4.掌握理论知识就等于掌握了某个学科的基本概念与原理，这就为一个人的职业发展打下良好的基础补充5.事实上，认为理论知识与经验不能相容的观点是一种根深蒂固的误解进一步解说两者的关系

6.理论知识就是在经验的基础上发展起来的，因此理论知识本身具有实践意义。2001/05/10平衡观点：经验也很重要平衡观点7.我们也需要承认一个事实，理论知识不是人们成功的唯一要素。进一步解说8.一些其他因素，如性格、机遇、人际关系网等等在很大程度上决定了一个人是否成功2001/05/10总结尽管如此，我们需要承认，大学教育与人们成功之间的关系被低估了。我们需要重新认识大学教育与成功之间的关系。2001/05/10Firstparagraph:introduction1.关于理论知识对职业成功的贡献，人们一都有怀疑。Peoplehaslongbeendoubtfulaboutthecontributionoftheoreticalknowledgetocareersuccess.2.这是可以理解的，因为很多在事业上获得成的人并没有完成大学教育thisisunderstandableasanumberofpeoplewhodon’tcompletetheirhighereducationaresuccessful3.但是事实上，在影响一个人成功的因素中，理论知识是最为重要的因素之一However,ofthesefactorsthatdetermineone’ssuccess,theoreticalknowledgeisoneofthemostimportant.2001/05/10Elaborateyouropinion4.众所周知，掌握理论知识就等于掌握了某个学科的基本概念与原理，这就为一个人的职业发展打下坚实的基础Itiswidelyknownthatmasteringtheoreticalknowledgemeansmasteringbasicconceptandprinciplesofasubject,whichlaysfirmfoundationforcareerdevelopment.5.事实上，认为理论知识与经验不能相容的观点是一种根深蒂固的误解

itisadeep-rootedmisconceptionthattheoreticalknowledgeandexperiencearenotcompatible6.理论知识就是在经验的基础上发展起来的，因此理论知识本身具有实践意义。

Manytheoreticalknowledgeisdevelopedonthebasisofexperiences,sotheoreticalknowledgehaspracticalimplications.2001/05/10Balanceyouropinion7.但是，我们也需要承认一个事实，理论知识不是人们成功的唯一要素。Meanwhile,wemustrecognizethattheoreticalknowledgeisnottheuniquedeterminantofsuccess.8.一些其他因素，如性格、机遇、等等在很大程度上决定了一个人是否成功Otherfactorslikepersonalitytraitandluckplayaconsiderablepartinone’scareersuccess.2001/05/10总结总之，我们需要承认，大学教育与人们成功之间的关系被低估了。我们需要重新认识大学教育与成功之间的关系。Tosumup,wemustadmitthattherolethattheoreticalknowledgeplaysinone’scareersuccesshasbeenunderestimated.Weneedtoreaffirmtheimportanceofhighereducationinone’scareersuccess.2001/05/10Directions:volunteerworkorganizedbytheschoolbringsmorebenefitsthanproblems,towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Nowadaysschoolpaymuchattentiontovolunteerwork,someschoolsevenrecognizeitasarequirementofgraduation.Despitethedisadvantagesofschool-organizedvolunteerwork,therearebenefitstorecognize.2001/05/10Itisclearthatstudentscanimprovetheirskillsandenrichtheirsocialexperiencesbyparticipatinginvolunteerwork.Asecondbenefitisthatstudentscanintegratetheiracademicknowledgewithpractices.Butitcan’tbedeniedthatthereexistsomeproblemswiththeorganizationofvolunteerwork,whichresultsinthewasteofvolunteer’stimeandenergy.2001/05/10Basedontheabovediscussion,weneedtoreaffirmtheimportanceofvolunteerworktothestudentsandthesociety.Inthemeantime,theorganizerofvolunteerworkshouldpaymoreattentiontotheorganizationtomeettheneedsofstudents.2001/05/102001/05/10WritingintroductoryparagraphsIntroductorydevicesIntroductoryparagraphofproblem-typewritingIntroductoryparagraphofopinion-typewriting2001/05/10IntroductorydevicesQuestionsProverbsAnecdotesExamples2001/05/10ExamplesofagoodbeginningSomepeoplethinktheworldmovesonthewheelsofmoney,othersbelievetheworldmovesonthewheelsoflove,butIbelievetheworldmovesonthewheelofenergy.Agentlemanis,notdoes.AnEnglishproverbgoeslikethis:opportunityneverknockstwice.ButIdon’tthinkso.Atleastitknocksatmydoortwice.2001/05/10Introductoryparagraphofproblem-typearticleAsweallknow,____isvital(indispensable)toourlife.AtpresentInthepresent-daytimeNowadays,Inthepast20yearsorso,Thereis(hasbeen)awide-spreadconcernthatTheproblemof___hasarousedwide-spreadconcern.Theproblemof___isbecomingmoreandmore(increasingly)serious.Ifnothingisdone,ourlifewillbeencounteredwithaseriousthreat.2001/05/10ExampleOneOnShortageofwaterAsweallknow,theproblemofshortageofwaterisvitaltoourhumanlife.However,atpresent,thisproblemisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Ifnothingisdoneaboutit,ourlifewillbeencounteredwithaseriousthreat.2001/05/10ExampleTwoCombatingagainstfakegoodsNowadays,thereareagreatvarietyoffakesgoodsavailableinChinesemarkets,rangingfromfakewatches,fakeshoestofakemedicineandfakemoney.Ifnomeasureistakentocombatagainstthem,oureconomicandsociallifewouldbegreatlythreaten.2001/05/10IntroductoryparagraphofopiniontypearticleAgreatmanypeoplebelievethat_______.ButIjustthinkotherwise.Somepeoplethinkthat_______whileothersholdthebeliefthat________.ButIpersonallythinkthat____________.Itiswidelybelievedthat______________.Myopiniononthisissue,however,isquitedifferent.Itmaybetruethat_____________.Butinmypersonalopinion,___________.Inmypersonalview,2001/05/10ExampleoneSomepeopleprefertoliveinthecitieswhileotherschoosetoliveinthecountryside.Asforme,Iwouldliketostayinthecountrysidebutchoosetoliveinthecityinordertoenjoytheadvantagesofboth.2001/05/10ExampletwoShouldwereadselectivelyorextensivelySomepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectivelywhileothersbelievethatweshouldreadextensively.Inmypersonalview,thisisnotamatterofyesorno.Itdependsonwhatwereadasitismybeliefthatdifferenttypesofbooksrequiresdifferentreadingapproach.JustasFrancisBaconputsit:somebooksaretobedigested,othersaretobeswallowed.2001/05/10Transitionaldevicesdevicesofreasoningdevicesofgivingevidencedevicesofmakingcomparisonandcontrastdevicesofenumerationdevicesofarguing2001/05/10Devicesofgivingreasons(1)Therearethreeprimaryreasonsfor_______.Tobeginwith,Furthermore,Lastbutnottheleast.Thereareprimarilytworeasonsfor________.Ontheonehand,___________.Ontheotherhand,_________.Amongmanyotherreasons,themostimportantoneis_____________.2001/05/10Devicesofgivingreasons(2)Thereasonfor_______isthatTheprimarycauseof______isthat_________.AcausesB BiscausedbyAleadstoresultsfromresultsinisresponsibleforgivesrisetoisresponsibleforistoblamefor2001/05/10DevicesofgivingreasonsBecause(As,Since,For)BecauseofThankstoOwingtoAsaresult,Asaconsequence,ConsequentlyTherefore,Forthisreason2001/05/10DevicesofgivingexamplesForexample,Asanexample,ForinstanceAtypicalcaseinpointisthatAsisindicatedintheexampleof_________ demonstratedillustratedshownStatisticsshowsthat_____Itisreportedthat_______ 2001/05/10DevicesofmakingcomparisonandcontrastAcomparisonbetweenAandBshowsthat_______BycomparisonIncontrast,However,Like(Unlike______),Similarly,Ontheotherhand,(Onthecontrary)WhileAis_____________,B____________.Itmightbetruethat__________________,butasecondthoughtovertheconcernedissueshowsthat__________.AdiffersfromBinthat___________.2001/05/10DevicesofenumerationFirstly,Secondly,Thirdly.Tobeginwith,atfirst;Furthermore(inaddition,additionally,besides,apartfromthat);Finally,atlast,Lastbutnotlease.2001/05/10DevicesofarguingSomemayarguethat_______,however,Itmightbetruethat_______,butweshouldalsorememberthat_______.Itmightbearguedthat_______.Oneofthemostbasicargumentfor(against)____isthat______,which,Iamafraid,Ican’tagreewith.2001/05/10ConcludingparagraphWhatwedointheconcludingparagraphtosuggestsolutionstoaproblemtoenvisagethedifficultiesinsolvingaproblemtorestatethethesistoforeseethefuturetocallforactionsandinvolvement2001/05/10Concludingparagraph:TosuggestsolutionstoaproblemOnewaytosolvetheproblemof_______istoInordertosolvetheproblemof________,itismosturgenttoarousetheawarenessofallthepeopleoverit.Wemustbefullyawareofitsgravityandurgency.Besides,lawsmustbemadetomakesurethat_____.Butthemostimportantofall,everyoneinoursocietyshouldmakehisorherecontributionsingettingridof______.NoimmediatesolutioncanbefoundasfarastheHowever,it’sgoodtoseemoreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizeitsgravityandurgencyandareworkinghardatimprovingthesituation.2001/05/10Concludingparagraph:ForeseeingthefutureTheproblemof_____isdifficulttosolve.Hereismybeliefthatintheforeseeablefuture,wewillbeabletoputtheproblemof_____underourcontrolifeveryoneThereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheproblemof______iscompletelysettled.Westillhavealongwaytogobeforeanultimatesolutiontotheproblemof_____isfound.2001/05/10Concludingparagraph:CallingforthactionsTheproblemof_______ishardtosettle.However,littleisleftforustofindasolutiontoitonceandforever.Itisveryurgentthateveryoneinthesoc