不同温度下空气中饱和水分含量及饱和蒸汽压

不同温度下空气中饱和水分含量及饱和蒸汽压兰州真空设备有限责任公司温度℃饱和水分含量g/m3饱和蒸汽压Pa温度℃饱和水分含量g/m3饱和蒸汽压Pa4050.917368.624-121.81217.38243846.006618.708-141.52181.28523641.515935.392-161.27150.78243437.405314.68-181.06125.07483233.644483.512-200.888103.36323030.304238.42-220.73685.2482827.203776.22-240.59070.06322624.303357.972-260.50457.2762421.802981.016-280.41446.75322219.402641.356-300.34038.09522017.302336.33-320.27730.76921815.362061.936-340.22624.90841613.631815.516-360.18420.11321412.051597.068-380.14916.11721210.681401.264-400.12012.9204109.351226.77-420.09610.256488.281072.26-440.0778.125267.28933.732-460.0616.393646.39812.52-480.0495.061625.60704.628-500.0383.862804.85609.923-520.0303.0636-24.14516.816-540.0242.3976-43.52436.896-560.0181.8648-63.00368.298-580.0141.4652-82.54309.8232-600.0111.0656-102.14259.74-900.009320℃空气的管道流导工程公工程公式长管U1.34103d4pl短管1U短1U1U孔 管U4560Ka2b2flp矩形截面直管a/bKf环形管道U1340P[ddl(dd)212]12ln(d/d)1 2椭圆管道U42920la3b3pa2b2当1x0.525时，U76.6x0.7121x0.228A1x0孔x0.525时，U200A1x0x0.1时，U200A01.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.11.000.990.980.950.900.820.710.580.420.23、b 椭圆长半轴，短半轴 mP 管道中平均压力 PaA0x孔面积孔两侧压力比m2符号U符号Udla意义20℃空气流导管道直径管道长度m3/SmmU =12.1d3

1271(dP)4790(dP)2n.f.20℃

l 1316(dP)dmlmP：管道中平均压力P=〔P1+P2〕/220℃空气的管道流导《真空设计手册》a10.9650.9310.870.7690.690.62546810204060801000.250.1820.1430.1170.06250.0320.020.001010.6670.5000.3330.2000.1250.1001.1081.1261.1511.1981.2971.4001.444l/b 0.10.20.40.81a>>b K 0.0360.0680.130.220.262 34510>100.40 0.520.600.670.941d)2d2/d100.2590.50.7070.8660.966Ka11.0721.1541.2541.4301.675工程公式圆长管圆孔L/dU12.1d3工程公式圆长管圆孔L/dU12.1d3lU9.11d20 0.05 0.10.20.40.60.8U9.11d2a圆短管1.00.57220.4正方形U15.45a3l矩形U30.9Ka2b2f(ab)lb/aKf等边三角形U4.79a3l扁缝形U30.9Kbabl2b12.1K(dd)2(d环形a 121l椭圆形U136.6a2b21a b22l锥形U24.2d2d2(dd)l1 21 2直角弯管按直管计算,管道计算长度lll 4d1 23缩孔U1 2d2d21 2l——管长〔cm〕 A——面积〔cm2〕d——管道直径〔cm〕材料物理性能组别

重度g/cm3

膨胀系数d×106

导热系数秒.度

电阻系数 熔点Ω.mm2/m ℃T18.9T18.917.70.961083T28.920℃17.70.951080T48.8917.40.431080H908.818.20.40.039H808.6519.10.340.054H658.4720.10.2880.069H628.4320~100℃20.620~200℃0.260.071L62.712424.80.54658L42.712424.80.52LY112.82223.40.41ZL22.810.230.240.33~0.354.66~4.926ZL52.580.2450.2550.218.21ZL102.650.190.210.385.27~5.57ZL142.70.220.230.35~0.455.88~6.6710钢7.8511.60.8080.13245钢7.8111.590.5020.1321Cr18Ni97.90.0390.0420.1630.731Cr18Ni9Ti7.750.0390.0420.1630.73黄铜纯铝铸铝碳钢不锈钢GB5832.2-86适用范围0℃～-70℃。原理术语说明水分露点——在恒定的压力下，气体中的水蒸气到达饱和时的温度。方法原理本法用露点仪进展测定。地测量。当气体中的水蒸气随着镜面温度的渐渐降低而到达饱和时，镜面上开头消灭露，此时所测量到的镜面温度即为露点。(由露点和气体中水分含量的换算式或查表，即可得到气体中微量水分含量。)仪器概述度的方法以及检测出露的方法。镜子和它的附件通常安放在气体样品流经的测定室中。仪器的一般要求供给下述装置、满足根本要求的任何露点仪都可以使用。当仪器温度高于气体中水分露点至少2℃时，可以掌握气体进出仪器的流量。把流淌的样品气冷到足够低的温度，使得水蒸气能分散，冷却的速度可调。能观看露的消灭和准确地测量露点。气路系统死体积小且气密性好，露点室内气压应接近大气压力。用标准样衡量仪器是否符合要求，按GB4471-84《化工产品试验方法周密度室间试验重复性和再现性确实定》4.3目视和光电露点仪光电系统确定露生成的光电露点仪有相当高的准确度和周密度；用户按需要和可能进展选择。露的观看目视露点仪用肉眼观看露的消灭。光电露点仪是承受装在测定室的光源照耀镜面，光源和光电池能以各种方式排列，从而产生光生电压，给出出露信号。镜面制冷方法3.5.13.5.2对自动装置，使用两种方法制冷：3.5.33.5.4溶剂蒸发制冷用一种挥发性液体与镜子反面接触，用通入低压空气或其他压缩气体鼓泡的方法使液体气化而制冷。绝热膨胀法制冷40℃。液化气体制冷80℃或更低的温度。当用液化气体制冷时，可以使和镜子反面相接触的铜棒与液化气体直接接触、或通过电热方法使液化气体气化来制冷，也可以使压缩气体通过液氮浸泡着的盘管冷却后制冷。该法也就是半导体制冷，承受多级串联获得不同的低温。温度测量锈钢和铑合金。测量露点温度，使用周密水银温度计、热电偶、热敏电阻或铂电阻感温元件。目前，高精度测量都承受铂电阻感温元件。分析前的预备试漏测试系统全部接头处应无泄漏，否则会由于空气中水分的渗入而使测量结果偏高。简洁的试漏方法如下：u1000mmH2O5min5mm，说明系统气密性良好。必要时，应上升压力试漏。假设觉察系统漏气，则应分段检查解决。取样设备取样阀：用死体积小的调整阀，如针形阀。2m4mm1mm取样阀的吹洗如此反复三次，再进展测定。流量计的标定应针对不同气样，用皂膜流量计标定样品气的测试流量。一般操作步骤-602h测定。调整样品气流量至规定范围内。5℃/min，对不知道露点范圈的样品气，可先进展一次粗测。停机后，样品气的进出口拧上密封螺母。留意事项干扰物质概述I面上冷凝，使得所观看到的露点不同于相应的水蒸气含量的露点。固体杂质及油污假设固体杂质确定不溶于水，它们就不会转变露点，但是会阻碍出露的观看。在自动装置中，对固体杂质假设没有承受化碳清洗镜面。为了防止固体杂质的干扰，仪器入口要设置过滤器，而过滤器对气体中水分应无吸附。假设被测气体中有油污，在气体进入测定室前应当除去。以蒸气形式存在的杂质蒸气冷凝前必需分别出烃的冷凝物。假设被测气体中含有甲醇，它将与水一起在镜面上分散，。这时得到的是甲醇和水的共同露点。冷壁效应2℃，否则，水蒸气将在最冷点分散，转变了气体样品中水分含量。降温速度温，在冰层生长和到达稳定之前，还没有观看到出露，温度已大大超过了露点，这就是过冷现象。10-5g/cm2，用灵敏的光电露点仪，可检测出很低的水分含量。ta.接近露点时，冷却镜子的速度应尽可能慢。b.使用放大镜观看露的消灭。c.当镜子温度渐渐地降低，露刚消灭时测得的温度与镜子温度渐渐上升而露消逝时测得的温度之平均值作为露点。结果处理两次露点测定结果的算术平均值为露点值，两次露点溯定结果之差应小于第8章中对重复性的规定。ppm(V/V)按附录AA.1g/3(20℃，101.3kPaAA.2周密度露点低于-42℃时方法的周密度：r=-0.93+0.041m再现性R=3.67+0.019m式中：m——测定结果的平均值。GB4471-84第4报告报告应包括以下内容：分析日期、室温、大气压c.样品名称d.分析结果：水分在样品气中的浓度e.测定时观看到的任何特别现象f.该标准中未包括的即自己选择的其他操作g.分析员姓名A(补充件)本附录给出了气体中水分露点-ppm(v/v(s/m)换算的式子和结果。ppm式中：P——出露温度下冰的饱和蒸气压*，Pa。A1。g/3(20℃101.3kPa式中：p——出露温度下冰的饱和蒸气压*，Pa。A2。A1露点-ppm露点，℃露点，℃0.O0.10.20.30.4ppm0.50.60.70.80.9O6033598359345885583757895741569456475600-15554550854635418537253285283524051965153-25111506850264983494249004860481947794738-34699465946214581454345054467442943924355-44318428142464209417441744104406940354000-53965393238983865383238003767373437033671-63640360835773547351634863456342633973367-73339330932083253322431963169314131143087-83060303430072980295539292903287828522827-92803277827532730270626812658263526112588-1O2566254325202498247624542432241123892367-112346232623052284226422442224220321842165-122145212521072088206920502032202319951977-131960194219241906188918731855183818211805-141789177217561740172517091693167716611647-151632161716011587157315581543152915151501-161487147314601446143214201406139313801367-171354134213∞1317130512921280126912571245-181233122112091198118711761165115411431132-191121111111001090107910691059104810381029-20101910091000990.1981.O971.6962.3953.O943.9934.3-21925.9916.9908.1899.389O.6882.O873.4.865.1856.7848.4-22840.2832.O823.9815.9807.9800.1792.3784.6776.9769.3-23761.8754.3747.O739.6732.4725.2718.1711.0703.9697.0-24690.2683.4676.6670.O663.4656.8650.2643.8637.4631.1-25624.9618.7612.4606.4600.3594.4588.5582.5576.7570.9-26565.3559.5553.9548.4542.8537.4532.O526.7521.3516.1-27510.9505.7500.6495.6490.5485.5480.6475.7470.9466.0-28461.3456.7452.O447.4442.8438.3433.8429.3425.O420.6-29416.3412.O407.8403.6399.4395.3391.2387.2383.2379.3-30375.3371.5367.6363.8360.O356.3352.5348.9345.2341.7-31338.1334.6331.1327.5324.2320.7317.4314.1310.8307.5-32304.2301.1297.9294.8291.6288.5285.5282.5279.5276.5-33273.6270.7267.8265.0262.2259.3256.6253.9251.1218.5-34245.8243.1240.6238.0235.4232.9230.4227.9225.5223.O-35220.6218.3255.9213.5211.3209.O206.7204.4202.3200.O-36197.8195.8193.6191.5189.3187.4185.3183.2181.2179.3-37177.3175.3173.4171.S169.6167.7165.9164.1162.3160.5-38158.7157.O155.2153.5151.7150.0148.4146.8145.1143.5-39142.0140.4138.8137.2135.6134.2132.7131.2129.7128.2-40126.8125.4124.0122.5121.1119.8118.5117.1115.8114.5-41113.1111.8110.6109.4108.1106.9105.6104.4103.3102.1-42100.999.7098.6597.5296.4095.2994.2093.1192.O890.98-4389.9388.8887.8686.8485.8384.8583.8682.8881.9280.97-4480.0379.0978.1777.2776.3675.4774.5873.7172.8471.99-4571.1570.3169.4968.6767.8667.0666.2765.4864.7163.94-4663.1962.4461.7060.9760.2459.5358.8258.1157.4256.73-4756.O555.3954.7254.0753.4252.7752.1451.5250.9050.29-4849.6749.O848.4947.9047.3246.7546.1845.6245.O644.52-4943.9843.4542.9142.3941.8841.3640.8640.3639.8639.38-5038.8938.4137.9437.4737.0136.5536.1135.6635.2234.79-5134.3533.9333.5033.O932.6932.2731.8831.4831.O930.69-5230.3229.9329.5629.1928.8328.4628.1027.7527.4027.O6-5326.7126.3826.0525.7225.3925.0724.7524.44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