新编英语教程 3 Unit 2 Unwillingly on Holiday

Unit2UnwillinglyonHolidayTeachingobjectives1.tobefamiliarwiththeplotsanddevelopmentinanarrative2.tobeabletoappreciatethedescriptionsofpsychologyofdifferentpeopleTeachingprocedureI.discussion1.Isgoingtoholidaygenerallyapleasantorapainfulexperience?2.Tellusyourexperienceonholidays.II.difficultsentences1.theyweretearsofanger…2.Why“therewasacroakinganswer”?3.HowdidTomintendtocompletethisunfinishedsentence“AllIsaidwas—”4.Whydidthemothersay“Hush”toTom?5.WhydidTom’smothertellhim“tobegood”?6.WhydidTomrepeat“verykind”bitterly?7.WhydidTomsitinhostileinthecar?III.MainideaTomandPeterwereverydeartoeachotherandhadplannedtospendthesummerholidaystogetherenjoyably.Butunfortunately,peterwasdownwiththemeaslesandTomwasgoingtobesenttospendtheholidayinhisuncle’sasthisisaveryinfectiousdisease.Onthedayofhisdeparture,helookedlonginglyatthegardenandatthewould-betreehouseamongtheappletreebranches.Tom’smothermustn’tbeanyhappierinsendinghimaway.WhenTomgotintohisuncle’scar,hesatinhostilesilenceinspiteofhisuncle’sfriendliness.Hewouldmuchratherthathisunclewascrueltohimsothathecouldhaveanexcusetorunbackhome.Hewasveryupsetbecausehewouldbecoopedupinasmallflatwithnogardenandnoplaymate.Onthedayofhisdeparture,helookedlonginglyatthegardenandatthewould-betreehouseamongtheappletreebranches.Peterwasdownwiththemeasles.TomandPeterwereverydeartoeachotherandhadplannedtospendthesummerholidaytogetherenjoyably.Tomcouldhaveanexcusetorunbackhome.Tomwasgoingtobesenttospendtheholidayinhisuncle’s.Tom’smothermustn’tbeanyhappierinsendinghimaway.Tomgotintohisuncle’scar,hesatinhostilesilence.Thediseaseisveryinfectious.Hisunclewasfriendly.Tomwasupset.Tomwouldmuchratherthathisunclewascrueltohim.Tomwouldbecoopedupinasmallflatwithnogardenandnoplaymates.IV.InformationrelatedtoTextI.1.麻疹（measles,rubeola,morbilli）是麻疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。主要症状有发热、上呼吸道炎、眼结膜炎等。而以皮肤出现红色斑丘疹和颊粘膜上有麻疹粘膜斑为其特征。Measlesisaninfectionofthebreathingsystem.Thecauseisavirus.Itspreadsthroughtheairwheninfectedpeoplecoughorsneeze.Measlesspreadsveryeasily.Deathsfrommeaslesareoftentheresultofrelatedinfectionslikepneumonia（肺炎）orseverediarrhea（腹泻）.Measlesisnowrareinwealthiercountrieswhereparentsusuallyhavetheirchildrenvaccinated（打预防针）againstthedisease.Butitisstillcommoninmanydevelopingcountries.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysmorethanthirtymillionpeopleareaffectedeachyear.Measlesistheleadingcauseofvaccine-preventabledeathinchildren.VaccinationcampaignshavecontrolledthediseaseinWesterncountries.Butitstillleadstomorethanfourhundredthousanddeathseachyear.Mostofthevictimsareunderfiveyearsold.Almosteverychildgotmeaslesbeforeavaccinewasdiscoveredinnineteensixty-two.Aboutfivepercentdied.Measlesitselfdoesnotkillchildren.Instead,itweakens(减弱)theirsystemssotheycandiefromotherinfections.Measlesisoneofthemostinfectiousdiseasesknown.Itspreadsthroughtheair.Signsincludehighbodytemperature(温度),skinpeeling,coughanddifficultybreathing.Measlescancausediarrhea,pneumonia,blindnessandotherdisorders.HealthofficialssaytheMeaslesInitiativehasledtootherimprovementsforchildreninsouthernAfrica.Throughthecampaign,childrenreceivebednetstreatedwithinsecticidetokillmosquitoesthatspreadmalaria(疟疾,瘴气).TheyreceivevitaminAtopreventblindness.Andtheyreceivetreatmentforstomachworms.2.British/Americanholiday/vacationHoliday(orholidays)inBrEandvacationinAmEareusedtodescribetheregularperiodstimewhenoneisnotatworkorchook,ortimethatyouspendtravelingorrestingawayformhome.（两者均表休息日、假日、外出休假日）InAmEaholiday(orpublicholiday)isasingledaywhengovernmentoffices,schools,banksandbusinessesareclosed.ThisiscalledabankholidayinBrE.TheholidaysinusedinAmEtorefertothetimeinlateDecemberandearlyJanuarythatincludesChristmas,HanukkahandtheNewYear.(包括圣诞节、修殿节和新年在内的这段时间)VacationinBrEisusedmainlytomeanoneoftheperiodswhenuniversitiesareofficiallyclosedforthestudents.V.wordsandphrasesPara.11.pleasurable:agreeable;gratifying令人愉悦的herpleasingface可爱的面容（givingpleasureorenjoyment令人满意;外多一层有意识地去讨人喜欢的含义）hispleasedlook满意的神情（感到满意）apleasantsmile令人愉快的微笑（表示被修饰的对象由于具有令人高兴的外表或热切的气质而使人感到有一种自然的吸引力）amostpleasurablejourney愉快的旅行（givingoraffordingpleasureorenjoyment人感觉愉快）2.experiencecountableuncountableExperience经历经验Beauty美女美丽SocietyPowerRoom协会社会超级大国房间力量空间这位老人年轻时独居海外，有过许多不寻常的经历。Thisoldmanlivedoverseaswhenhewasyoungandhadmanyunusualexperiences.她是位深受人们爱戴的教学经验丰富的物理教师。Sheisawell-likedphysicsteacherwithalotofteachingexperience.3.routine:[C,U]fixedandregularwayofdoingthings常规；例行公事；正常手续---Makeexerciseinthemorningapartofyourdailyroutine.让晨练成为你日常生活的一部分。Relatedphrases:oaroutinefordoingsth.（使）某人养成按时干…的习惯---Wearetryingtogetthebabyintoaroutineforfeedingandsleeping.我们试着让婴儿按时进食和睡觉。asamatterofroutine按常规breakfromroutine打破常规routineadj[usuallybeforenoun]:usually,ordinary4.accountn.anarrativeorrecordofevents记述，报告anexcitingaccountofthematch这次比赛激动人心的报导aformalbanking,brokerage,orbusinessrelationshipestablishedtoprovideforregularservices,dealings,andotherfinancialtransactions帐户Hepaidthemoneyintohisbankaccount.onaccountof:becauseof;forthesakeof由于Wegotmarriedonaccountofthebaby.takeintoaccount:totakeintoconsideration;allowfor考虑v.toconsiderasbeing;deem认为；看作accountfor:toconstitutethegoverningorprimaryfactor导致;toprovideanexplanationorjustification做出解释Badweatheraccountedforthelongdelay.长期的延缓是因为坏天气Thesuspectcouldn'taccountforhistimethatnight.嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排Para.2WhydidTomweeptearsofanger?TomandPeterhadalwayshadgreatfuntogetherinthegarden,butPeter’ssuddenillnessspoiledtheirplanforanotherenjoyableholiday.OfcourseTomwepttearsofangerandfeltfuriousnowthathehadtoleavethegardenandPeter.1.weep:toshed(tears)asanexpressionofemotion流（泪）Heweptbittertearsofregret.toexpressgrieforanguishfor;lament哀悼Sheweptthedeathofthechild.cry,weep,sob,wailCry和weepbothinvolvethesheddingoftears;crymorestronglyimpliesaccompanyingsound都与流眼泪有关；cry则更强烈地表示伴随的声音。Wailrefersprimarilytosustained,inarticulatemournfulsound主要指的是持续的、口齿不清的哀悼声。Sobdescribesweepingoramixtureofbrokenspeechandweepingmarkedbyconvulsivebreathingorgasping:描述的是哭泣或者以强烈的呼吸声或喘气声为特征的断断续续的讲话和哭泣声的混合。Wailrefersprimarilytosustained,inarticulatemournfulsound.主要指的是持续的、口齿不清的哀悼声：Andwhenhediedthelittlechildrencriedinthestreets.Thechildiswailingforthetoy.Thebabysobhimselftosleep.Sheweptbittertearsofremorse.2.rageragev.tospeakoractinviolentanger狂怒地说;tospreadorprevailforcefully盛行；tomovewithgreatviolenceorintensity席卷vi:beviolentlyangry;(ofstorms,etc)beviolent发怒；（指风暴等）狂暴---Heragedandfumedagainstmefornotlettinghimhavehisownway.他对我发怒因为我没有让他自行其道。---Fluragedthroughthecountry.流行性感冒在全国各地猖獗。Peopleallragedatthecorruptionofthegovernment.Theplagueragedformonths.Astormragedthroughthemountains.风暴席卷山区rage[C,U](outburstof)furiousanger;violence:盛怒（之爆发）；狂暴acurrent,eagerlyadoptedfashion;afadorcraze风行一时。relatedphrases:bein/flyintoarage勃然大怒be(all)therage:sthveryfashionable风靡一时之物；极为流行之物Thosetoysarealltheragethekidsatthemoment.Tornjeanswereoncealltherage.3.Paraphrasethesentence“Helookedhisgood-byeatthegardenandragedthathehadtoleaveit—leaveitandPeter.”Hesaidgood-byetothegardenbylookingatitandfeltfuriousthat…要离开曾在孩提时代住过的小屋子了，她环顾四周，向每一件熟悉的物品一一告别。Uponleavingthesmallhousewhereshelivedinherchildhood,shelookedhergood-byeateveryfamiliarobjectaround.Para.3Whatisa“roughpatch”?Itisaverysmallpieceoflandwithanuneven,irregularsurfaceonwhichitisnoteasytowalk.WhywastheansweracroakingonewhenTomcalledup“Good-bye,Peter”?Peterwasdownwiththemeaslesandmightwellhavehadasorethroat.1.asarule:usually,moreoftenthannot,generallyspeakingFormanyschool,newsemesterbeginsinSeptember,asarule,andouruniversityisnoexceptiontotherule.Asarule,vegetableoilsarebetterforusthananimalfats.一般来说，植物油比动物脂肪对人更有好处。Igotobedearlyasarule.我一贯睡得早。2.Paraphrasethesentence“Towngardensaresmall,asarule,andtheLong’sgardenwasnoexceptiontotherule.”Usually/Moreoftenthannot,towngardensaresmall,thesameisthecasewiththeLong’sgarden.noexception/withoutexception(toarule):一律；无一例外---Everyonemustgetupatsixtodomorningexercisesandthosewhostayuplatearenoexceptiontotherule.请注意，每位学生都应该遵守课堂纪律，你也不例外。Pleasenotthateverystudentshouldkeepclassroomdiscipline,andyouarenoexception.---Allstudentswithoutexceptionmusttaketheexams.所有的…，无一例外。3.—plot[C]asmallpieceoflandthatisusedorintendedforaspecialpurpose（专用的）小块土地--avegetable/fruitplot一块菜圃；一块果园--aplotoflandtobuildahouseon用来建房屋的一块土地4.patch[C]asmallpieceofland,especiallyoneusedforgrowingvegetablesorfruits.一块土地；（尤之）菜地，果园5.bearsomeidiomaticwaysofusing“bear”:Thesoundofmusicwasbornonthewind.(totransmitatlarge广泛散布)Idoubtifthatchaircanbearyourweight.(toholdup;support支撑；支持)Allthecostsoftherepairswillbebornbyourcompany.(tobeaccountablefor负责：对…负责)Hislegstillbearsascar.(tohaveasavisiblecharacteristic标有)Thisletterbearsnosignature.(tohaveasaquality;exhibit显示)Whatshesaysbearsnorelationtoitsfather.(tohaverelevance;apply和…有关)Hislatestfilmbearswitnesstohisversatility.(exhibit显示)Althoughtheytreatedherbadlyshedoesn'tbearagrudgeagainstthem.(tocarryinthemind;harbor心怀)6.Paraphrasethesentence“Accordingly,thetwoboyshadalwaysbeenallowedtoclimbfreelyoverit.”Therefore/Asanaturalconsequence/So…accordinglyadv.(usedespeciallyatthebeginningofasentence)therefore;so;asanaturalconsequence:---Thecostofmaterialsrosesharplylastyear.Accordingly,wewereforcedtoincreaseourprices.去年材料成本大幅度提高，因此，我们被迫加价。Relatedphrases:accordingtoprep:followingoragreeingwithsth.Para.4Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthesentence“Tomgazed,andthenturnedbackintothehouse?”Theliteralmeaningofthesentenceis“Tomkepthislookfixedoneverythinginthesmallgarden…”or“Tomlookedlongandearnestlyateverythinginthesmallgarden,andafterthathewentintothehouse.”TheimpliedmeaningisthatTomcouldhardlytearhimselfawayfromeverythinginthesmallgarden,whichhadgivenhimsomuchfunandjoyinpreviousholiday.WhydidTomcallupatthefootofthestairsinsteadofgoingupstairstosaygood-byetoPeter?Hedidn’tgoupstairstosaygood-byetoPeter,butshouted“Good-bye,Peter”instead,becausePeterwasdownwiththemeasles,whichisahighlyinfectiousdisease.SoTomhadtostayawayfromPeter.Paraphrasethesentence“Therewasacroakinganswer.”…inadeep,hoarsesound…Para.5Whatismeantby“Heputhishandoutforit”?Itmeans“Heheldouthishandtotakehissuitcase.”WhatdidTom’smothermeanby“it’snotniceforyoutoberushedawaylikethistoavoidthemeasles”?Tom’smotheradmittedthatitwasnotpleasantforTomtobesentawayinsuchhastesoasnottocontractthemeasles.1.Paraphrasethesentence“Mrs.Longclungtothecaseforamoment,claiminghisattentionfirst.”Mrs.Longheldthecasetightforawhile,inanefforttocallhisattentionfirst.发言人清了清嗓子以唤起听众的注意。Thespeakerclearedhisthroattoclaimtheattentionoftheaudience.2.clingtoa.clungtotheropetokeepfromfalling;fabricsthatclingtothebody.抓牢绳子以防掉下；紧贴身的衣服b.Thebabymonkeyclungtoitsmother.小猴子紧紧偎着它妈妈。c.clingingtooutdatedcustoms.墨守陈规d.(figurative)tobewillingtogetridofsth,orstopdoingsth.不愿放弃；坚持---Hemanagedtoclingontolifefroanothercoupleofyears.他顽强地又活了几年。3.themeasles/measlesa.themumps/mumps,AIDSb.politics,economics,electronics,mechanics,linguistics4.anyway:adv:1)besides而且；加之；反正---It’stooexpensiveandanywaythecolordoesn’tsuityou.2)inspiteofsth;evenso尽管；即使这样---ThewaterwascoldbutItakeashoweranyway.Para.6HowdidTomintendtocompletethisunfinishedsentence“AllIsaidwas…”?PerhapsTomintendedtosay:“AllIsaidwasIwouldratherhavemeasleswithPeterthangotoUncleAlan’s.Para.7Whydidthemothersay“Hush!”toTom?UncleAlanwasverykindtotakeTomawayatshortnotice,butTomwasunwillingtogoandsaidsomethingungrateful.Tom’smotherwasworriedthatUncleAlanwouldhearwhatTomintendedtosayandbeupset.WhydidTom’smotherwhispersomethingtoTom?BecauseshewantedTomtobepreparedforthenewsurroundingssothathecouldbehaveproperlyandgetonwellwitheverybodyinhisuncle’shome.Besides,shedidnotwanttobeoverheardbyUncleAlan,whowassittinginhiscarnotfaraway.WhydidTom’smothertellhim“tobegood”?ShesensedthatTomwascrossandmightberudetohisuncleandaunt.1.preparea.Theteacherpreparedthestudentsfortheexams.—Thestudentsarepreparedfortheexambytheteacher.（状态）老师让学生们为考试作准备Theteampreparedthemselvesfordefeat/toacceptdefeat.Wemustbepreparedforallcontingencies."我们要作好各种准备,以防意外。"Theteampreparedthemselvesfordefeat/toacceptdefeat.这个队心理上做好了接受失败的准备。b.Willyouhelpmepreparefortheget-togetheroftheoldclassmates?你能否帮我为这次老同学聚会做好准备工作?（动作）Para.81.Paraphrasethesentence“Shekissedhim,gavehimadismissivepushtowardsthecarandthenfollowedhimtoit.”…pushedhimtowardsthecarsoastosendhimawayandthenfollowedhimtoit.2.dismissiveadj:showingsendingsbawayorallowingsbtoleave示意离开的dismissvt:---Nowyouaredismissed.现在下课。dismissal[U,C]:theactofdismissingsbfromtheirjob.解雇；开除；撤职3.Paraphrasethesentence“HowgratefulwearetoyoubothfortakingTomoffatsuchshortnotice.”HowcanwethankyouenoughfortakingTomawaysoquickly.Wehadhardlyanytimetoaskforyourconsent.atshortnotice(BrE)=onshortnotice(AmE)=atamoment’snotice:withlittletimeforpreparation:随时；一经通知立即；没有准备时间Thisisthebestroomwecangetatsuchshortnotice.这是我们临时能弄到的最好的房间。Thestudentsusuallygivethelandladyonemonth’noticebeforetheymove.学生们通常都是在搬家之前一个月通知房东。他接到通知立即去西安，时间急迫得连给他妻子打电话的时间都没有。HewasaskedtoleaveforXi’anatsuchshortnoticethathedidn’tevenhavetimetocallhiswife.我倒不在乎偶尔加班加点，我在乎的是你任意取消我的节假日。Idon’tcaresomuchaboutworkingovertimeoccasionally,butaboutyourcallingoffmyholidayswithnonotice.Para.9WhydidTomrepeat“verykind”bitterly?Tomdidn’twanttoleavePeterandhismothersohewasnotallgratefultoUncleAlanfortakinghimaway.Hewishedthathisuncleandrefusedtotakehimtohishouse.Sincehismotherexpectedhimtoagreewithher,hecouldn’tsayanythingtothecontrary,soherepeated“verykind”bitterly.Para.10WhatdidMrs.Longmeanby“Thereissolittleroominthehousewhenthereisillness”?MostprobablyTomandPetersharedthesameroom.ButnowPeterhadtobeseparatedfromTombecauseofthemeasles.Whentherewasapatientwithaninfectiousdiseaseathome,Mrs.Longfoundthattherewasn’tenoughspaceinthehouse.Para.11helpout:givehelpatatimeofneed在某人困难的时候提供帮忙Hismotherhelphimoutwithsomemoneywhenhewasoutofwork.Para.13他们不情愿参与我们的演讲比赛，真令人扫兴。Theirreluctancetojoinusinthespeechcontestreallyspoiltourfun.Para.14我的鞋子是崭新的，我情愿等到天气放晴后再走。Myshoesarebrand-new;I’dratherstayuntilitclearsup.Para.15WhydidMrs.Longraiseherhandsinagestureofdespair?Petershouldhaveremainedinbedbuthegotupandwentuptothewindowtowavegood-byetoTom.Seeingthis,Mrs.LongfeltthatshehadtopersuadePetertostayinbed.Sheraisedherhandtotellhimso,butsheknewitwasnouse.Soshehurriedindoors.HowdidPeterfeelaboutTom’sgoingaway?Peterdidn’twantTomtogoaway,leavinghimallalone.WhenTomwasleavinghecouldn’tstayquietlyinbed.Hegotupandwenttothewindowtowavegood-byetoTominspiteofhismother’sordersthatheoughttostayinbed.Paraphrasethesentence“Tomwavedgood-byeangrilytohismother,andthen,carelessevenofthecosttoothers,wavedtoaninflamedfacepressedagainstabedroomwindow.”…withoutconsideringthepainandsufferingitmightgiveothers,Tomwavedgood-byetoPeterwhosered,feverishfacewaspressedagainstthebedroomwindow.Para.16WhydidTomsitinhostilesilenceinthecar?HewasangrytobetakenawayinahurrytoanewplacewithoutPeter.Besides,theirplantohavegreatfunduringthesummerholidayswasgoingtobecompletelyspoiled.That’swhyhesatinthecarinanunfriendlywaywithoutsayinganything.1.Paraphrasethesentence“Tomclosedthecarwindowandsatbackinhisseat,inhostilesilence.”…keepingveryquietandshowingstrongresentmentandunfriendliness…2.Paraphrasethesentence“Ihopewegetonreasonablywell.”Ihopewecangetalongwitheachotherquitewell.Para.18Whatismeantby“MotherandFatherwouldsayIdidright”?Itmeans“MotherandFatherwouldsayIdidtherightthing.”Inotherwords,hismotherandfatherwouldthinkthatitwasrightforTomtorunawayhome.Theyoungmanispolite.=Heispolitebynature.Theyoungmanisbeingpolite.（Theyoungmanisusuallynotpolite,butjustforthisonceheisactingpolitely,heisassumingalookofpolitenessnow.）VI.Analysisofthecharacters1.mother2.Tom3.Peter4.UncleAlanVII.discussion:Whatarethegoodwaysofspendingameaningfulholiday?TEXTIISomeinformationaboutAprilFool’sDayAprilFool’sDayisonApril1st.Itistraditionallyadaytoplaypracticaljokesonothers,sendpeopleonfool'serrands（徒劳的奔波）,andfooltheunsuspecting（没有察觉的人）.N