C1时间状语从句

副词性从句方式副词：bravely勇敢的fast快happily愉快地hard艰难地quickly快well好Shedancedbeautifully．她舞姿优美。当动词带宾语时，它位于宾语之后：Hegaveherthemoneyreluctantly．他勉勉强强地给了她钱。TheyspeakEnglishwell．他们英语说得好。Itwasfoolishofmetoforget．我真蠢，竟然忘记了。Itwaskindofhimtowait．多蒙他好心等候。Wouldyoubekindenoughtowait？劳驾您等一等，好吗？地点副词：by近旁down下here这里near附近there那里up上away，everywhere，here，nowhere，somewherethere等Shewentaway．她走开了。Helivesabroad．他住在国外。Billisupstairs．比尔在楼上。Theparrotsatonaperch鹦鹉停歇在栖木上。Hestoodinthedoorway．他站在门口。Helivesnearme．他住得离我近。时间副词：now现在soon不久still仍然then那里today今天yet迄今afterwards，eventually，lately，now，recently，soon，then，today，tomorrow等和表示时间的副词短语atonce，sincethen，tillThenwewenthome．/Wewenthomethen．然后我们回家。Writetoday．今天就写。I'llwaittilltomorrow．我等到明天。We'llsoonbethere．我们马上会到那里。Bbefore，early，immediately和late位于句末：Hecamelate．他来晚了。I'llgoimmediately．我马上就走。yet和still（时间畐ij词）yet常常位于动词或动词+宾语之后：Hehasn'tfinished（hisbreakfast）yet．他还没吃完（他的早饭）。如果宾语由许多词组成，yet也可位于动词之前：Hehasn'tyetappliedforthejobwetoldhimabou．t他还没去申请我们跟他说的那个工作。still位于be动词之后或其他动词之前：Sheisstillinbed．她还在睡觉。频度畐词：always总是never从不occasionally偶尔often时常twice两次continually，frequently，often，once，twice，periodically，repeatedly，sometimes，usually等（b）ever,hardlyever,never,rarely,scarcelyever,seldomHeisalwaysintimeformeals．他总是赶得上吃饭Theysometimesstayupallnight．他们有时整夜不睡。Hecanneverunderstand．他永远也不会明白的。Youhaveoftenbeentoldnottodothat．多次告诫过你别干那事。Haveyoueverriddenacamel？你骑过骆驼吗？—Canyouparkyourcarneartheshops？—Yes,Iusuallycan．—你可以在商店附近停车吗？—是的,通常可以。IknowIshouldtakeexercise,butIneverdo．我知道我应该进行体育锻炼,但我从来没这样做过Hewalkedquiteoften句子副词：这些词修饰整个全句/从句，通常表达说话者/叙述者的观点。A表示不同程度的确定的副词（a）actually（=infact/really），apparently，certainlyclearly，evidently，obviously，presumably，probably，undoubtedly（b）definitely（c）perhaps，possible，surelyHeisobviouslyintelligent．很明显，他是个聪明的人。也可位于其他动词的一般现在时形式之前：Theycertainlyworkhard．他们确实工作很努力。Heactuallylivesnextdoor．他实际上就住在隔壁。也可位于第一个助动词之后：Theyhavepresumablysoldtheirhouse．他们据信已经把房子卖了。Honestly，Tomdidn'tgetthemoney．老实说，汤姆没有拿到钱。程度副词：absolutely，almost，barely，completely，enough，entirely，extremely，far，just，much，nearly，onlyreally，scarcely，so，fairly相当hardly几乎不rather十分quite非常too也very很Youareabsolutelyright．你完全正确。I'malmostready．我差不多准备好了。但enough要放在形容词或副词之后：Theboxisn'tbigenough．这个盒子不够大。Hedidn'tworkquicklyenough．他干得不够快。far需要带比较级或too+原级：Itisfarbettertosaynothing．不说话要好得多。Hedrivesfartoofast．他车开得太快了。（超出正常车速很多）这里可以用much替代far。也可以与最高级连用：Thissolutionismuchthebest．这种解答是最好的。only也可以修饰动词，从理论上讲它应紧挨所修饰的词，位于动词、形容词、副词之前，位于名词、代词之前或之后：（a）Hehadonlysixapples．他只有六个苹果。（不超过六个。）（b）Heonlylentthecar．他只是把车借出去了。（他没有把车送给人家。）（c）Helentthecartomeonly．他只是把车借给我了。（不是借给别人。）（d）Ibelieveonlyhalfofwhathesaid．疑问副词：when?何时where?何地why?为何（参见第60节。）关系副词：when何时where何地why为何（参见第75节E。）副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，副词性从句即状语从句也是如此。副词和副词性从句在句子中做状语，状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.（介词状短语）Tohelpmyoldaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.（不定式）Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.（过去分词）IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.（原因状语从句）注意副词（从句）在句子中的位置副词性从句（即状语从句）时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句1.时间状语从句常用弓I导词：when,while,as,since,assoonas,before,after,till,until,bythetime,特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner■…than,hardly・…when,scarcely■…when时间状语从句就是在从句中表示主句动作发生时间的状语从句。时间状语从句是所有状语从句中用得最经常的一种，并且用于弓导时间状语从句的弓导词也比较多，在学习时间状语从句时最重要的是记住这些弓导词有哪些，它们的意思怎样等。到底时间状语从句可以用哪些词来弓导呢？请看下文：1.Ididn'trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.2.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.3・Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard（果园）themomenttheysawtheguard.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.用when引导：when表示“当 时候”。如：ThingsweredifferentwhenIwasachild.我小时候情况与现在不同。Peoplebreathemoreslowlywhentheyareasleep.人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢。用while引导：while表示“当 时候”。如：Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们要趁热打铁。Iwentswimmingwhiletheothersplayedtennis.我去游泳，其余的人都打网球去了。注意：while所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性的，不能是短暂性的。用as引导：as表示“当……时候”“随着”。如：Hedroppedtheglassashestoodup.他站起来时，把杯子摔了。Wegetwiseraswegetold.随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。

辨析when,while,as,sincewhenwhileassince动作先后主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先发生主从句动作同时发生主从句动作同时发生从某时开始时间内涵或动作的连续性点或段时间持续〃短暂动作段时间持续性动作点或段时间持续〃短暂动作段时间时态规定从句多用一般过去时，或用一般现在时代替将来时从句多用进行时态主从句用同样时态主句用一般现在时或完成时态意思当…时候既然每当…时候当…时候；一边・…一边③尽管；只要④而当…时候；一边・…一边⑤随着…（变化）自从…以来当主句谓语动词表示短暂动作，而从句动作可以持续一段时间时，三个连词都可以用。Tombrokehislegwhile/when/ashewasplayingfootball.表示“一边一边”的意思时用as/while.Shesangasshecooked.when还可表示原因“既然”：Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.表示“每当…的时候”（暗示一种规律性），一般要用when：It'scoldwhenitsnows.下雪时天冷。Hesmileswhenyoupraisehim.你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”般用as：Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterastimegoeson.随着时间的推移，情况越来越好。Asitgrewdarker,itbecamecolder.天色越晚，天气越冷。while除引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导让步或条件状语从句及作并列连词连接两个并列的简单句.Whilehewasrespected,hewasnotliked・（尽管）Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.（只要）HeisaworkerwhileIamadoctor.（而，然而）Helikescoffee,whileshelikestea.他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。as和when后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句，但while一般不这样用：As[When]aboy,helivedinJapan.他小时候在日本。when和while后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但as一般不这样用：When[While]reading,hefellasleep.他看书时睡着了When[While]introuble,askherforhelp.遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。练习：Itwasraininghard___Igotthere.___Ihadreadthearticle,hecalledme.___Igottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Hewasabouttoleave,___thetelephonerang.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,___,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.___thealienwasbuyingasouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especially___fatherwasaway.Itwasraininghardwhen（as）Igotthere.（动作同时发生，when可换为as,但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.）WhenIhadreadthearticle,hecalledme.（从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when）WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.（从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态）Hewasabouttoleave,whenthetelephonerang.（此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达“正在”“即将”.while,as不能代替ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.（表转折，对比，when,as都不能代替它）Whilethealienwasbuyingasouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.（表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间）MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas(when/while)fatherwasaway.(此时as,when,while可通用)___Igotonthebus，hegotoff.Hewaswriting___Iwasreading.Thestudentsweretalking___theteachercamein.HewaswatchingTV___shewascooking.Hewaswaitingforme___Iwasworking.Heaskedmeaquestion___Iwasspeaking.___hecamein，shewentout.Jimhurthisarm___hewasplayingtennis.___Marywaswritingaletter,thechildrenwereplayingoutside.___hecameback，Iwasdoingsomewashing.___shewaswaitingforthetrain，shebecameveryimpatient.A：I'mgoingtothepostoffice.B：___youarethere，canyougetmesomestamps？Ialwayslistentotheradio___I'mdriving.Hedidn'taskmein;hekeptmestandingatthedoor___hereadthemessage.Heswunghisarms___hewalked.16.Icouldn'trememberastorytotellthechildren,soImadeoneup___Iwentalong.17.Itwasraininghard___wearrived.18.Theicecracked___Isteppedontoit.___hecamein,Iwaslisteningtotheradio.Hejumpedtohisfeet___thebosscamein.Icaughthimjust___hewasleavingthebuilding.Just___thetwomenwereleaving,amessagearrived.Theroomgrewcolder___thefireburntdown.Theboylooksather___she'snotlooking.___timegoesbymymemoryseemstogetworse.___hearriveshe'lltellusallaboutthematch.___shehadfinishedshewaitedforareply.Hestolethemoney___noonewasby.Iwasjustabouttogotobed___Iheardaknockonthedoor.Onepersonmayliketospendhisvacationattheseashore,___anothermaypreferthemountains.Youmuststudyhard___youareyoung,oryouwillregret___youareold.Wewerehavingameeting___someonebrokeit.Wewereabouttosetoffonourway,___itsuddenlybegantorain.AsIgotonthebus，hegotoff.HewaswritingasIwasreading.Thestudentsweretalkingastheteachercamein.HewaswatchingTVwhileshewascooking.HewaswaitingformewhileIwasworking.HeaskedmeaquestionwhileIwasspeaking.Whenhecamein，shewentout.Jimhurthisarmwhil〔ewhen，as〕hewasplayingtennis.WhenMarywaswritingaletter,thechildrenwereplayingoutside.Whenhecameback，Iwasdoingsomewashing.As〔When，While〕shewaswaitingforthetrain，shebecameveryimpatient.A：I'mgoingtothepostoffice.B：Whileyouarethere，canyougetmesomestamps？IalwayslistentotheradiowhileI'mdriving.Hedidn'taskmein;hekeptmestandingatthedoorwhilehereadthemessage.Heswunghisarmsashewalked.16.Icouldn'trememberastorytotellthechildren,soImadeoneupasIwentalong.17.Itwasraininghardwhen[as]wearrived.18.Theicecrackedas[when]Isteppedontoit.When[As]hecamein,Iwaslisteningtotheradio.Hejumpedtohisfeetasthebosscamein.Icaughthimjustwhen[as]hewasleavingthebuilding.Justas[when]thetwomenwereleaving,amessagearrived.Theroomgrewcolderasthefireburntdown.Theboylooksatherwhenshe'snotlooking.Astimegoesbymymemoryseemstogetworse.Whenhearriveshe'lltellusallaboutthematch.Whenshehadfinishedshewaitedforareply.Hestolethemoneywhennoonewasby.IwasjustabouttogotobedwhenIheardaknockonthedoor.Onepersonmayliketospendhisvacationattheseashore,whileanothermaypreferthemountains.Youmuststudyhardwhileyouareyoung,oryouwillregretwhenyouareold.Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokeit.Wewereabouttosetoffonourway,whenitsuddenlybegantorain.4.用before引导：before表示“在 之前”。如：Turnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.睡觉前要关灯。Beforehewenttouniversityhewasaworker.上大学之前他是工人。before引导的从句一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，如从句是过去时，主句一般用过去完成时.Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemymotherwentout.时态要求：A．主从句如果是紧接着发生的动作，用同一时态B．主将从现C．从句过去时，主句过去完成时5.用after引导：after表示“在 之后”。如:Iwilltellyouaftertheyleave.他们走我再告诉你。Afteryoufinishthelettershowittome.信写完后给我看看。after引导的从句，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后，如主句是过去时,从句一般用过去完成时.Aftertheboyhadfinishedhishomework,heplayedfootballwithhisfriends.时态要求：主从句如果是紧接着发生的动作，用同一时态主将从现主句过去时，从句过去完成时6.用until/till引导：until/till表示“直至U……”。如：Hewaiteduntil/tillshewasabouttoleave.他等着直至她准备离开。Iwatchedhimuntil/tillhedisappearedinthedistance.until比较正式，可用于句首，而till一般不用于句首.till和until所表示的意义相同，多数情况下可换用。但在句首、与not无间隔连用时及在强调中只能用until。在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“动作持续到某时间为止”；在否定句中，主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词，意为“动作直到某时才开始。”肯定句：Isleptuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。WaittillIcallyou.等着我叫你。否定句：Shedidn'tarriveuntil6o'clock.她直到6点才到。Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。Ididn'tmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.直到你教我后，我才会做。1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。---Untilwhenareyoustaying?你呆到什么时候？---UntilnextMonday.呆到下周一。(2)Notuntil…无间隔使用，只能用until,若在句首，主句用倒装。Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。Hewillremainincollegeuntil/tillhefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.Iwon'tgowithyouuntil/tillIfinishmyhomework.Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.Hewon'tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathewentbackhomeaftertheexperiment.Shedidn'tmarryuntilshewasoverfifty.We'dbetternotgountilyoursisterarrives.7.since表示“自从 以来”女口：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.我们从小认识。They'vemovedtwicesincetheygotmarried.他们结婚后已搬了两次家。这类句子的主句通常用现在完成时。Ihaven'theardfromhersincesheleftBeijing・自从她离开北京后，我从未收到她的信。Ihaven'twrittentohersinceshelivedinLondon・自从她离开伦敦后，我从未给她写过信。SinceIhavebeenatthisschoolwehavethreeheadmasters.自从我到这所学校以来已有过三位校长了。TheyhaveneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill・（从我病愈以来.）TheyhaveneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill■（从我生病以来・）但是，当主句表示一段时间时，主句可用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：It'salongtimesincewemetlast.好久没见面了。HowlongisitsinceyoucameinLondon?你来伦敦有多久了?时态要求：A．一般主句用完成时，从句用过去时B.女口是Itis(hasbee)+一段时间+since since从句用一般过去时8・用assoonas弓I导：assoonas表示“一 就如：Theboysranoffassoonasweappeared.我们一来，孩子就都跑了。Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.他一接到消息就出发了。I'llwriteyouassoonasIgetthere.我一到那儿就给你来信。表示“一就 ”这一意思的连词，除assoonas夕卜，还可用themoment,theminute,theinstant等。如：Iwanttoseehimtheminutehearrives.他一来到我就要见他。ThemomentIsawhimIknewtherewasnohope.我一看到他就知道没希望了。Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet.Onceyouunderstandthisrule,you'llhavenofurtherdifficulty.Iwanttoseehertheminute/moment(that)shearrives.时态要求：A．主从句如果是紧接着发生的动作，用同一时态B．主将从现(9)用everytime等弓I导：anytime,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,thenexttime等有时也可用连词，弓导时间状语从句，分别表示“任何时候”“每次”“第一次”“最后一次”“下次”等。如：Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.你随时都可以给我打电话。Eachtime