八年级英语unit6 How long have you been collecting shells课件人教版

AttackyourlimitationsBuildyourconfidenceCommityourself信：人言可畏

誓言：有口无心

警示语：当你失去的时候才想拥有Helaughsbestwholaughslast!

Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?

Newwords

1.collectv.

2.collectionn.

3.collectorn.

4.skatev./n.

5.skatern.

6.goskating

7.runoutof

lookoutofoutofstyleEuropeEuropeanChinaChineseRussiaRussianJapanJapaneseJewJewishAustralia---Australian

澳大利亚人(的)Russia---Russian

俄罗斯人(的)Jew---Jewish

犹太人---犹太人的England---English

英国人(的)China---Chinese

中国人(的)Japan---Japanese

日本人(的)

Europe---European

欧洲人(的)Asia---Asian

亚洲人(的)west---western

西方人(的)east---eastern

东方人(的)shell /el/贝壳marathon

马拉松skater /skeitə/溜冰者skate /skeit/溜冰,溜冰鞋Readbyyourselvesloudly.放开声音自己读.自学(1)

/`mærə

ən/

勇敢的你不会就问

CollectshellsCollectcoinsCollectstampsCollectkitesCollecttoyanimalsSnowglobeskitesflyingakite

stampteapotstoneflashcarddollpicturebookManypeopleliketocollect.Theyoftencollect……

papermoneytrafficcardcoinwatch/clocknewspaper

ticketpicturepostcardcreditcarddrawing?wasborn?startedteachingEnglishhavebeenteaching?yearsI

started

teachingEnglishin2001.IhavebeenteachingEnglish

2013teachMyteachinglifefor12years.since12yearsago.since2001.sinceIwas23yearsold.1978200112……wasborn……startedlearningEnglishhavebeenlearning1.5yearsIstartedlearningEnglishin...IhavebeenlearningEnglish2013studyTask1—Speakingsince…for…Yourlifexxx20115HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?YaoMing’ssportslife1980wasborn1989startedplayingbasketballhasbeenplaying24yearsHestartedplayingbasketballin1989.Hehasbeenplayingbasketball

since1989.Hehasbeenplayingbasketball

for24years.2013playsHehasbeenplayingbasketball

since24yearsago.Hehasbeenplayingbasketball

sincehewas10yearsold.pairworkA:Howlonghasshebeenpalyingfootball

?B:Shehasbeenplayingfootballfor30minutes./since30minutesago.playingfootball30minutessleeping40minutesplayingcomputer4hourswatchingTV3hours

skating2hourscooking1hourTask2现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别I1.现在完成时:have+过去分词表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发生过的动作,或者到这一时间为止已经完成的动作.2.现在完成进时:have+been+现在分词

(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作,并有可能持续下去,强调动作的全过程；表示从过去到现在的重复性动作。

(2)注意:多用于延续性动词，如work,live,study,skate,collect…

概念:动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在,

并且有可能持续下去构成:

have/hasbeen+doingsth+常用词:for+一段时间;since+

e.g.Howlong

have

you

beenswimming?Ihavebeenswimming

for

3years./since3yearsago.

Howlong

has

she

beenskating?Shehasbeenskating

since

nineo’clock.现在完成进行时从句(一般过去时)一段时间+ago过去的时间点时间状语:1.for+一段时间

2.since+过去的时间点

3.since+一般过去时的句子表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去，由上下文而定。这个时态多用于延续性动词。现在完成进行时构成：have/hasbeen+V.ing+……Howlonghaveyoubeendoing…?

I’vebeendoing…for…+一段时间since…+一个时间点

+

一段时间+ago

+

从句注意点三：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：

①原形+ed

如：worked,

passed

②词尾是e时，直接加d

如：liked

lived

③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:

played

stayed

studied

cried

④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：

stopped

dropped

动词的过去分词的规则变化初中英语不规则动词巧记法

英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成，而不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将初中英语(新目标goforit)中常见的不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。同学们还可将第四、五类分为若干组，以便准确记忆。一、AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）costcostcut（割）cutcuthit（打）hithithurt(伤害）hurthurtlet（让）letletput（放）putputset（设置）setset

read（读）

read／red/

read

／red/二、AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动）beat

beaten三、ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成）

became

becomecome（来）

camecome四、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）

get（得到）

gotgothold（抓住）

heldheldsit（坐）

satsatwin（赢）

wonwonmeet（遇见）

metmet

keep（保持）

keptkeptsleep（睡）

sleptslept五、ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）give（给）gave

given

rise（升高）rose

risentake（取）

took

taken

mistake（弄错）

mistook

mistakenride（骑）rode

ridden

write（写）

wrote

writtendo（做）

did

done

go（去）went

gonesee（看见）

saw

seenspeak（说，讲)spokespokenbe(am,is,are)（是）was,were

been

非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如不能说：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以说：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.

这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy--study注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.Readthefollowingmessage.Thendrawlinestomatchthesnowglobeswiththeirdescriptions.DearJack,Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.Iloveit.InfactIthinkit’sprobablymyfavorite.I’vebeencollectingsnowglobesforsevenyears,andnowIhave226ofthem.MymomsaysIhavetostop,becausewe’verunoutofroomtostorethem.They’reallaroundourapartment.Ievenstoretheminboxesundermybed.ThefirstoneIevergotwasabirthdaycakesnowglobeonmyseventhbirthday.Iparticularlyloveglobeswithanimals.Ihaveabigonewithbearsinit,andanotheronewithpenguins.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.I’dliketostartasnowglobecollectors’club.Bytheway,what’syourhobby?Love,Ellensendsbsth=sendsthtosb

送给某人某物monster

n.怪物；妖怪runoutof

用完；用尽store

v.储存cake

n.蛋糕particularlyadv.

独特地；显著地，特别地anyonepron.任何人start

v.发起；开办collectorn.收藏家bytheway

顺便；附带说说WordsandExpressions

Drawlinestomatchthesnowglobeswiththeirdescriptions.thesnowglobeofthemonster

thebigglobewithtwobearinittheglobewithpenguins

thebirthdaycakesnowglobe

have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别1.have(has)gone表示“已经去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾经去过某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。)不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词

巧记规律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eatenAAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)ABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten

write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解这部电影的内容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）总结现在完成时：1、构成：have/has+过去分词。2、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。

a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：since1997,sincetwoyearsago,sincelastweek

Classexercises课堂作业时态填空:1.Howlong_____you___________(collect)stamps?Forhalfayear.2.Howlong____he_________(skate)?SinceI_______(be)tenyearsold.3.When____he____(start)learningtodance?In2002.4.We______________(run)ontheplaygroundsince6o’clocka.m.havehasbeenskatingwasdidstartbeencollectinghavebeenrunning选择填空：1.()Howlong____you_____lastyear?A.have/sleptB.have/beensleepingC.were/sleeping2.()When____he____classtoday?A.did/startB.is/startC.has/beenstarting3.()Howlong____you____?Ihavebeenswimmingforanhour.A.have/swumB.have/beenswimmingC.did/swim4.()IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceI___sevenyearsold.A.amB.wasC.havebeen5.()Thankyoufor______tome.A.writeB.writingC.wroteAABBB7.I’minterested_____sciencenow.A.onB.atC.in8.Ihaveagoodfriend_____FrancewhosenameisPaul.A.ofB.inC.for9.Canyoutellmethedifferences_______Chinesefood____Westernfood?A./andB./orCbetweenand10.I’mgladtohearthatTomhas________.A.arrivedB.arrivedinC.got11.Canyoutellme______intoday’snewspaper?A.someinterestingthingsB.anyinterestingthingC.somethinginterestingCBCAC1.(

)I’ve

been

learning

English

________seven

years

_________

.

A.

for,

old

B.

since,

old

C.

since,

ago

D.

for,

ago

2.(

)

When

did

you

start

skating?

-______

.

A.

Since

two

years

ago

B.

Since

I

was

nine

years

old

C.

For

six

hours

D.

Five

years

ago

CD(

)3.Mr

Smith

__________

at

this

school

since

he

________

Xiamen

.

A.

has

been

teach,

came

B.

has

been

teaching,

came

C.

taught,

came

D.

has

been

teaching,

has

come(

)4.

This

pair

of

shoes

__________

very

nice

_________

expensive

.

A.

are,

but

B.

is

,

but

C.

are

,

and

D.

is

,

andBBFillintheblankwithfororsince1.Ihavebeenpracticingthepiano____10:30.2.Mariciahasbeenrunning____15minutes.3.Sarahhasbeensleepingsince_____9:00.4Dalehasbeentalkingonthephone_____5minutes.5.LouiehasbeenstudyingChinese____hewas6yearsold..6.Ihavebeenwatchingyou____10minutes.

sinceforsinceforsincefor一、用for和since填空TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework___twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_______twoyearsago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince1.Howlong_____you_____________(collect)stampsSincehalfanhourago.2.Howlong_____he____________(skate)?Sincehe_______(be)tenyearsold.3.When____he_____(start)learningEnglish.In2002.4.We__________________(run)ontheplaygroundsince6o’clocka.m.havehasbeenskatingwasdidstartbeencollectinghavebeenrunning二、时态填空(过去时或现在完成进行时)5.threeandahalfyeas数词+and+ahalf+复数名词数词+单数或复数名词+ahalfHeateoneandahalfapples.(正)Heateoneappleandahalf(正)Heateoneappleandahalfapple.(误)两个半…,三个半…等类似说法,也都用这两种结构,如:twoandahalforangestwoorangesandahalf1.