大学英语修辞学第七章

7.5Aposiopesis急止法

Greek,meaning“becomingsilent”,breakingoffhalfwayinasentence,leavingtherestunsaid.E.g.Keith:(Lettinggoherarms)MyGod!Ifthepolicecome…findmehere…(Hedashestothedoor.Thenstops.)(Galsworthy)Categories1.beingtooexcitedtocompletethesentence,ortryingtoimpressreaderswithavaguehintofanidea.E.g.WhenIlookedintotheroom,thefirstthingIsaw---butIdarenotdescribethatdreadfulsight.2.implyingastrongsenseofmenaceorintimidation.E.g.1)Theguardsaidtotheprisoner,“Anotherstepforwardandyouwill…”2)“You’dbetterdothisorelse...”3)“IfonlyIknewwhokilledthatcherrytree,”hecried,“Iwould…yes,Iwould…”3.leavingsomesuspenseonreaders.E.g.“I’magreeing,withyou,only…”CROFTS：(starting，withasuppressedoath）Whotoldyou?VIVIE:Yourpartner.Mymother.CROFTS:(blackwithrage)Theold--- (B.Shaw:Mrs.Warren’sProfession)7.6Apostrophe呼告法OfGreekorigin,meaning“turningaway.”avocativeaddresstoanabsent,ordeadperson,ortoaninanimateobjectorqualityasifpersonifiedandcapableofunderstanding.E.g.:Milton!Thoushould’stbelivingatthishour:Englandhathneedofthee:…(WilliamWordsworth,London,1802)弥尔顿！你该活在这个时候，英国需要你！。。。1)Obythenewcomer!IhaveheardIheartheeandrejoiceCuckoo!ShallIcalltheebirdOrbutawanderingvoice? (W.Wordsworth:TotheCuckoo)2)Rollon,thoudeepanddarkblueocean,…roll!Tenthousandfleetssweepovertheeinvain.(Byron)typicallyexclamatoryandemotive.particularlystrikinginsoliloquy,orattheopeningofpoems:England!Awake!Awake!Awake!Jerusalemthysistercalls! (W.Blake)Captain!myCaptain!riseupandhearthebells;Riseup—foryoutheflagishung—foryouthebugletrills,Foryoubouquetsandribbonedwreathe—foryoutheshoresa-crowding,Foryoutheycall,theswayingmass,theireagerfacesturning;HearCaptain!dearfather!Thisarmbeneathyourhead;Itissomedreamthatonthedeck,You’vefallencoldanddead.7.7Pun双关AccordingtoOED,thewordpundidnotappearin

Englishuntil1662withDryden;thisword-playisfoundinEnglishliteraturesinceearliesttimes.Apuniscreatedoftenbytheuseofapolysemousword.Readashortstory:Whichwordisthepolysemousword(pun)init?AninsurancebrokeinFloridalovesoceanfishingandtakeshisportabletelephonealongontheboat.Onemorninghewasdriftingabouttenmilesoffshoreashediscussedbusinessonthephone.Suddenlyhisrodbentdouble,andthereelscreamedaslinepouredoffthespool.“Pardonme,”hetoldhiscustomercalmly.“Ihaveacallonanotherline.”InEnglishlanguage,therearemanywordsthatarepronouncedalikeand/orspeltalike.Theycanbeusedtocreatepuns.Lessbread,nojam.(adforthesubway)1.Homonyms:wordsidentifiedinsoundandspellingbutdifferentinmeaning同音同形词ball[n.anyroundorsphericalobject]ball[n.aformalsocialdance] bark[n.anyboat,esp.asmallsailingboat]bark[v.tomakethesharp,abruptcryofadog]flat[adj.havingasmooth,levelsurface]flat[n.asuitofroomsononefloorofabuilding]lieliePunsofhomonymsarebothinwrittenandspokenform.2.Homophones:wordsidentifiedinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning同音异形词balen.alargebundlebailv.t.toremovewaterfrom(aboat)furn.shortfinesofthairofcertainanimalsfirn.akindofevergreentreewrite;rite;rightPunsofhomophonesareinspokenform,notinwrittenform.3.Homographs:wordsidentifiedinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaning同形异音词bown.bowv.minuten.minuteadj.windn.windv./li:d//led/Punsofhomographsareinwrittenform,notinspokenform./bau//bou//’minit//mai’nju:t//wind//waind/leadv.leadn.Practice

1)Ifwedon’thangtogetherwe’llhangseparately.(BenjaminFrankling)2)Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.3)Askformetomorrowandyoushallfindmeagraveman.(Shakespeare)4)Whatisthedifferencebetweenasoldierandayounggirl?Onepowderstheface,theotherfacesthepowder.1)Sevendayswithoutwatermakeone[wi:k].2)OnSundaythey[prei]foryouandonMondaythey[prei]onyou.3)Thesun’s/sons[reiz][mi:t].4)Manyablonde[daiz]byherownhand.1)week;weak2)pray;prey3)Thesun’sraysmeet.Thesonsraisemeat.4)dyes;diesPunisaword-play.Becauseofitssimilarityinsoundand(or)graphbutdisparityofmeaning,punisoftenusedinriddles:1)WhatstartswithT,endswithT,andisfullofT?—()2)Whyiseverybookliketreeinsummer?

—Becauseeverybookisfullof().

3)Whyisariverrich?

—Becauseithastwo().4)Howdoyoukeepcoolatafootballgame?

—Sitnexttoa().5)Whyshouldamannevertellhissecretinacornfield?

—Becauseithassomany().Punisexclusivelyadeviceofhumor.Theycommonlyoccurinjokesandareincreasinglyusedinn