商务英语课件1

ASurvey

ofWorldEconomyUnit1

Therishestcountries(Top10)卡塔尔TheStateofQatar

卢森堡TheGrandDuchyofLuxembourg

阿拉伯联合酋长国TheUnitedArabEmirates

挪威Norway新加坡Singapore

美国TheUnitedStatesofAmerica瑞士Switzerland

荷兰Holland爱尔兰Ireland奥地利AustriaThepoorestcountries(Top10)刚果民主共和国DemocraticrepublicofCongo）马拉维Malawi中非共和国CentralAfricanRepublic利比里亚Liberia马达加斯加Madagascar厄立特里亚Eritrear津巴布韦Zimbabwe布隆迪Burundi尼日尔Niger阿富汗AfghanistanLearningObjectives

Afterstudyingthisunit,youshouldbeableto:haveanoverallideaoftheworldeconomy.better-understandChinesemarketeconomy.realizethechallengesChinafacesafterenteringWTO.describethedomesticautomobileindustrybriefly.Globalization

Theterm“globalization”describestheincreasedmobilityofgoods,services,labour,technologyandcapitalthroughouttheworld.Althoughglobalizationisnotanewdevelopment,itspacehasincreasedwiththeadventofnewtechnologies,especiallyintheareaoftelecommunications.

WorldEconomicOrganizationsWorldBankTheWorldBankisavitalsourceoffinancialandtechnicalassistancetodevelopingcountriesaroundtheworld.Itisnotabankinthecommonsense.Itismadeupoftwouniquedevelopmentinstitutionsownedby184membercountries—theInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment(IBRD)andtheInternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA).TheIBRDfocusesonmiddleincomeandcreditworthypoorcountries,whileIDAfocusesonthepoorestcountriesintheworld.Togethertheyprovidelow-interestloans,interest-freecreditandgrantstodevelopingcountriesforeducation,health,infrastructure,communicationsandmanyotherpurposes.

WorldTradeOrganization

TheWTO,establishedonJanuary1st,1995,isthelegalandinstitutionalfoundationofthemultilateraltradingsystem.NowadaystheWTOistheonlyinternationalbodydealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.

InternationalMonetaryFund

TheIMFwascreatedtopromoteinternationalmonetarycooperation,theexpansionandbalancedgrowthofinternationaltrade,exchangestability,amultilateralsystemofpayments,solutionofbalanceofpaymentsdifficultiesunderadequatesafeguards,andlesseningofthedegreeofdisequilibriumintheinternationalbalancesofpaymentsofmembers.China’sEconomicProblems

tobeSolvedⅰ.Keepingmoderatedevelopingspeedofeconomy;ⅱ.Fine-tuningeconomicstructureanddevelopingnewstyleindustry;ⅲ.Enhancingforceonenvironmentalconstructionandprotection;ⅳ.Boostingindustrializationofagricultureandincreasingpeasants’income;ⅴ.Establishingsocialsecuritysystem;ⅵ.Solvingunemploymentproblem;ⅶ.Propellingurbanization;ⅷ.Deepeningsystemreformandtransformingthefunctionofgovernment;ⅸ.Settingupmodernenterprisesystem;ⅹ.Creatingmorefavorablepoliticalenvironmentfordevelopmentofprivateenterpriseandsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseVocabularyinequalityn.不平均Divergencen.分歧Preferentialadj.优先的resilientadj.有弹性的stagnationn.停滞Volatilityn.波动性Initiationn.开始abjectadj.可怜的Stereotypicadj.模式的，惯常的Incentiven.鼓励fostervt.培养Incrementallyadv.逐渐地，递增地allocationn.分配disparityn.差距resumptionn.恢复

Bilateraladj.双边的Multilateraladj.多边的Sustainedeconomicgrowth可持续的经济增长Economicvolatility经济波动Institutionalreform体制改革Dual-trackprice-settingscheme双重价格体系State-ownedenterprises国有企业Post-conflictcountries战后冲突国家KeytoExercisesTextAⅠAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.Theprocessofglobalizationhasnotyetclosedtheincomegapbetweenpoorandrichcountries.Richercountries,forinstance,tenttohavepreferentialaccesstocapitalmarkets,toattractmoreforeigndirectinvestment,andtobemoreresilientthanpoorercountriesinrespondingtoshiftsinglobalcommoditymarkets.Inthe1950sand1960s,developingcountriesexperiencedstrongandsustainedeconomicgrowth.Sincethe1980s,however,atrendtowardsincreasingdivergencehassetin,withalimitedgroupofcountries,mostoftheminAsia,achievingrapideconomicgrowthandgainingfrommoreopenglobalmarkets,whilemuchoftherestofthedevelopingworldhasfacedeconomicinstabilityandmadefewgainsinhumanwell-being.2.TheChineseeconomyhasbeengrowingatarapidpacesincetheinitiationofitsreformpoliciesinthelate1970s.Theinstitutionalreformprocesshasbeenguidedinthegeneraldirectionofimprovingoveralleconomicefficiencybyprovidingindividualswithincentives,byfosteringcompetitionamongdifferentcategoriesofmarketplayers.3.Inthefirststage,reformhadbeencarriedoutincrementallytoimproveincentivesandtoexpandthescopeofthemarketforresourceallocation.InthesecondstageChineseGovernmentdecidedtosettheeventualestablishmentofamodernmarketsystemasthegoalofreform.Thethirdstagehasputastrongeremphasisontheneedtodealwiththegrowingregionalandincomedisparitiesgeneratedbytheacceleratedgrowthprocess.4.Atpresent,mostofthesuccessfulgrowthstorieshaveoccurredinEastAsia,whilemostgrowthcollapseshavebeenseeninAfrica.Asiaisachievingmorerapideconomicgrowthandgainingmorefromopenglobalmarkets.Ⅱ.FillinthetablebelowbygivingthecorrespondingChineseorEnglishequivalents：

体制改革inflationrates

持续增长

现代市场体制

全面提高经济效益

国际支援III.Decideifthesestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F),accordingtothewriter：1.Sincethe1980s,mostdevelopingcountriesexperiencedstrongandsustainedeconomicgrowthandgainedmuchfrommoreopenglobalmarkets.(F)2.Theprocessofglobalizationhasclosedtheincomegapbetweendevelopinganddevelopedcountries.(F)3.Three-stagestrategyisthegradualprocessofChina’seconomicreformforthetransitiontoamarketeconomy.(T)4.Currently,economicdevelopmenthasbeenlaiddownastheultimategoalinChineseeconomicreform.(T)5.ComparingwithAfrica,Asiabenefitsmorefromglobalization.(T)6.Comparedwithotherregionsintheworld,growthperformanceinLatinAmericahasbeenratherdifferentbutit’suniformamongthecountriesintheregion.(T)7.TheeconomiesofChina,Indiaandafewotherlargedevelopingeconomiesaregoodexamplesofsustainedgrowthgeneratedthroughsmallgovernancechangesandwithinitiallyimperfectinstitutions.(T)8.Comprehensivereformsshouldbefirstachievedtoimprovespecificareasofgovernanceweaknessesinsteadofinternationalsupport.(F)Ⅳ.PracticalWritingTo:MrRice,ManagingDirectorFrom:ClydeMartinezDate:March15,2007AnalysisontheWorld’sGDPpercentagesin2006AsrequestedbytheManagingDirectoron10January2007,Ihaveanalyzedtheworld’sGDPpercentagesin2006.Accountingfor25%oftheworldeconomy,AmericaneconomyhasbeenincreasingandhascreatedamiracleinthehistoryofAmericaneconomydevelopment.Japanremainstheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy,accountingfor9%.TotalGDPofEuropeanUnion,thethirdlargestpopulationintheworld,ismorethantwicetheGDPofJapan,andclosetothatofAmerica.StatisticsshowthatChina,alongwiththesuccessfuleconomicreform,isnearlythesamewithItaly,theworld’s6thbiggesteconomy.However,theoveralleconomicsituationinAfricaneglectedinthefigureisstillcritical.ItisobviousthatAfricaneedsfurthereffortstokeepupwiththepaceofworldeconomicintegration.Recommendations/ProposalskeepthenormalexportlevelwithJapan.sendmoresalesrepresentativestoEUcountries.expandtradewithChinafurtherandlarger.addmoredirectinvestmentinAfrica.

TextBAnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.Globalizationisanirreversibletrend.HistoricalexperienceshavetaughttheChinesenottoclosethedoorjustbecauseofchallenges.Nocountrycanside-stepthechangesbroughtaboutbyinternationalcompetitionandcooperation.2.HistoricalexperienceshavetaughttheChinesenottoclosethedoorjustbecauseofchallenges.Chinacan’tdevelopinisolationfromtherestoftheworld.Laggingbehindleavesonevulnerabletoattacks!EnteringWTOpresentsanewstageofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.3.Inevitably,Chinawillfacethechallengescharacterizingmainlybymanyaspects:mind,management,andoperationmechanisms.4.Accordingtoexperts,Chinashouldadopteffectivemeasurestomanageeconomy.Thesemainlyinclude:ⅰ.Keepingmoderatedevelopingspeedofeconomy;ⅱ.Fine-tuningeconomicstructureanddevelopingnewstyleindustry;ⅲ.Enhancingforceonenvironmentalconstructionandprotection;ⅳ.Boostingindustrializationofagricultureandincreasingpeasants’income;ⅴ.Establishingsocialsecuritysystem;ⅵ.Solvingunemploymentproblem;ⅶ.Propellingurbanization;ⅷ.Deepeningsystemreformandtransformingthefunctionofgovernment;ⅸ.Settingupmodernenterprisesystem;ⅹ.Creatingmorefavorablepoliticalenvironmentfordevelopmentofprivateenterpriseandsmallandmedium-sizedenterprise.5.China’saccessiontoWTOcanpromotenotonlythedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,butalsothatoftheworldeconomyanditwillinjectnewimpetusintotheprogressofAsianeconomyandworldeconomy.Ⅱ

FillinthetablebelowbygivingthecorrespondingChineseorEnglishequivalentsMacro-regulatorysystem行政垄断Transformationofgovernment’sfunctions市场经济rightsandresponsibilities行政干预smallandmedium-sizedenterprise指令性计划theformofeconomicgrowth现代企业制度

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