词性、句子成分、句型 02

词性、句子成分、句子结构ByVivian1英语单词的词性八大句子成分五大基本句型2一、英语单词的词性分类名词n.student学生介词prep.at在...动词v.cut砍、割连词conj.and和形容词adj.happy高兴的感叹词interj.dear天呐

代词pron.you你冠词art.The/a/an数词num.three三副词adv.quickly迅速地3e.g.:Employeecangetmorebenefitfromtelecommutingthanemployer.主谓一致/单复数词尾变化2.可数名词不能单独使用EmployeeemployeesEmployeremployers名词

4比较级的变化词性混用：很多学生把形容词当做主语来用形容词

e.g.:Honestissoimportantforeveryone.5定义：连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。分类：并列连词和从属连词

并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and,but,or,nor,so,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,andthen等等。

从属连词经常引导一个从句,如:when,where,because,if,as,等连词

6分类：基数词；序数词一、基数词基数词写法和读法二、序数词1）序数词的缩写形式：first—1st

second—2nd

thirty-first—31st三、数词的用法

1）倍数表示法:twice/threetimes2）分数表示法:one-third/two-thirds数词

7介词：介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结构等.Theoldwomanhaslivedinthetownfor30years.JapanistotheeastofChina.YoumusthavebeeninterestedinwhatLiuqianperformedintheparty.Iwillfinishethetaskinadvancebycooperatingwithmycolleagues.介词

8功能：主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子e.g.:Hespokeslowlyandcarefully.Thefoodidverydelicious.Hefallsfarbehindinhisclassroom.Certainly,Iwillstandbyyouforever.分类：时间副词:soon,then,today,tomorrow,afterwards地点副词:here,there程度副词:very,quite,rather方式副词:beautifully,reluctantly,well频度副词:often,frequently,always副词

9Practise:迅速找出句子里的语法错误1.Theproblemsthatarecreatedbyenvironmentalcontamunation(污染)isveryhardtoresolve.2.Manystudentsarelikestudyinghomeeconomics.3.Inpresent-daysociety,cultureswerebecomingverysimilar.4.TheInternethasinsteadofmanyclassrooms.5.Someparentsdonotobeytrafficruleshimself.6.Intelligentstudentsshouldnotbetreateddifferentbttheirteachers.(一处错误)isareAre去掉Wereareinsteadoftakenpalceof

himselfthemselvesdifferentdifferently10八大句子成分主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语状语，补语，同位语11主语：思考“什么不能充当主语”1)Sometowns,cities,regionsandcountriesseemtohavebettereducationthanothers.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandsixiseight.4)Increasingthepriceofpetrolisthebestwaytosolvegrowingtrafficandpollutionproblems.(剑8例句)5)Tobeavaluablememberofanycommunityisnotlikelearningasimpleskill.(剑8例句)6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.12主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等，一般在句首。动词原形不等充当主语13谓语：思考“一个句子应该有几个谓语动词”1)Ilikereading.2)Fewpeoplewouldseektopreservetraditions.3)Whatareyoudoing?4)Whathaveyoudone?

5)Hewasoftenlaughedatforthis.6)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.7)Thebenefitsofcomputerskillsforyoungchindrencannotbedenied.14谓语是说明主语的动作，状态或特征，在英语中一个句子永远只能有一个动词构成。简单谓语：like复合谓语：havedone一个句子有且只有一个谓语结构15宾语：思考“是否所有的谓语动词都能加宾语”Ithinkitrighttohelpher.Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodoinsummer.Agoodwriterdoesnotconcentrateonthewords,phrases

andgrammar.16宾语表示动作的行为对象，通常在及物动词和介词的后面。能充当宾语的有可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。及物动词和介词后面才能加宾语17表语：思考“副词是否能当表语”1)Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.2)Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent.3)Theworldinsidetheschoolwallisdifferent

fromtheworldoutsidethosewalls.4)Traditionalmethodmayprovevaluableinthefuture.5)Thefactis

thatIneverlikehimatall.6)OurpurposeistoachieveIELTStest.18表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，它常位于系动词之后。表语常由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、从句来充当。副词不能充当表语Helooksbeautifully??!!19定语：思考“定语的位置”1）Electric

carswouldbebothquieterandcleanertouse.2)Thegirlintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.

3)Employeesneedtofeelthattheyaredoingvaluedandvaluablework.4)Inaddition,thegovernmentshouldfundtheparental

support.5)Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.6)Theyaremoreimportanttoourwell-beingandourfuturethanthestarswhoearntheirfortunessoquickly.20定语对名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。能充当定语的有形容词，介词短语，分词，或句子。单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面21状语：找出一下句子的状语1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Sheputtheeggintothebasketwithgreatcare.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.6)IwillcallyoubythetimeIarriveinLondon.22定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。状语的功用：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由：副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。23补语：难易程度※※※※※常见为以下五种结构：1)名词+名词Thewarmadehimasoldier.2)名词+形容词Manypeoplefindtheirrewardsunfair.3)名词+介词短语Ioftenfindhimatwork.4)名词+动词不定时Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.5)名词+分词Isawacatrunningacorsstheroad.24补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,在句法上是不可或缺的。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。NOTE：补语是句子中最难理解的成分，现在同学们只要掌握并运用好主，谓，宾，表，定就足够了25同位语：难易程度※※※※

1）Wewereoverjoyedatthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2）Youcanleavetheworktothemthree.

3）Weallarestudents.4)Playingchess,onlyinterestofhislife,bringshimmuchfriends.Tips:同位语是在名词或代词之后，重复指代并进一步说明名词或代词的成分。常置被修饰词语后．26Practise:正确划出下列句子的成分：1)Isawyouruncleintheshopyesterday.2)HerfatherbecameaPartymemberin1950.3)SheknowshowtoteachEnglishproperly.4)Mr.HopkinsteachesMaryEnglish.27[I]

[saw]

[youruncle]

[intheshop][yesterday].[主]

[谓]

[宾语]

[地点状语]

[时间状语]2)[Herfather]

[became]

[aPartymember]

[in1950].

[主][系动词][表语][时间状语]

3)[She]

[knows]

[howtoteachEnglishproperly].

[主][谓][宾语]4)[Mr.Hopkins]

[teaches]

[Mary]

[English].[主][谓][间接宾语][直接宾语]28三、五大基本句型3.1学习五大基本句型的作用是什么？3.2英语简单句的五大基本句型分别是什么？29五大基本句型：主＋谓主＋谓+宾主＋系＋表主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾主+谓+宾+宾补30一、SV（主+谓不及物）Manproposes;Goddisposes.Thesunrisesandthesunsets.Firstimpressionscount.

（剑3，G,TB，R）1、他学习很好2、公交车和货车相撞。(货车：van相撞：collide)Hestudyswell.Thebusandvancollided31二、SVO(主+谓+宾及物）I`vefinishedreadingthebook.I`llpick

youupthisevening.Beautywillbuynobeef.

1、垃圾食品危害人的健康。（垃圾食品:Junkfood危害:impair）

2、旅游开阔了眼界.（旅游:travelling开阔:broaden眼界：vision）

Junkfoodimpairspeople’shealth.Travellingbroadensone’svision.32三、SVP(主+系+表)Helooks

unhappy.Thebestproofofloveis

trust.

Breadis

thestaffoflife.

1、运动是对学习时间和学校资源的浪费。学习时间：schooltime资源：resource浪费：awasteof2、现代世界充满竞争。(剑5,T3,W）Sportisawasteofschooltimeandresources.Themodernworldisfullofcompetition.33在英语中，除了be动词以外，还有以下系动词：1）单纯表示主语的特征、状态的：feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等。①Thatsoundsgreat.②Thechickentastesnice.2）表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的：become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come①Hopeyourdreamswillcome

true.

②Theleafwillturnyellowinautumn.3）表示主语保持某种状态：continue,remain,stay,keep,hold,rest,prove等。①Theweathercontinued

fineforseveraldays.②Heheld

silentforthewholeday.34四、SVoO（主+谓+间宾+直宾）Heshowed

theguard

hispassport.Iwillbuy

you

ameal.1、他们给我三天时间来做这份工作。2、跳槽给我们带来成就感.（跳槽:job-hopping成就感：asenseofachievement.）Theyallowedmethreedaystodothework.Job-hoppingoffersusasenseofachievement.35五、SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补）Youcanleavethedooropen.Thechairmandeclaredthemeetingover.Ahedge(树篱)betweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.TheyappointedJohnchairman.1、所有的评论家都认为这本书是一部杰作。

（critics:评论家consider:认为masterpiece:杰作）

2、我们发现他很适合做这项工作。适合：suitable

Allthecriticsconsideredthebookamasterpiece.

Wefoundhimaverysuitablepersonforthejob.36

比较：双宾语和复合宾语

①ImadeJohnourchairman.

②ImadeJohnacake.37Therebe句型There+be+主语+状语Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.

therebe结构中的be可以运用各种时态。

现在存在

thereis/are…过去存在therewas/were…将来存在

therewillbe…/is/aregoingtobe...现在已经存在

therehas/havebeen…38Therebe的就近原则动词be单复数形式要跟therebe之后的真正的主语一致，并且要根据就近一