连词与状语从句

连词与状语从句句子句子的分类简单句并列句（并列连词）复合句（从属连词）连词(Conjunction)连词(Conjunction)一、连词定义:

用来连接词、短语或句子的词。

e.g.

IstudyEnglishand

Chinese.Doesheworkatschoolor

inthehospital?

Igetupearly,but

mybrothergetsuplate.二、连词分类：并列连词从属连词——引导从句连词：and,but,or,so,(for)连词词组:either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and,(aswellas)that，whether,if,unless,while/when,until,because,sothat,so…that,though/although,evenif,as…as等三、用法(五三---P133）（一）.并列连词---连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的有：(1)表并列关系的and,both…and…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas(和,也,除…外,而且),aswell(也，和，用于句末）等。(2)表选择关系的or(else),otherwise,either…or等。(3)表转折关系的but,yet,however,while,whereas等。(4)表因果关系的for,so,therefore，thus等。注意：(P133)When(这时，那时）While(然而，却）

表前后两者的对比

（P131---高考题）

（二）.从属连词---

是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。分为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语从句的连词。1.引导名词性的从句(1).that,whether,if不充当成分.(2).连接代词who,whom,which,what

充当主,宾,定,表语等.(3).连接副词when,where,how,why状语.2.引导状语从句

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句（五三---P133）（一）时间状语从句引导词whenwheneveraswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas

each/everytimenexttimethefirst/…timethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly

(一…就…)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when1）when,while,as的区别（互换的情况）2)when的用法：wasdoing…when,beabouttodo…when“正在做某事/正要做….突然发生另一件事”。3.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别：

Itis+时刻+when…（Itis+时间状语+that+句子其他部分）Itis/hasbeen+段时+since…Itwillbe/was+段时+before(现在时/过去时).“过一段时间后才”

Itwillnotbe/wasnot+段时+before(现在时/过去时).“没多久就”4).before的用法：

A：表“还未来得及…就…”B：表“过一段时间才…”，5).until的用法：在not…until结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，“直到…才”;谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到…”。6)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when刚……就A.时态：主句用过去完成时（had+pp）从句用一般过去时B.倒装：nosooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要倒装Shehad

nosooner

arrivedatthestationthanthetrainstartedtomove.Nosoonerhadshearrivedatthestationthan….Hehad

hardly

enteredthehotelwhenitbegantosnow.Hardlyhadheenteredthehotel

whenitbegantosnow7）themoment/minute/second/instant,directly,immediately,instantly

一…就…8)Eachtime/everytime,anytime前面不用冠词(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime前面的冠词the可省

1.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad____wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(2004辽宁)A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever2.Itisalmostfiveyears____wesaweachotherlasttime.(2005北京)A.before

B.sinceC.after

D.when3.Simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken_____hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.(2005北京春)A.untilB.unlessC.after

D.becauseBBA4.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears____theNorthwonintheend.(2005广东30)A.afterB.before

C.whenD.then5.--DidJackcomebackearlylastnight？--Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clock_____hearrivedhome.(2005福建)A.before

B.whenC.that

D.until6.Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstartedA.when

B.whileC.until

D.before(2004北京春)BBA地点状语从句由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere引导（二）地点状语从句

1.抽象地点，放主句前2.注意状语从句和定语从句的区别。3.注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.1.Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown，pleasedoastheRomansdo.(2006天津)A.inwhich

B.whatC.whenD.where2.Inpeace，too，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering.(06江西)A.whoever

B.however

C.whatever

D.wherever3.--Mom，whatdidyourdoctorsay？--Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.(2006四川)A.inwhere

B.inwhich

C.theplacewhere

D.whereDDD（三）条件状语从句ifas/solongas只要unlessincase（如果，万一）suppose/supposing(that)假设Providing/provided(that)如果onconditionthat条件是given(that)

考虑到，假定分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。1)在真实条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过去时表过去将来时（主将从现）

2)if，unless，incase是考查重点。unless=if…notYouwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.

除非你努力，否则你就要失败1._____youcallmetosayyou'renotcoming，I'llseeyouatthetheatre.(2004吉林)A.Though

B.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless2.---Whatwouldyoudoifit___tomorrow？

---Wehavetocarryiton，sincewe'vegoteverythingready.A.rain

B.rainsC.willrainD.israining(05全国)DB

3.Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening____youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.(2005安徽)A.asB.ifC.whenD.unless4._______you‘vetriedit，youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.(06北京)A.UnlessB.BecauseC.Although

D.When5.Intimeofseriousaccidents，____weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.(2006重庆)A.whether

B.untilC.ifD.unlessDAC（四）原因状语从句一、常用的4个引导词的语气由强至弱依次为：

because→since→as→for;

1.because

语气最强,指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，可用于回答why提出的问题例：

—Whyissheabsent?她为什么缺席？

—Becausesheissick.因为她病了。在强调句型中，强调原因状语时，只能用because，其他三者不可以。例如：

ItwasbecauseImissedtheearlybusthatIwaslateforschool.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。

2.Since从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由“既然”语气较because弱，通常句首，有时可表示含有勉强语气的原因。例：Sinceeveryoneishere,let‘sstart.

既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧！SinceIunderstoodverylittleJapanese,Icouldn'tfollowtheconversation.我日语懂得不多，因而听不懂对话。Sinceyoucan‘tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。

since可用于省略句Sinceso,Ihavenothingtosay.nowthat（既然…）,

类似于since.突出事件性，表突发情况，that可省略.Nowthatyoudon’tfeelwell,havearestforawhile.既然你不舒服，那就休息一会儿吧。

3.nowthat4.As表示的“原因”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含义与since相同，但语气更弱，不如since正式。“由于，鉴于”如：As

it

was

late

，

we

came

back

soon.（由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来。）

5.for

for不表示直接原因，表明附加或推断的理由，所引导的分句只能放在主句，用逗号隔开（

for不可置于句首)。它有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后，且可与because换用)；Icouldnotgo,for/becauseIwasill.我没能去，是因为我病了。有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨晚一定下过雨，你看今天早上地面是湿的。(此句不能用because代for)二、特殊的引导词When（含有轻微的责怪语气）seeingthatconsideringthat（五三P136左上角）1.Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren'srequestsforsunglasses____eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.(2004上海)A.because

B.thoughC.unlessD.if2.JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,____thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.(2006广东)A.as

B.ifC.whenD.whereAA（五）结果状语从句翻译句子Thehouseisso_expensive_thatIcan‘taffordit.

(2)Thisisso_interesting_a_bookthatweallwanttoreadit.(3)Thereareso_many_new_wordsinthepassagethatIcan'tunderstandit.(4)Heissuch_a_clever_boy

thatwealllikehim.结果状语从句常见引导词：so…that…/such…that…主要有下面的几个句型：①…so＋adj./adv.＋that…②so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that③somany/few/much/little(少）＋n(可数名词复数或不可数名词)＋that④such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that…⑤such＋adj.＋n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)＋that…特殊引导词sothatSoastoSuchasto(P136例句）Too…to…enoughtodo…(足够…可以…)(1)Wegotupearlyin_order_that/sothatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.(2)Wegotupearlyfor_fear_that/lest/in_case_that(以免)weshouldmissthefirstbus.（六）目的状语从句翻译句子

常见的引导词：inorderthat/sothat…“为了……”特殊引导词：incasethat/forfearthat/lest“以免；以防”sothat/inorderthat＋从句(从句用can/could/may/might＋动词原形)（sothat从句不能放句首，还可引导结果状语从句）2.forfearthat/incase（that）＋从句，意为“害怕、担心某事发生”，“以防…”.（七）让步状语从句翻译句子(1)Althoughheisrich,heneverwastesacoin.(2)Richmanasheis,heworkshard.(3)Hardasheworked,hefailed.(4)Tryashemight,Tomcouldnotgetoutofthedifficulty.(5)Even_if

itsnowstomorrow,weshallstillgoonbusiness.(6)No_matter_who

(＝Whoever)breakstherule,hewillbepunished.(7)Whetheryougoornottomorrow,wewillgoouting.1.although,though2.evenif,eventhough

(evenif侧重于假设；eventhough侧重于事实)3.whether…or…4.while(句首），when(句中）(=although)

5.

“no

matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”

(同)：它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。

No

matter

what

happened,

he

would

not

mind.

(=Whatever

happened,

he

would

not

mind.)

No

matter

who

you

are,

you

must

keep

the

law.(=Whoever

you

are,

you

must

keep

the

law.(异)：“no

matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句I’ll

eat

whatever

(≠no

matter

what)

you

give

me.

(whatever引导宾语从句)Whoever(≠no

matter

who)

comes

will

be

welcome.(Whoever

引导主语从句)

6.as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。

Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.=Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.（注意:在child前不要用冠词）ThoughIlikeitverymuch,Iwon’tbuyit.=Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.Thoughhemaytry,hewon’tfinishitontime.=Tryas/thoughhemay,hewon’tfinishitontime.

7.However

(=No

matter

how)+adj/adv

+

陈述语序

However

(=No

matter

how)

expensive

it

may

be,

I’ll

take

it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。（八）方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词或短语：as,asif,asthough等。注意以下几点：(1)as引导方式状语从句时意为“按照”,“如同”

Ididitjustasyoutoldme.（按照）

我是按照你的吩咐做的。

Hedidn’twinthematchasexpected.(如同）

他没有像预料的那样赢得比赛。(2)asif和asthough引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。

Itseemsasifitweregoingtorain.（阳光明媚）Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.。(乌云密闭）

天似乎要下雨了（九）比较状语从句1.

as…as…

“和…一样”

Jack

is

as

tall

as

Bob.

not

so/as…as

…

“和…不一样”She

is

not

so/asoutgoing

as

her

sister.

2.比较级than

“比…更…”

This

book

is

more

instructive

than

that

one.

3.

the

+

比较级+

陈述句,

the

+

比较级+

陈述句

“

越---越---”

The

more

you

study,

the

more

knowledge

you

can

get

。4.

特殊句型

A

is

to

B

what

C

is

to

D

Food

is

to

men

what

oil