创新大学英语1 Unit2 sentence

UnitTwo

SentenceStudyJuliehadturned8inOctoberandasChristmasapproached,SantaClauswasmoreandmoreonhermind.(L.1)Juliehadbecome8inOctober.WiththeapproachofChristmas,shethoughtaboutSantaClausemoreandmore.

十月份朱莉已经满8岁了。随着圣诞节的临近，她越来越惦念着圣诞老人。

NeitherhenorIwassureshereallywantedthetruth.(L.5)neither…nor…:

e.g.Ineedneitheryourhelpnorhis.

Theyworkneitherforfamenorforpersonalgain.他和我一样，无法确定她是否真的想知道真相。既不……也不……（连接并列成分）PhraseRelatedeither…or…:e.g.Youcouldeithergotothelibraryorattendtheclass.

Notice

当以上两词组连接两个主语时，动词和最近的主语一致。不是……就是……；……或……（连接并列成分）Brainstorm1）你姑姑和我都没有任何别的想法，只是怎样对你最好。NeitheryourauntnorIhaveanyotherthoughtbutwhatIsbestforyou.2）明天萨姆或乔陪你去开会。EitherSamorJoewillaccompanyyoutothemeetingtomorrow.Andwebothwerereluctant

togiveupSantaClausourselves.(L.6)而且我俩也都不愿意放弃圣诞老人。

WegottotellJulieandheryoungerbrother,Adam,toputoutthecookiesincase

Santawashungry.(L.6)我们告诉朱莉和她弟弟亚当，需放些饼干在外面以防圣诞老人肚子饿。Wemadeafussabout

thefirebeingoutinthefireplacesohewouldn’tgetburned.(L.8)Wedeliberatelyinsistedthefireinthefireplacebeputout,oritwouldburnSantaClaus.Actually,weknewclearlyitwasnotnecessaryforustodoso.

我们故弄玄虚地说，要把壁炉里的火灭了，他（圣诞老人）才不会被烧伤。

thefirebeing复合宾语：名（代）词+现在分词

名词或代词为现在分词的逻辑主语或宾语e.g.Ican’timagineGradmaridingamotor-bike.Heinsisteduponasecondmessagebeingsent.SentenceEnhancement1）Ishouldaskyou________________________.(而不是你问我)2）Iremember__________________________.(他父亲曾告知我此事)insteadofyouaskingmehisfathertellingmeaboutitWeissuedafewthreatsabouthislistofgoodchildrenandbad.(L.9)WewarnedthatSantaClaushadalistofgoodchildrenandbadchildren.

我们几次发出威胁，说圣诞老人手上有一份好孩子和坏孩子的名单。ItwasallpartofthetensionandthrillofChristmasEve—thenightthefantasycomestrue.Andthatfantasyofafatjollymanwhofliesthroughtheskyinasleighandarrivesviachimneywithpresents—thatsinglebeliefsayseverythingabouttheinnocenceofchildren.(L.10)ThiswasChristmasEve,anintenseandexcitingeveningwhendreamsbecamereality.Afatandhappyoldmanfliesthroughtheskyinasleighandarrivesviachimneywithgifts.Thisbeliefshowshowinnocentchildrenare.

这就是圣诞前夜紧张而激动人心的一幕——梦幻成真的一夜：一个胖乎乎、乐呵呵的老人，驾着雪掠过天空，带着礼物从烟囱来到这儿——仅此想就极尽童真。…thenightthefantasycomestrue:

Noticethatinthesentence,therelativeadv.“when”hasbeenleftoutafter“thenight”.Thisiscommonwhentherelativeclauseismodifyingatimeexpression.e.g.Theday(that,when,onwhich)IarrivedwasMonday.Note：

“Andthatfantasy…withpresents”

istheappositive

of“thatsinglebelief”.

Andinthesentence

“who…withpresents”

isanattributiveclausetomodifytheantecedent

“man”. IfSantaweretosignit,shecouldcompare

ourhandwriting

withhis.(L.18)这样如果圣诞老人签名的话，她就可以把我们的迹和他的进行比较。IfSantaweretosignitshecould…类型从句主句对现在情况的虚拟过去时（be用were）woulddo

对过去情况的虚拟

had+donewouldhavedone对将来情况的虚拟

shoulddo(pasttense,wereto)woulddoIf结构虚拟句(subjunctivemood)：表示是假设或实现可能性不大。SomeExamplesIfI

hadvaluedher

trueloveatthattime,we

wouldhavebeen

aperfectmatch.IfGod

gave(shouldgive)

meanotherchance,

I

wouldsay

toher“Iloveyou”.

Ifourlove

hadtobe

setatimelimit,it

wouldbe

10.000years.Notes:错综复杂的从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致。

e.g.Ifhehadnottakenthedrug,hewouldbestillalivetoday.(从句是对过去情况的虚拟假设，主句对现在情况的虚拟)2.

虚拟语气的倒装——省略“if”条件句：

If被省略掉而把

were,had,should

放在主语前面。e.g.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,wewouldbeingreattrouble.

Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,wewouldbeingreattrouble.=Thenshewouldknowshehadnotbeentricked.(L.19)然后她就会知道自己是否被骗了。

Afterashortdiscussion,weoptedfordeceit.(L.25)Afterashortdiscussion,wechoosedishonesty.商量片刻，我们决定哄骗他们。Jerrytookthenoteand,inthesquiggliesthandwritingimaginable,wrote“MerryChristmas,SantaClaus.”(L.25)杰瑞拿出那张字条，用尽可能潦草的字迹写上“祝你圣诞快乐！圣诞老人。”

Thenextmorning,veryearly,about6,weheardJulieandAdamteardownthehall.(L.28)我们听见朱莉和亚当冲进楼下的客厅。“Iknowforsure,forreally,reallysure.Look!”andJulieproducedtheproof.(L.36)

“我肯定地知道。非常、非常肯定。看！”朱莉出示了证据。

Icouldseehewastryingtothinkofaway,anyway,toexplainourbehaviorsoitwouldn’tsoundquiteasdeceptive,wrongandstupidasitwas.(L.47)Isawhimstrugglingtofindacertainwaytoexplainourbehavior,makingitsoundnotsodeceptive,wrongandstupid.我看得出，他正努力寻思着用某种方法来解释我的行为，不管是什么方法，得让它听起来不是那充满欺骗、谬误和愚蠢。as…as…:

usedwhenyouarecomparingtwopeople,things,situationsetc.Notice:

Theadj.oradv.inbetweenshouldbepositivedegree.

e.g.Sheisanoldwomanwithhairaswhiteassnow.Notes：

“hewastrying…asitwas”

isanobjectclause. “anyway”

isaninsertedstructure. “…deceptive,wrongandstupid…”

isaparataxisstructure.

名词:

Studiesservefordelight,forornament(高雅),andforability. 形容词:

Jackishonest,diligent,andtalented.

副词：Theworkishandsomelyandskillfullydone.

介词词组：Theroomisfifteenfeetinlengthandthirteenfeetinwidth.

Othercomponentspossibletobeusedasparataxisstructure:

不定式：Toknowwhatisgoodandtodowhatisrightarenotthesamething.