2020届高三英语专项练习专题八：《七选五说明类专练》

2020届高三英语专项练习专题八：七选五说明类专练第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共40分）一．七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A（考点24中难）TheUSAisasocietyformedbymanydifferentimmigrantculturesthatproducedanewandmixedculture.MostAmericanscelebratedifferentcustomswhichstartedinothercountriesandstartseveralnewtraditionsandcultures.①Theytendtoliveindependently,andcommunicatedirectly,honestlyandinformallywiththeirfamilies,friendsandcolleagues.Americansalwayskeepadvancingwiththetimes.③InAmerica,itisrelativelycommonforbothparentstowork,andAmericanwomenareequalpartnersinmarriage.IntheUSA,themostcommonfamilyunitconsistsoftheparentsandchildrenlivingunderoneroof.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttocompete,throughorganizedsportsandeducation,aswellasspeakouttheirmindsandhaveconfidencetostandupforwhattheybelievein.④Manyimmigrantfamiliesalsofeatureseveralgenerationslivingunderoneroof,withyoungerfamilymembersrespectingtheelders'needsandvaluingtheiropinions.Whenpeoplefromdifferentculturesgetmarriedandhavechildren,theymayhaveissueswhenitcomestomaintainingtheiruniquetraditionsandmixingsharedcustomsatthesametime.⑤However,withalittleeffort,childreninthesefamiliescanbenefitfromhavingbothoutlooksandtraditions.Childrenwhoareraisedbilinguallycanalsobenefitinfuturecareersandlearntomakedecisionsbetterthanmonolingualkids.ManyAmericansfindhappylifeisimportant.Theyarealsotaughttorespecttheirparentsatallcosts.Itcanbeachallengetofindtheperfectbalancebetweencultures.Accordingtosocialists,theAmericanfamilyculturehasmanyuniqueaspects.Americanchildrenrefusetofollowtheirparents'adviceandalwaysarguewiththem.ChangingratherthanstickingtotraditionisconsideredbymanyAmericansasimprovement.Thedifferenceiseasytodealwithifparentscanmeethalfwayandstandintheother'sshoes.B（考点24中难）IstillremembermyfirsttimegoingtotheChinesecompany'scanteen.WhenIsteppedontotheelevator,eachonewasfullofpeople.①However,therewasnosignoffireandpeoplewerelaughingandtalking.Ifollowedtheflowofthecrowdtothedoorsofthecanteen.ItoccurredtomethatinChinaeveryonehaslunchalmostatthesametime.②Thecanteenfollowedthisschedule,onlybeingopenafewhoursperday.WhenIstoodinthedoorway,IrealizedIhatdoactfastorIwouldbeleftbehind.③Unlikemyschoollunchroom,hereeveryonelinedupandtookatray,andinsteadofsilverwaretherewerechopsticksandsoupspoons.AsIwaspushedalongtheline,IsawdishesIdidn'trecognizeandaspeoplecutinlineandpickedupdishesleftandright,④Iendeduptakingaporkandcucumberdishandatofusalad.Ihavebeenatmycompanyforoverayearandahalf.⑤IhavelearnedwhatdishesIlike,mostlybytrialanderror,andalotoftheworkersknowmeandsayhellotome.Iamstillgettingusedtoeatinglunchat"lunchtime",butIthinkthescheduledefinitelyhelpskeepmeontrackduringtheday.Iwishthereweresomethinglikethisatofficesinmyhometown.IthoughtIhadmissedafiredrill.Therewasnoemergency;itwasjustlunchtime.Inoticedthingsatlunchtimewereabitdifferent.IfeltthatIneededtomakesomequickdecisions.Thecanteenremindedmeofmyschoollunchroom.AndnowIamgladtosayIammoreconfidentinthecanteen.IwasnotveryfamiliarwiththelocalfoodorrestaurantsinChina.C（考点24中难）Earthishometoaround7,000languages,aroundhalfofwhichareexpectedtodisappearby2100.Languagesdisappearformanyreasons.Sometimesyoungergenerationsstopleamingalanguagebecauseparentswantchildrentofitin.①NativeAmericanchildrenofthelate-19thcenturywererequiredtoattendboardingschoolswhereeducatorsforbadethemfromspeakingtheirnativelanguages.TheUnitedNationsranksendangeredlanguagesaccordingtotheirrisklevel.Forexample,a"criticallyendangered"languageisonethatevengrandparentsdon'tspeakoften.NewYork'sOnondagalanguageisanexamplewithonly50speakersleft.An"extinct"languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.②Inthesameway,differentlanguagescontributetoculturaldiversity.Savingtheselanguagesbenefitsourunderstandingofothercultures.Languagescanshowhowasocietylooksattheworldandwhatitvalues.Alanguagemaydescribesomethinginawaythatisfunny,too.InWelsh,itrainsnotcatsanddogs,butoldwivesandwalkingsticks.TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfromdisappearing.④However,itseffortsarelimited.Ifanendangeredlanguageisgoingtomakearealcomeback,it'llprobablygetitsstartinschools.Fornearly100years,publicschoolsinHawaiididnotteachtheHawaiianlanguage.NowstudentscankeeplearninginHawaiianfromelementaryschoolstocollegeandbeyond.⑤Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4millionspeakers.Thelastpersonwhospokeitdiedin2008.Whyshouldwesaveendangeredlanguages?Variousanimalsandplantsbenefitourenvironment.Withjust5speakersleft,itisabsolutelyendangered.Canalanguagewithzeronativespeakerscomebacktolife?Sometimessocietiesforceminoritiestogiveuptheirlanguage.Thenonprofitgroupfindsnativespeakersandrecordstheirstories.D（考点24中难）Long,longagopeoplecouldn'twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.①TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus纸（莎草）plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.②Soparchment（羊皮纸），madefromgoatskin,latertookitsplace.InancientChina,bookslookedalittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedinktowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeoftre，espaperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.③PapermakinglaterspreadtotheWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonehadtobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.Theycarved（雕刻）apageofword'sintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.Butitwasn'tuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.Oncealuxury（奢侈品）onlytherichcouldbuy.itsoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy,ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.Ittookyearstofinishmakingjustonebook.Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.BooksintheWestdidn'tchangeforalongtimeafterthat.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（1）Friendshipisoneofthemostimportantthingsineveryone'slife.①isverydifficulttofindabetterdefinition（定义）offriendship.Atruefriendistheperson②考点10cansharealloursadnessanddoubleallourhappiness.Intimeoftria尝试），heorsheisalwaysatoursidetogiveushisorherhelpandcomfort.Knowinghowvaluablefriendshipis，weshouldbevery③考点06（care）withourchoiceofafriend.Weshould④（choice）thosepeoplewithagoodcharacterasourfriends，butwemusttrytoavoid⑤考点08（make）friendswithabadman.Besides，weshouldforgivetheirmistakesandtrytohelpthemasmuch⑥possible.Atruefriendcanalways⑦考点09（trust），lovedandrespected.Ifyoutellafriendyoursecrets，heorshewillnottellothers.Friendssharetheirjoys⑧考点12unhappiness.Theyhelpeachotherwhentheyare⑨考点03trouble，andcheereachotherupwhentheyaresad.⑩考点01mostimportantthingisthatafriendalwaysunderstandsyou.Inconclusion，whenyouhavemadeagoodfriend，don'tforgethimorher.（2）TheBritishMuseum，①考点08（locate）intheBloomsburyareaofLondon，isthefirstnationalpublicmuseumdedicatedtohumanhistory，artand4)4)culture.Itspermanentcollectionnumberssome8millionworks,makingitoneofthelargestin②考点04(exist).Ithasbeen③考点06(wide)sourced,documentingthestoryofhumanculture④考点03itsbeginningstothepresent.Aswithallothernationalmuseumsin⑤考点01UnitedKingdom,itchargesnoadmissionfee.Itsownershipofsomeofitsmostfamousobjects⑥考点10originallycamefromothercountriesiscontroversial,particularlyinthecaseoftheParthenonMarbles.Todaythemuseumnolongerhouses⑦考点04(collection)ofnaturalhistory,andthebooksandmanuscripts手稿)onceit⑧考点09(hold)nowformpartoftheindependentBritishLibrary,⑨考点12itstillkeepsitsuniversalityincollectionsofartificialworks⑩考点08(represent)theculturesoftheworld,ancientandmodern.(3)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid①wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths②考点06(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We③考点09(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,④考点12fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstandthiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged考点03thereservation.What'sworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas⑦考点06(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon⑧考点01topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andweweren'tchargedextra.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach⑨考点13wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle⑩考点08(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.TheBritishhavemanytraditionsbutthereisnothingmorequintessential典型的)thantakingafternoontea.WeknowtheBritishhavealoveaffairwithdrinkingtea,①考点03/08morethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday,butitwastheinventionofafternoonteathatturnedtea-drinkinginto②考点01popularpastime.Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggoodqualitytea③考点06(comfort)whilenibbling(小口吃)onnicesandwiches,sconeswithjamandcreamandaselectionofsmallcakes.And,ofcourse,itcanonlyhappenintheafternoon!Afternoontea,④考点08(design)asalightsnacktobridgethegapbetweenlunchanddinner,datesbacktothe1840s.Itwentontobecomea考点06(fashion)socialoccasionfortheupperclasses.Nowthereisaresurgence(复苏)inits⑥考点04(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.⑦考点13itcanbeenjoyedathome,thebestwaytoexperienceitisatasmarthotelofcafe.Butifyou'rethinkingofvisitingsuchaplace⑧考点08(enjoy)aplateofsweetandtastytreatswithasteaminghotbrew,remembertherulesyoumustfollowtoavoid⑨考点08(ask)toleave.WriterHenryJamesoncenotedthat“therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdevotedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”.I'msureonceyoutryit,you⑩考点09(agree).参考答案一、七选五A、答案：D;A;F;B;CB、答案：ABEDF解析：本文讲述了作者第一次在中企餐厅就餐的感受。A【解析】根据下文“然而，并没有着火的迹象，人们都有说有笑”可知,设空处的内容需说明一下为何提到“有着火的迹象”。A项“我本以为我错过了消防演习”解释了为何作者会认为应该出现着火的情况，故选A项。B【解析】根据“我突然想起在中国每一个人几乎都在同一时间吃午饭”和下文“餐厅遵守着这个时间表”可知,B项“根本没有什么紧急情况，只不过是午饭时间而已”符合语境，故选B项。E【解析】下文“每个人排着队，拿着一个托盘，还有筷子和汤匙而不是银餐具”描述的是买饭时的场景，由此可知,E项“这个餐厅让我想起我的学校的餐厅”是对作者看到的餐厅场景的总结，且E项中的schoollunchroom与下文呼应,故选E项。D【解析】根据上文中描述的周围同事取菜的场景和下文中提到的“我最终选择了黄瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知，设空处应该与作者取午餐相关,D项“我觉得我应该快速作决定”是对作者取到午餐前的心理描写，符合语境，故选D项。F【解析】根据设空前的“我在公司已经一年半多了”以及设空后的“主要是通过反复摸索以后，我已经知道了我喜欢吃什么菜，许多员工也认识我了并且和我打招呼”可知，该段的内容是对作者熟悉在中企工作后的描写,F项“现在我可以很高兴地说我在餐厅更加自信了”是对作者熟悉中餐厅后的描写，故选F项。C、答案：F;A;C;G;E解析：由第二段内容可知，整段都在说明语言消失的原因，所以小题1也是在陈述语言消失的原因。故F选项切题。由.An""extinct""languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.可知，已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题2说的是:说这种语言的最后一人死于2008年，这种语言也就永远消失了。符合对前文的解释。故A选项切题。由第三段可知，第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由inthesameway可知，小题3在讲述各种动植物有益于环境,以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C选项切题。由TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfromdisappearing.可知，这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。小题2要说明他们具体的做法。故G选项切题。由Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4millionspeakers.可知，至少有一种语言做到了。在1881年，一位名叫EliezerBen-Yehuda的犹太语言学家使这个有3千年历史的希伯来语复活。今天,它是以色列的官方语言之一,有400多万使用者。所以通过回答和举例说明,我们可以判断出小题5要问“没有人说的语言能复活吗？”。故E选项切题。D、答案：DAEGC解析：1.D〔提示：根据第二段第一句TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrusplants.（古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作的东西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的内容并引起第二段的内容，所以应该填与“把故事写下来”相关的内容。〕A〔提示:根据前后文，由于纸莎草做的东西可以记录故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用这种方式.后文又提到一种羊皮纸后来取代了纸莎草，说明其他地方的人得到纸莎草不容易，才会选择转代物，A项符合语境。〕E〔提示：根据前一句Madeoftrees，paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.（用树木制造的纸，相比纸莎草和羊皮纸更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点。〕G〔提示:这一空为句首的句子，所以结合整段内容可知，这一段是在讲述怎样让书的制造过程更加简易迅速。结合选项G中的speed可以得出答案。〕C〔提示:此处为最后一段的首句，结合全文可知，这一段对于书的发展史进行了总结，C项符合语境，现在的书可以成千上万的复制印刷。〕二、语法填空（1）答案：It;who;careful;choose;making;as;betrusted;and;in;The（2）答案：1.located2.existence3.widely4.from5.the6.that7.collectionsheld9.but10.representing解析：本文主要叙述了位于伦敦布卢姆斯伯里地区的大英博物馆,它是第一个致力于人类历史、艺术和文化的国家公共博物馆,且不收取费用。locate【解析】考查词性转换°belocatedin...为固定搭配,意为“坐落于，位于”:本句为从句“whichislocatedin…”的省略句，去掉了whichis,故填located。existence【解析】考查词性转换，句意:它的永久藏品数量大约为800万,使它成为现存的最大的博物馆之一。inexistence为固定短语，意为“现存”。widely【解析】考查副词。修饰动词sourced应用副词作状语，故填widely。from［解析】考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从到”。句意：它的来源广泛，记录了人类文化从开始到现在的故事。故填from。the【解析】考査冠词。theUnitedKingdom为固定用法,意为“英国”，故填the。that【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，句中的itsmostfamousobjects是先行词，空处在定语从句中作主语，指物，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，所以要用that引导定语从句。collections【解析】考査名词的单复数。collection是可数名词，此处指很多的收藏品，故填复数形式collections。&held【解析】考査时态。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，与it是主谓关系，根据时间状语once可知,本句要用一般过去时，故填held。but【解析】考査连词。分析语境可知，本句与前面的句子是转折关系，是今昔对比，因此要填but。representing【解析】考查非谓语动词。分