考研与长难句3-英语翻译

考研英语翻译与长难句马冀明微信：810886964长难句精讲定语从句Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.定语从句三大翻译方法移断换Cookingtooktimeandenergy—agoodchipneedsfryingtwice,oncetocookthepotatoandoncetogetitcrispy(脆)—whichdiscouragedconsumptionofthatsortorfood.Masspreparationoffoodtookawaythatconstraint.断句2.插入语移位discouraged换preparation换长难句精讲非谓语动词结构SVO,SVO.语法错1.SVO;SVO.2.SVO.SVO.3.SVO,but/so/andSVO.4.SVO,which/who/when/where/how.5.SVO,adj..6.SVO,doing.../done…/todo…Thedogwaslyingontheground,________.dietodiedieddeaddyingThedogwaslyingontheground,________.killkilledkillingtokillThetremendousexpansionofmoderncivilizationnowthreatenstoupsetthisnaturalbalance,puttingunprecedentedpressureonthesurvivalofourwildlife.结果状语不移位upset略unprecedented前所未有的；史无前例的wildlife=wildanimalsRecognizingthegrowingthreatHIVposestochildsurvival,theagencywilltestmethodsofpreventingtransmissionfrommothertochild,suchasVitaminAsupplementsandotherpromisingintervention.原因状语transmissionfrommothertochild母婴间传播supplement补充，营养品promisingapromisingyouth有希望的青年promisingcrops长势很好的庄稼apromisingirondeposit有开采价值的铁矿床intervention1.exchangeintervention外汇管理当局对外汇市场的干预2.governmentintervention政府干预3.marketintervention市场干预4.multicurrencyintervention多种货币介入erveneinterferemeddleinterruptinterceptintrudedisturbPushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomerswillcrushthegovernment’sfinances,GeorgeBushistounveilareform,planinnextweek’sstate-of-the-unionaddress.句子主干：GeorgeBushistounveilareformplan原因状语：pushedbypollsandbyforecasts推动系列powerfuelpushpropeldrivepromoteforcepollThelatestpollgivestheRepublicansa5％lead.最近的民意调查结果表明共和党领先了五个百分点。In1945,WinstonChurchillwasdefeatedatthepolls.温斯顿·丘吉尔在1945年的大选中被击败。domesticdomesticconcerns家务;domesticaffairs内政domestictroubles家庭纠纷domesticmarkets国内市场domesticandforeignnews国内外新闻domesticgoods/products国产,国货domesticanimals家畜crushTheirvehiclewascrushedbyanarmytank.他们的车被一辆军用坦克压扁了。orangecrush桔子汁TherewassuchacrushonthetrainthatIcouldhardlybreathe.列车上这么拥挤我几乎透不过气来。have/getacrushonsb.[俚]迷恋某人,深深地爱上某人crushdown砸碎,镇压;压倒state-of-the-unionState国家country/nation州provincev.陈述statementStateofournation/stateofmind

情况、状态addresshomeaddress住址;通讯处addressthecongress向国会发表演讲addresstheproblem解决问题Iheardhimaddressherasdarling.我听见他称她为“亲爱的”。anaddressofe欢迎词amanofpleasingaddress一位谈吐流利的人payone'saddressestoalady向一位女子献殷勤universalhealthcare全民医疗保健universalrules一般的原则generalprinciples通则universalapplause全场的热烈掌声universalgenius多才多艺的天才universalmisery普遍的苦难generalelection普选Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.独立主格结构Withthelostmoneyfound,everythingreturnedtonormal.原因状语Withhugechunksofthisdebtpackagedupandsoldtofinancialcompaniesacrosstheworld,badloansareroughingupbanksandmarketsjustabouteverywhere.原因状语hugechunks天量badloans呆账，坏账，不良贷款roughup伤害aroughroad崎岖的小路roughhands粗糙的手roughhair乱蓬蓬的头发roughfood粗食aroughestimate粗略的估计aroughbutheartye虽不周到但热情诚心的欢迎aroughstyleofwriting不讲究的文体aroughtemper粗暴的脾气roughweather狂风暴雨的天气aroughassignment艰巨的任务aroughlife艰苦的生活Butwithtransportationcostscontinuingtoplummetandmarketsingfreer,therearemanymoreplacesforcompaniestosetupshops.原因状语plummet急剧下降Withtheseabehindherandthewallsinfront,therewasonlyonewaytogo—forwardintothedarkpassageway.原因状语passageway通道Becauseofincreasedphysicalfitness,lifeexpectancyinthenationhasrisentoseventy-threeyears,withfewersufferingfromheartdisease,thenation’snumberonekiller.伴随状语increasedphysicalfitness身体健康状况改善lifeexpectancy寿命suffer换同位语移位Thankstoanaccidentofhistory,mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer,withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly.伴随状语thankstobecauseofduetoowingtoasaresultofonaccountofinvirtueof1.the+adj.=特征相同的一类人thewounded伤员/thekilled被杀者/theinjured受伤者/theliving活着的人/theunemployed失业者/theoppressed被压迫者/theoppressing压迫者2.“the+adj.”结构若用于表示抽象概念,则表示单数意义.Thetruealwaystriumphs.真理永远获胜.thegood善良/theright正义/thetrue真实/thebad坏事/thehumorous幽默感.平行结构先概括，后举例平行结构看and之后AirtravelissuchaneverydayexperiencethesedaysthatwearenotsurprisedwhenwereadaboutapoliticianhavingtalkswiththeJapanesePrimeMinisteroneday,attendingaconferenceinAustraliathefollowingmorningandhavingtobeoffatmiddaytosignatradeagreementinBangkok.everydayexperience司空见惯such…that…如此…以至于…politicianstatesmandiplomatPrimeMinisterPresidentPremierChairmanChancellorSecretaryofStategovernorsenatorrepresentativeCongressmanministersecretarytreasurerCommissionerThe11euromembers’rightstoinflate,tofinancebudgetdeficitsbyprintingmoney,toboostexportstemporarilybycurrencydevaluationarebeinghandedovertothenewEuropeanCentralBankinthemostpowerfulwaybytreaty.euromembers欧元区成员国finance换：弥补budgetdeficits预算赤字EuropeanCentralBank欧洲中央银行FederalReserveBankofAmerica美联储BankofEngland英格兰银行ThePeople'sBankOfChina中国人民银行euro€EUEuropeanUnionUNUnitedNationsUStheUnitedStatesUKUnitedKingdom￡pound$dollar¥yuan€euro￡pounds$dollars¥yuan€eurosSheemphasizestheneedforfocusedstudiesoncostsandbenefitsofworkingoddhours,thephysicalandemotionalhealthofpeopleworkingnightsandweekends,andthereasonsbehindthenecessityforworkingthesehours.costsandbenefits利与弊physicalandemotionalhealth身心健康Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.beinvolvedinbeinvolvedinHewasinvolvedinacaraccident.Clintonwasinvolvedinasexscandal.Iaminvolvednow.IwasdeeplyinvolvedintheImaxmovie.Hewasinvolvedinworkingoutaplan.他专心致志地制订计划。ancientprimitivesavagebarbarianyahoouncivilizedFourAncientCivilizationancientmoderncontemporaryauthorityauthorize授权unityofcommandclarityofdirectionAofBB的A?A的B?指代结构代名词it（实指，虚指）,this,that,they,one,some,others,etc.代动词Doyoulikeswimming?Yes,Ido.指代结构注意点单复数之分singular pluralit theythis thesethat those that who which 从句引导词无单复数Itdoesn’tmatterhowgreenyouareifyourhouseinthesuburbstillgenerates14cartripsaday,whichistheAmericanaverage.Itdoesn’tmatterhowgreenyouareifyourhouseinthesuburbstillgenerates14cartripsaday.ThisistheAmericanaverage.Itdoesn’tmatterhowgreenyouareifyourhouseinthesuburbstillgenerates14cartripsaday.TheyaretheAmericanaverage.2.距离distance指代词通常指代本句内或上一句中相关内容。距离远会引起歧义。Therearetreesonbothsidesoftheroad.Theyareflourishingintherichsoilwithvigorousbranchesandleaves.Theyarebeneficialtothereductionofcarbondioxide.3.范围scope全指：it,he,she,this,that,they,these,those,which,whoetc.部分指:不定代词one,some,otherDrRangelandhiscolleaguesfoundthatifpeoplearetoldawineisexpensivewhiletheyaredrinkingit,theyreallydothinkittastesnicerthanacheapone,ratherthanmerelysayingthattheydo.tell+双宾语say与哪一词并列ratherthan=insteadof而不是ratherthanmerely而不是仅仅（而不是简简单单地）merely,hardly,rarely,barely,nearly,scarcely,seldom辨析TheEnglishofChaucerisprehensibletomodernlaymen,whereasthatofShakespeareisnotonlycomprehensiblebutheldbysometobeamodel.thatof能否换其它的代词？ArchaicEnglishlaymen门外汉model典范Butevenfromthefigurestheypresent,itisclearlyanimportantfactor,andonethatislikelytoapplyinotherpartsoftheworldwheretherecordsneededtoproveitarenotsogood.距离原则单复数原则断句AGermanTVdramafeaturingarailwaysuicideinspiredariseinsuicidesonthetracks—anddidsoagainwhenitwasrepeatedafewyearslater.featurev.主要描述找准代动词语代名词inspireLowinterestrateinspirestragedy.motivatefueldrivestimulatecauseleadtoresultinbringaboutgiverisetocontributetotranslatetoencourageAndthestress-out,sedentaryAmericanlifestyle—nottomentiontheoverabundanceofcheap,high-caloriefoods

—makesitdifficultforpeopletoeatashealthfullyorexerciseasmuchastheyshould.此处肿瘤成分可以顺译It做形式宾语，真正宾语在后部stress-out压垮的sedentary久坐不动的overabundance泛滥AmakesitdifficultforBtodoC.A使得让B去做C这件事变得困难。比较结构more…than…as…as…more…//than…as…//as…Thecopsareasstupidastheyarecorrupt.警察有多腐败就有多愚蠢。比较结构注意点1.后句不完整参照完整的前句2.前句出现否定词not部分否定，否定前句no全部否定，否定前后句ThesimulationofforceslikelytobeexperiencedonthenewVirginGalacticspaceshipsuggestsmorepeople

thanhadpreviouslybeenimaginedwouldbeabletoendurethetrip.还原成常见的比较结构ThesimulationofforceslikelytobeexperiencedonthenewVirginGalacticspaceshipsuggestsmorepeoplewouldbeabletoendurethetripthanhadpreviouslybeenimagined.morepeople

than比较部分可分两句分开翻译更多的人可以承受这旅程，多过之前预想的人数亦可合成一句比之前预想更多的人可以承受这旅程Iftheexperienceandopinionsofotherscanbeharnessedtothatend,somuchthebetter.harness充分利用somuchthebetter那就太好了Forexample,whenoneofthewineswassaidtocost$10abottleitwasratedlessthanhalfasgoodaswhenpeopleweretolditcost$90abottle,itstrueretailprice.lessthanhalfasgoodas不到一半的好此句需彻底打破原语序，意译，确保通顺GaymenandwomenrespondasstronglytoMHC-derivedsmellsasstraightpeopledo—though,asmightbeexpected,theirresponseistothesmellofpeopleofthesamesex,ratherthantheoppositeone.as…as比较结构可分可合ratherthan而不是straightpeople异性恋Thelargertheswelling,thegreatertheimmunestressonthebirdandthemoreenergyitsimmunesystemisconsumingtofightofftheeffectsofpathogens.越…越…句型倒装句还原为了通顺需省略词语swelling肿块immune免疫pathogen病原体effects换：入侵swellenlargeinflateincreasemagnifybroadengrowstretchexpandamplifyButDrBowlesbelievespeopledoperformactswhichcostthemmorethantheygain.断句翻译IloveyoumorethanIcansay.爱你多过我能说的。我比我说的更爱你。爱你在心，口难开。不需要刻板的译出比较的效果Revealingthecommongroundthatalreadyexistsmaybemorefruitfulthantryingtocreateit.断句代词itcommonground共同点groundlessagroundlessaccusation毫无根据的指责Oursuspicionsturnedouttobegroundless.结果证明我们的怀疑毫无根据。PollsshowthatAmericansnowtrusttheDemocratsasmuch,ifnotmore,thanRepublicansonnationalsecurityandterrorism—astrikingchangefromthepositionearlierinthedecade.asmuch,ifnotmore,than起码一样多（不多于的话，至少等于）terrorism换：反恐strikingchange显著的变化earlierinthedecade数年前Itisnosurprise,therefore,that95%ofCEOssurveyedlastyearbyMcKinsey,aconsultancy,saidthatsocietynowhashigherexpectationsofbusinesstakingonpublicresponsibilitiesthanitdidfiveyearsago.可翻为比较句Corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)企业社会责任McKinsey,aconsultancy麦肯锡咨询公司Asmanualworkesmoreautomatedandtradebarriersfall,companieschaseknowledgeworkersandefficiencyjustasmuchastheydocheaplaborandaccesstonewmarkets.即……又……一边……一边……比较两者的前后关系汉语偏正英语正偏阅读时关注比较结构前面的内容It’saphilosophyofdesignthattacklesnotsomuchbuildingsthemselvesastheentirebuildingenvironment.as……asnotso……asnot对前半句部分否定与其说……到不如说改平级比较为差级比较相当于lessthanTheaverageAmericanwalksaslittleasfourminutesaday,inpartbecauselittleiswithinwalkingdistance.aslittleas仅仅，只有，就AnationonthewheelsteeringwheelShedoesn’tbelongonthissideofthestreetanymorethanyoubelongontheotherside.no=notany=前后全部否定Acompanycouldnotbejudgedbyitschiefexecutiveanybetterthanabookcouldbejudgedbyitscover.翻译应试技巧：词义的确定word》context阅读对词准确性要求低，翻译要求高Indevelopingcountries,every10percentage-pointincreaseinmobile-phonepenetration

yieldsanextra0.81percentagepointsofannualeconomicgrowth,accordingtoa2009WorldBankstudy.penetration普及，覆盖yield带来，导致Farmersinremoteareaswillfindcustomizedadviceoncropplanting.customized因地制宜的（定制）单词切记放在语境中理解！2.词性的转换

英汉Logic 同Grammar 不同词性不对等翻译时遵循逻辑还是语法？TheSilenceoftheLambs沉默的羔羊英语：n+v+n汉语：v+v+v杀人是犯罪。Killingpeopleisaseriouscrime.英语动词变名词方式：1.v+mentmanagement，arrangement，governmentmanagementofacompany2.v+tioncreation,determination,elimination3.v.小动词（4个字母以下）make，hit，runmakeofthecarChinesemaketheruninthebanktherunintheclothestheruninthestockingTransformerswasahitinthemoviemarket.4.V+ing动名词还原翻译法名词换动词介词换动词（against,with）Thisillusorystateofdetachmentcaneaddictiveasweisolateourselvesasafedistancefromthecrueltyofourfleshlylives,whereweareflawed,powerlessandinconsequential（无足轻重）.

这种虚构的超脱的状态能够让人们上瘾因为我们与残酷的现实生活保持一定安全的距离，在现实生活中没有人是完美的，没有人是无所不能的，更没有人是高高在上的。Inessence,wehavebeenprovidednotonlythemeanstobemorefree,butalsotoenew,tocreateandprojectamoreperfectselftotheworld.根本上来讲，我们都不仅拥有更多自由的方法，而且有方法来创造一个新的完美的自我，并把自我向这个世界展示。3.语序调整后置定语：短的前置，长的断句单独翻译后置状语：小状语置于谓语动词前，大状语置于句首真题练习4.草稿与修改练习与考试时均采用此方法5.准确与通顺要信还是达？真题解析2013考研英语二翻译1.Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.

【词汇】instantly:立即、马上;

【分析】句子主干为Icanpickadate…andknow…；宾语部分为where…,what…andeven…。句子中并列结构突出。

【译文】从过去的53年间任选一天，我能立刻回想起当时我身在何方，当天新闻中发生何事，甚至那天是周几。2.I’vebeenabletodothis,sinceIwasfour.

【分析】句子主干为I’vebeenabletodothis,since引导时间状语从句【译文】自从四岁，我就具备这种能力。3.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.

【词汇】overwhelmed:压垮，压倒，淹没;absorb:吸收

【分析】句子主干为Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwith…,省略关系词的定语从句mybrainabsorbs作后置定语修饰information

【译文】我从不会因大脑吸信息量过大而感到难以承受。4.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.

【词汇】cope:处理;store:存储;neatly:整齐的，整洁的【分析】句子主干为Mymindseemstobe…andtheinformationis…【译文】我的大脑似乎可以处理它们，并将其有序地存储于脑中。5.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes―trytoputittooneside.【词汇】thinkof:考虑，想起;【分析】句子主干为Idowhat…what引导宾语从句，破折号后trytoputittooneside对其进行解释说明；when引导时间状语从句。【译文】每当忆及忧伤往事，和其他人一样，我会尽量将其搁置一旁。6.Idon’tthinkit’sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.【词汇】clear:清晰的【分析】句子主干为Idon’tthinkitsharderforme,because引导原因状语从句。It指代上句话内容。【译文】我不认为因为我的记忆更为清晰，自己就比其他人更难做到此事。7.Powerfulmemorydoesn’tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.【词汇】powerful:强大的，权力大的;emotion:情感，情绪;acute:敏锐的，敏感的;vivid:生动的，形象的【分析】句子主干为Powerfulmemorydoesn’tmake…【译文】好记性并没有让我的情感体验更鲜活生动。8.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.【词汇】recall:回忆起，回想起【分析】句子主干为Icanrecalltheday…andthesadness…省略引导词的定语从句mygrandfatherdied作后置定语修饰theday；同样省略引导词的定语从句Ifelt修饰sadness（定语从句关系词做宾语时可以省略）；when引导时间状语从句对thesadnessIfelt进行修饰。

【译文】祖父去世那天的情景和之前那天我去医院看望他时的伤心欲绝都历历在目。9.IalsorememberthatthemusicalplayHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday―theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.【词汇】musicalplay:音乐剧;Hair:《毛发》（1968年上演，是对美国百老汇音乐剧的颠覆，获得托尼奖）;Broadway:百老汇;pop:突然出现【分析】句子主干Ialsorememberthat…,that引导的宾语从句主干为themusicalplayHairopened…;破折号后they指代前两句话的内容，表示同一天发生的两件截然不同的事件，突出前面提到的好记性并未使我的情感体验更鲜活生动。【译文】我也还记得当天在音乐剧《毛发》百老汇开场演出。这两件事都以同样的方式跃入我的脑海。真题解析2014考研英语二翻译Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffull.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’tmend.大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。“Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithreality,”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.哈佛大学的TalBen-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做好一件