高考语法首课

by孙焕奂高考英语利剑（一）

--语法结构1）信息量方面：新三有效读完or中级口译考试通过优秀高中水平=？？？高考语法班的定义2）应试方面：对于高中的考试思路有全面的了解3）词汇量：4000以上4）语法掌握：英语所有常用的语法要点（修辞性语法除外）初中生学“高考语法班”的目的在这里，迈向成为英语达人的关键一步！123为名校自主招生考试打好坚实基础为英语竞赛生打好坚实基础真正把英语句子结构分析做好为口译等能力考试打下坚实基础你应对英语考试的三大法宝？语感？错题考前反复看？题海操练？语感有木有？语感够不够？语感可靠吗？会不会一再错？落入同样的陷阱n次？知其然而不知其所以然说的是不是你？初中开始做高中题，高一开始做高考题的有木有？Whathappenedin2005and2011?评分标准得分内容正确，语法基本正确2分内容基本正确，语法正确或虽有错误，但不影响理解1分内容错误0分30题语法题16题语法词汇题20题英语高考改革2005

英语高考新题型增加2011：简答题8分（每题2分）题型改革意味着什么？淡化语法从知识考查向能力考查转变淡化语法

=不用学语法？语法题考得少而精淡化语法从知识考查向能力考查转变针对中学语法题讲太多的现象；加强交际和实际运用能力。语法是语言的框架。阅读能力和写作能力都需要很高的语法水平。越是不考语法，出的语法题就越需要逻辑性和代表性。这样才能考出整个中学六年的语法基础。各题型的语法直接得分项翻译部分（3+4+4+4+5=20分）语法选择题（16分）写作部分（25分）评分标准：每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误，累计每两处扣1分；语法错误每处扣一分（同类错误不累计扣分）；译文没用所给单词，扣1分。其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分）--注意，语言低于7分的人，组织结构分不超过3分1. 【考介词】Graduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyou________thetoughyears.A.through B.up C.with D.from2. 【考代词】Tostayawake,hefinishedacupofcoffeeandordered________.A.theother B.other C.theothers D.another3. 【考非谓语】It'snouse________withouttakinganyaction.A.complain B.complaining C.beingcomplained D.tobecomplained2011高考语法真题一瞥4. 【考情态】I________worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.A.can't B.mustn't C.daren't D.needn't5. 【考限定词】WhenMornlookedbackontheearlydaysoftheirmarriage,shewonderedhowtheyhadmanagedwith________money.A.sofew B.suchfew C.solittle D.suchlittle6. 【考反义疑问】Itdoesn'tmatteriftheywanttocometoyourparty,________?A.doesn'tit B.doesit C.don'tthey D.dothey7. 【考动词时态】Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam________fourdayslater.A.rescued B.wasrescued C.hasrescued D.hadbeenrescued8. 【考非谓语】Therarefish,________fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A.saved B.saving C.tobesaved D.havingsaved9. 【考非谓语】AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,________thathecoulddonothingtohelp.A.torealize B.realized C.realizing D.beingrealized10.【考时态】Didyoupredictthatmanystudents________upforthedancecompetition?A.wouldsign B.signed C.havesigned D.hadsigned11.【考名词性从句】Thereisclearevidence________themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.A.what B.if C.how D.that12.【考状语从句】Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon'tbothertoseeit,orI'llwait________itcomesoutonDVD.A.whether B.after C.though D.until13. 【考状语从句】Thepoliceofficersinourcityworkhard________therestofuscanliveasafelife.A.incaseB.asifC.inorderthatD.onlyif14. 【考代词】Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof________othersactuallyunderstand.A.why B.that C.which D.what15. 【考定从】You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.which B.where C.when D.as16. 【考非谓语】Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,e-mailing...butweseem________theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losing B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglost1.你为什么不在网上订票呢？(why)(考反问）Whydon’tyoubookticketsonline?/Whynotbookticketsonline?2.我常把王海误作为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake)（考状语）IoftenmistakeWanghaiforhistwinbrotherbecausetheylooksosimilar.3.对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)（考情态）Asforparents,nothingcanbecomparedwiththeirchildren’sphysicalandmentalhealth.2011年高考翻译真题4.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。(nolonger)（考状语，时态）Sinceshestudiedabroad,shehasnolongerkeptintouchwithus./Nolongerhasshekeptintouchwithussinceshestudiedabroad.5.如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever)（考状语、动词时态和语态、定语从句）Whateverlearningmethodthatsuitsyoucanbefound,yourlearningefficiencymaybeimprovedsignificantly.时态与语态三大从句（名从、定从、状从）非谓语以上三个占到6成或以上的考题虚拟语气强调、倒装、主谓一致、代词、介词等小语法点Hence高考语法班重点语法美好语法，

从句子基本成分开始不得不了解的句子基本成分Types:123456789复习句子成分Iteach

English.主谓宾Iam

ateacher.

主系表动词分为系动词普通动词系动词be(am,is

,

are,was

,

were)look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,become,turn,get,remain,go,grow…..表语是什么？—系动词后面的东东有什么用？——说明主语的状态，特征，性质名词性从句的分类Types:123456789当主语、宾语、表语

用一个句子表达时名词性从句汇总：4种1）主语从句Thatheisaliveisamiracle.2）宾语从句ItoldhimthatIlovedhim.3）表语从句ThereasonwhyIleftisthatIwastiredofthelifehere.4）同位语从句Thefactthatheishersoncan'tbechanged,nomatterhowmuchhehatesher.定语的复习Types:123456789定语是什么？——“的”

asweet

apple

前置定语，结构和中文一样TheapplewhichAdamandEvastoleisasymbolof"desire".定语里面含有动词，以定语从句的结构后置在名词后，与中文结构不同。定语从句概念复习状语的分类Types:123456789一起来找状语Iusuallygetupatten.Heisplayingatschoolhappily.

Hegoestoschoolbybus.WhenIwasabouttoleave,heknockedmydoor.Theboxisveryheavysothatnobodycanmoveit.Ifyouarenottootired,let'sgooutforawalk.9种必学状语1.时间状语2.让步状语3.原因状语4.目的状语 5.结果状语6.条件状语7.比较状语8.方式状语9.地点状语时间2yearsago,in1980,when,while,as,longbefore,beforelong,assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly…..when,themoment,theminute,thesecond地点

inShanghai,atschool,wherever…原因because,since,as,for,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,owingto条件if,onconditionthat,suppose,providingthat目的sothat,inorderthat,soasto,inorderto结果

so…..that,such….that,too..to让步

although,though,as,while方式 as,asif频率twiceaweek,onceamonth,annually,frequently,always非谓语动词的定义Types:123456789谓语动词VS非谓语动词

中文有没有非谓语的概念我看他把手伸进你的钱包。快速走路和慢速跑步都有利于健康。HR要求他把简历尽快交上来。

非谓语的概念Isawhimreachintoyourpocket.Bothwalkingfastandjoggingaregoodforhealth.HR

askedhimtosubmithisresumeasap.

判断句子中的非谓语Iwanttoleave.Pleaseletmeleave.Iwilldoanythingtogetoutofhere.TobecomeaCEOishis5-yearplan.Shewassittingthere,cryingsadly.Nooneenjoyslivinginsuchashabbyflat.IhavenothingtosayabouthisleavingShanghai.LivinginChinaisagoodideabutnotthebestidea.Isawhimgetintothecaranddriveaway.

三大类：不定式：todo动名词：doing分词：ed，ing英语非谓语的分类非谓语的用途和功能分词充当句子中的形容词和副词功能过去分词ed表被动，现在分词ing表主动动名词ing充当：主语、宾语、宾补不定式todo充当：主语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语1）复习初中语法难点，学完英语所有常用语法2）搞定语法选择题和翻译题，正确率达到90%以上3）搞定阅读理解中的致命长难句，加强理解能力4）写作时会使用漂亮的长句（即复合句），抓住阅卷老师的眼球高考语法班4大学习重点利剑一丰富的词汇量（高中阶段>5000）利剑二

句子结构的到位分析英语难长句理解的两把利剑超长主题句，当头一棒：HumanremainsofancientsettlementswillbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalawthatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,agroupofleadingarchaeologists(考古学家)says.应对方法：1）找出长主语2）找出谓语动词3）分析that是什么从句（注意，关注连词和主语是判断难长句的第一步）2011阅读，有人考完这篇就哭了？Humanremainsofancientsettlements

willbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalaw（thatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,）agroupofleadingarchaeologists(考古学家)says.

一起来分析结构

一起来尝试翻译翻译的目的是为了什么？英国的一些著名的考古学家说：因为一个法律规定，古代人类骨骸将被再次掩埋从而无法进行科学研究。这项法律规定会威胁到英国对于古代人类的研究。参考译文ItcentresonthelawintroducedbyMinistryofJusticein2008whichrequiresallhumanremainsunearthedinEnglandandWalestobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardlessoftheirage.1）括号划出定从和分词做定语2）找出主语3）找出谓语动词4）加强对句子主干内容的理解，排除非主干生词带来的困扰第一段的又一个难句，郁闷ing

Itcentresonthelaw（

定语1introducedbyMinistryofJusticein2008）（定语2whichrequiresallhumanremains

unearthedinEnglandandWales（内嵌分词做定语）tobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardlessoftheir（指什么？）age.一起来分析争议的焦点在于一条司法部于2008年制定的法律，该法律规定在英国和威尔士挖出的所有人类骨骸，不管历史多久，都要在2年内重新掩埋。参考译文 "Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthedhumanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorfurtherspecialextension,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,"theywrite.1）找出主干2）that从句性质判断3）whether部分含义判断4）分词做定语判断第二段的又一个难句，郁闷ing"Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthed（过去分词，前置定语）humanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorfurtherspecialextension（红色that从句是同位语，蓝色whether...or是状语部分）,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,"theywrite.尝试翻译该句，理清思路一起来分析他们写道“你们当前的要求是：所有考古挖掘出来的人类骨骸，都必须被重新掩埋，时限是标准规定的两年之内或是在特别申请的延长期内。可是这样的做法和考古学以及科学研究、博物馆研究的基本原则是违背的。”参考译文Thelawappliestoanypiecesofboneuncoveredataround400digsites,includingtheremainsof60orsobodiesfoundatStonehengein2008thatdatebackto3,000BC.1）分析主干2）分析分词用法，有几个？3）分析that从句用法看到这句，眼圈发红Thelawappliestoanypiecesofbone（uncoveredataround400digsites）,（includingtheremainsof60orsobodies）（foundatStonehengein2008）（thatdatebackto3,000BC）.四层定语，含三个分词，一个定从一个专有名词Stonehenge需要一定的背景知识结构分析这个法律适用于在大约400个遗址发现的所有骨骸，包括在2008年于巨石阵发现的60具左右的遗骸。巨石阵的历史可以追溯到公元前3000年。参考译文ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.1)划出主干2）找出所有定语成分看到这里，飙泪 ...ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,(wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetools)(madebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago).尝试翻译成中文（可以参考下文）句子结构分析ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.IfhumanremainswerefoundatHappisburgh,theywouldbetheoldestinnorthernEuropeandthefirstindicationofwhatthisspecieswas.Underthecurrentpracticeofthelawthoseremainswouldhavetoberebuffedandeffectivelydestroyed.根据上下文翻译该句参考译文这种安排可能导致将来在一些遗址考古发现的浪费，比如在纽福克的哈皮世柏，这里自发现了95万年前早期人类制造的石头工具以后，考古挖掘一直没有停止。Before2008,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.看到这里，开始放弃 ...结构分析Before2008,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.参考译文2008年前，法律规定允许（考古学）进行适当的保护、研究年代久远有历史意义的骨骸，而1857号法案适用于更近期的骨骸（的考古活动）。1）复习初中语法难点，学完英语所有常用语法2）搞定语法选择题和翻译题，正确率达到90%以上3）搞定阅读理解中的致命长难句，加强理解能力4）写作时会使用漂亮的长句（即复合句），抓住阅卷老师的眼球高考语法班4大学习重点高考语法VS出国考试SAT语法改错1.Thetigera(usually)huntsbynightandb(feedson)avarietyofanimals,c(butit)prefersfairlylargepreyd(suchas)deerandwildpigs.e(Noerror)

AnswerChoices(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考语法VS出国考试SAT语法改错2.Thecredita(formaking)FranzKafkainternationallyfamousb(asawriter)belongstohisfriend,novelistMaxBrod,c(which)despiteKafka’sdyingwishes,editedKafka’sunpublishedmanuscriptsandthend(hadthempublished).e(Noerror)

AnswerChoices(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考语法VS出国考试SAT语法改错3.Althoughthenumberofbooksa(writtenin)Africanlanguagesb(aregrowing),manyAfricanwritersc(find)alargeraudienced(forworks)writteninPortugueseorEnglish.e(Noerror)

(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考语法VS出国考试SAT语法改错

4.Moststatesa(have)variouslevelsoffootballcompetitioninb(their)highschoolssothatschoolswithc(similar)numbersofstudentscompeteonlyagainstd(them).e(Noerror)

(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考语法VS出国考试SAT语法改错5.Amongthea(earliest)telescopesb(were)Galileantelescopes,modeledafterthesimpleinstrumentsc(builtby)Galileo,thefirstpersond(havingused)telescopestostudythestarsandplanets.e(Noerror)

AnswerChoices(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考语法VS出国考试SAT语法改错

6.Encourageda(from)herteacher,