中考英语语法大全-宾语从句

中考英语播法大全——卖语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有从属连词that,whether,if;连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what等；连接副词when,where,why,how等。宾语从句的三大考点是时态、语序和引导词。一、宾语从句的引导词在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主句与从句之间要有一个连接词来引导从句，这个连接词称为宾语从句的引导句。宾语从句的引导词分三类，一是连接代词that，二是连词if和whether，三是特殊疑问句。1.that引导的宾语从句宾语从句是陈述句时，用连词that引导。that在从句中只起引导作用，没有词义，不做句子成分，在口语中常常省略。如：Webelievethatheishonest.Isuggestthatweshouldgotomorrow,WelearntfromhisletterthathewasinSpain.Ididn'tknow(that)hewasLiLei.Shesaidthatshewouldcometothemeeting.Ipromiseyou(that)Iwillbethere.注意：不能省略that的8种宾语从向①当宾语从句前有插入语时that不能省略。如：Wehope，onthecontrary，thathewillstayathomewithus.②宾语从句前有间接宾语时that不能省略。如：HetoldmethathewasleavingforJapan.③that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后不能省略。如：第1页共1页Hesaid（that）thebookwasveryinterestingandthatallthechildrenliketoreadit.（后一个that不能省略）④在“it（形式宾语）+宾语补足语”之后的宾语从句that不能省略。如Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.⑤that从句单独回答问题时不省略that。如：一Whatdidhehear?-ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.⑥在except，but等介词后的宾语从句that不能省略。如：Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch.⑦为了强调宾语把从句位于句首时，that不能省略。如：Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve.⑧在较正式的场合或不常用的动词（如reply，object）后通常不省略that。如：Herepliedthathedisagreed.2.if/whether引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，从句要用if或whether引导，if和whether意为“是否”，在句中不做句子成分，也不能省略。Iaskedhimifhewasbusy.Iaskedhimwhetherhewascoming.Idon,tknowif（whether）he'llarriveintime.Ididn,tknowwhethertheylikedtheplace.Iwonderifit'slargeenough.Shedidn'tsayifhewasstillalive.Idon'tknowwhetherhe'llarriveintime.Iaskedherwhethersheagreed.［辨析］if和whether的用法区别：if引导宾语从句，意思是“是否"，可与whether互换使用，if往在口语中用得较多,whether多用于书面语及正式的场合。第2页共2页(1)在引导否定概念的宾语从向时，只能用if,而不用whether。如：HeaskedmeifIhadn'tfinishedmywork.在下列情况下多用whether而不用if：①在动词不定式之前只能用whether，而不用if。如：Ican'tdecidewhethertostay.Hedoesn'tknowwhethertovisitthatoldmanagain.②在介所后的宾语从向，只能用whether引导而不用if。如：Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewilllosehiswork.③当宾语从句置于句首表示强调时用whether引导不宜用if。如：Whetherhelivesthere，Iwanttoknow.④与ornot连用时用whether连接而不用if。如：Idon'tknowwhetherornottheywillcomeforourhelp.注意：若whether和ornot不连在一起，在口语中可以用if取代whether,当然也可以用whether。如:Iamnotcertainif/whetherthetrainwillarriveontimeornot.Idon'tcareif/whetheryourcarbreaksdownornot.⑤在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan.⑥在及物动词know后的宾语从句，为避免产生歧义常用whether而不用if引导。如：LetmeknowwhetherhehasleftforShanghai.3.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词就是引导词。如：Idon'tknowwho/whomyoumean.Pleasetellmewhichyoulike.Youdon'tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.第3页共3页Heaskedwhyhehadtogoalone.Iaskedhowhewasgettingon.Heknowswheretheylive.I,dliketoknowwhentheywilllethimout.注意：what引导的宾语从中有两种含义。一是表示疑问，意为“什么”，二是表示“所……的”。如：Idon,tknowwhathisnameis.Doyouknowwhatheisdoingthere?ItakebackwhatIsaid.二、宾语从句的时态出题点:宾语从句的时态宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态。宾语从句的时态分为以下两种情况：.时态的变化当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用相应的过去时态。Thepolicewomanaskedthelittleboywherehelived.一般过去时 一般过去时Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.一般过去时过去将来时.时态的不变化(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或者祈使句时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。eg: DoyouknowhowAmycametoschoolthismorning?一般现在时 一般过去时 Herbikewasbroken,soshehadtowalk.eg:Idon'tknowwhenhewillcomeback.一般现在时 一般将来时eg:Pleasetellmewhomyouwenttothegardenwiththismorning.第4页共4页

祈使句一般过去时祈使句一般过去时⑵当宾语从句表达客观事实或规律时，其时态应用一般现在时。eg:Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.eg:Everyoneknewthattherearesixtyminutesinanhour.三、宾语从句的错序宾语从句疑问句时,要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhenwewouldstartoutthenextday.Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?（误）Idon'tknowwherehasshegone.（正）Idon'tknowwhereshehasgone.（误）Doyouknowwhatishedoing?（正）Doyouknowwhatheisdoing?（误）Idon'tknowhowdoeshegotoschool.（正）Iknowhowhegoestoschool.四、宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think.believe.suppose.expect,imagine等，后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语：如：Idon'tsupposethatitistrue.Idon'timaginethathewillcome.Idon'tthinkweneedwastemuchtimeonit.Wedidn'tthinkwe'dbethislate.Idon'tsupposeI'lltroubleyouagain.注意：在反意疑问句中，这种否定转移的复合向在进行反意疑问时，助动词和相应代词要与从句一致，而且用肯定式。如：第5页共5页Idon'tthinktheboyisclever,ishe?Idon'tbelieveitwillraintomorrow,willit?五、宾语从句的简化宾语从句在许多情况下可以简化为动词不定式的形式而所表达的意思不变，这种由较复杂的宾语从句转化为简单句的过程称为宾语从句的简化。宾语从句的简化主要有以下几情况。.由宾语从句简化为动词不定式当主句的谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时.宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.—LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.—Wedecidedtohelphim..由宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，从句由特殊疑问词引导，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.—Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.注意：当主句谓语动词是tell,，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致，而且从句由特殊疑问词引导时，宾语从句也可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?—Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation?.由宾语从句简化“动词+sb.todo”结构当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要），ask（要求），advise（建议）等时，如果第6页共6页主句和从句不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.—Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.+介词+动名词形式.由宾语从句简化为“动词+介词+动名词”形式某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。如：Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.—Heinsistedongoingwithus..由宾语从句简化为“宾语+V-ing形式（宾语补足语）”结构某些动词后面的宾语从句可转换为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。如:LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.—LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground..其他宾语从句简化句型还有一些动词由复合句变为简单句时，其句型需要进行适当的变化。如：Itseemedthat+从句变为：Itseemedtodo句型。如：Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.—Theboysseemedtowin....findthatitis+形容词+todosth.变为：…findit+形容词+todosthIfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.—IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell....findthat+系表结构变为：…find+名词+形容词（作宾补）。如：Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.—Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.—Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.例题解析knowhe'sbeencuriousabouteverything,butthat's.Bepatient!第7页共7页A.whatdokidslikeB.whatkidslikeC.whatarekidslikeD.whatkidsarelike---Couldyoutellme?---Atarobotshop.B.whereMrJiangboughttherobotD.whydidMrJiangbuytherobotB.whereMrJiangboughttherobotD.whydidMrJiangbuytherobotC.whyMrJiangboughttherobot---Canyoutellme?Iwanttopayavisittohim.---Hejustlivesoppositeourschool.A.wheredoesJimlive B.wheredidJimliveC.whereJimlives D.whereJimlived.---Couldyoupleasetellme?---OK.IwillgotoBeijingnextweek.A.wherewillyougo B.howyouwillgotoBeijingC.whenyouwillgotoBeijing D.whywillyougotoBeijing.---Couldyoupleasetellmewhere?---Thebossiswaitingforhim.A.hasTomgoneB.Tomhasgone C.hasTombeenD.Tomhasbeen.---Whattimeshallweleavefortheairport?---It'sfoggytoday.I'mnotsurebeclosedsoon.Let'sgonow.A.whetherthehighwaywill B.whetherwillthehighwayC.whenthehighwaywill D.whenwillthehighway.---Couldyoutellme?---Sure.Walkstraightalongthisstreetandyou'llfindit.A.howcanIgettothepostoffice B.whereisthepostofficeC.whichisthewaytothepostoffice D.howfarthepostofficeis8.---Couldyoutellme?---Morethanayear.howsoonwillYangzhou-TaizhouAirportbebuilthowlonghasYangzhou-TaizhouAirp