2021年高考英语调研大一轮复习课时作业38Unit3InventorsandinventionsB卷

课时作业38InventorsandinventionsI.阅读理解（江西临川第二高三模拟）AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingCcirt.Theywillinalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwi11know-oreventhinktoask-whoitwasthatinventedthem.SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhowouldseeshopperslugginggroceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.OnJune4,1937,Goldman'sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn，twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren'tusinghiscarts.“Don'tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?”oneshopperreplied.ButGo1dmanwasn'tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswou1dbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假的）customers.AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplee一thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlargereasier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.Today*sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman*soriginalmodel.PerhapsthatisonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937-theingoftheshoppingcart.本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了购物车的发展史。购物车的发明者SylvanN.Goldman为了使购物简易化，也为了扩大生意，发明了购物车。而现在购物车也有了很大变化，更加适应顾客需求。Whatdotheunderlinedwordsuchrome-platedcontraptions”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Baskets.B.Privatecars.C.Suitcases.D.Shoppingcarts.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。由全文大意以及第一段内容和“shoppingcart”可知，画线处所在句句意为“他们的一生中将推购物车数英里”。WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman，sinvention?Itwastoprovehimtobeagoodinventor.Itwastoreducetheburdenofhisemployees1work.Itwastomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.Itwastohelpthedisabledmakeshoppingeasilyinhismarket.答案：C解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thewheeledbasketswou1dmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.“可知，SylvanN.Goldman是为了吸引顾客以及让购物简易化而发明带轮子的购物车。Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketinordertoattractpeopletobuythingsinhismarketencouragepeopletousehisshoppingcartsmakehismarketdifferentfromtheotherskeepthegroceriesfrombeingstolen答案：B解析：细节理解题。由第七段“ButGoldmanwasn'tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.”可知,SylvanN.Goldman是为了鼓励人们使用推车。Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Go1dmanwillbeeveryfamousbecauseofhisinvention.Goldman*sinventionwillberegardedasthegreatestoneintheworld.SupermarketbusinesshasbenefitedalotfromGoldman'sinvention.TherewillbenothingthatcanreplaceGoldman*sinvention.答案：C解析：推理判断题。最后一段"PerhapsthatisonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937-theingoftheshoppingcart.w意为随着购物车体积增大人们购物消费也变多了。推理可知购物车促进了商业发展。II.阅读填句（辽宁沈阳模拟）Mostcarshaveseatbeltsaspartoftheirequipment.Seatbeltsprotectdriversandpassengersincaseofaccidents.Theyalsoreducetheeffectofacrashonthebody.LWorldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.Arnericafirstrecognizedtheinventionofanautomobileseatbeltin1849.ThegovernmentgaveapatenttoanengineernamedEdwardClaghornofNewYorkCitysothatotherswouldnotcopyhisinventionofasafetydevice.?ThisearlyversionofScifetybeltwassaidtoincludehooksandotherattachmentsforsecuringthepersontoafixedobject.Otherinventorsfollowedwithdifferentversionsoftheseatbelt.3Itresultedfromthewoi'kofaSwedishengineer,NilsBohlin.Histhree-point,lapandshoulderseatbeltfirstappearedoncarsinEurope50yearsago.NilsBohlinrecognizedthatboththeupperandlowerbodyneededtobeheldsecurelyinplace.Hisinventioncontainedaclothstrap（带子）thatwasplacedacrossthechestandanotherstrapacrossthehips.1Volvowasthefirstpanytoofferthemodernseatbelttoitscars.ThispanyalsoprovideduseofNilsBohlin*sdesigntoothercarmakers.§HereceivedagoldmedalfromtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofEngineeringSciencesin1995.HediedinSwedenin2002.Thedesignjoinedthestrapsnexttothehip.Claghorncalledhisinventionasafetybelt.TheSwedishengineerwonmanyhonorsforhisseatbelt.I）.Claghornwasapromisingyoungengineerwithmanyhonorsal1his1ife.Butmorethan100yearspassedbeforethecurrentseatbeltwasdeveloped.SafetyexpertssaythatseatboltssavethousandsoflivesayearinAmericaalone.TherearemanypaniesadoptingNilsBohlin*sinventionoftheseatbelt..巳解析：根据后面的wWorldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.（安全带挽救了世界上一百多万人的生命）”可知，此处先说安全带在美国的作用，再说安全带在全世界的作用。故F项符合语境。.殳解析：前面一句“ThegovernmentgaveapatenttoanengineernamedEdwardClaghornofNewYorkCitysothatotherswouldnotcopyhisinventionofasafetydevice.M交代这项安全装置的发明者申请了专利，接下来应该是发明者对该发明的命名。B项符合语境。.支解析：根据前一句“Otherinventorsfollowedwithdifferentversionsoftheseatbelt.”可知其他的发明者发明出不同款式的安全带，接着应该叙述现在的安全带的样式是如何形成的。故E项符合上下文。.忆解析：从本段的第一句可知NilsBohlin认为身体的上端和下端都需要安全地固定在某个地方；所以接下来的两句描述他的发明是如何做到这一点的。故A项衔接上一句。.Q解析：根据下一句"HereceivedagoldmedalfromtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofEngineeringSciencesin1995.”可知安全带的发明者获得了很多荣誉,故C项为本段的主题句。HL语法填空（山东青岛质量检测）Iworkedforalargepanyandonedayaspartofateambuildingexercise,eachleaderdescribedwhotheirherowasandwhy.Aswewentaroundtheroom,wgheardaboutI(lead)ofgreatpowers,CEOs,billionaires,politicians,cindmoviestars.Whentheycame2(gain)myfeedback,atfirstIwasalittle3(embarrass).Yousee,myherois480-year-oldshoeshineman!Youaskwhy.Onedaywhilehe§(shine)myshoes,Iaskedhimsomequestionsabouthislife.Idiscoveredthatthispersonhadputeverysingleoneofhischildrenthroughcollegeonhisshoeshinewageanddecidedtogivethemag(good)lifethanhehad.Iwas工(total)blownawaythatthispersonhaddevotedhisentireexistencetohischildrenandwassti11shiningshoesafter50yearsofdoingso.MrJohnsonhadsuchahappyandwonderfulspiritinsidehim8hetouchedeverysingleclient.BesuretowishI9trackdownthisamazingpersontotellhimheismyhero.Bynowhewouldlikelybe95yearsoldormore.Whatan10(inspire)personheisandhasbeen!本文是•篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的偶像位普通的擦鞋老人，以及他是如何成为自己的偶像的故事。leaders解析:考查名词复数。根据下文的“CEOs,billionaires,politicians,andmoviestars”可知，此处应为名词的复数形式。t。gain解析:考查不定式。不定式在这里作目的状语。emba门、asscd解析:考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语。embarrassed"困窘的，不好意思的”。晅解析：考查不定冠词。此处表泛指，且80-year-old以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词anowasshining解析:考查谓语动词。分析语境可知，此处应用过去进行时态，表示过去正在进行的某一动作。bettor解析:考查形容词比较级。根据下文的“thanhehad”可知，此处用比较级better0totally解析:考查副词。此处副词修饰动词。that解析:考查连词。分析句子可知，该句考查“such...that...”这个结构。could解析:考查情态动词。分析句子可知，此处用could表示“过去的能力”，符合语境。inspiring解析:考查动词-ing形式。inspiring修饰person,意思是“鼓舞人心的”。IV.短文改错(四川成都开发区实验检测)WhenJackbowedtosomeone,healwaysdiditmuchtooquickly.Theyneedn,ttowaitanylongerafterhefinishednoddinghishead.Sohewasblamedforbadmanner.Thenawarm-heartedmanteacheshim,“Whenyoubowtosomebodynexttime,youcancounttheJanuary,February,March,unti1December.Thenyoucanliftyourbody.Thus,theceremonywi11almostperfect.wThenextday,hemethisuncle,buthedidasthemantoldhim.Thebowwastoolongthatitmadehisuncleescapesoonwithasurprisinglook.WhenJeicklookeddown,hefoundhisunclegone.Soheaskedapasser-by,“Inwhichmonthdidshegoaway?”答案与解析WhenJackbowedtosomeone,healwaysdiditmuchtooquickly.Theyneedn't配waitanylongerafterhefinishednoddinghishead.Sohewasblamedforbadmanner.Thenawarm-heartedmanteacheshim,“Whenyoubowtosomebodynexttime,nannerstaughtyoucancounttheJanuary,February,March,untilDecember.Thenyoucanliftyourbody.Thus,theceremonywi11Aalmostperfect."Thenextday,hemethisuncle,bebuthedidasthemantoldhim.Thebowwastoolongthatitmadehisuncleescapeandsosoonwithasurprisinglook.WhenJacklookeddown,hefoundhisunclegone.Soxurprixedupheaskedapasser-by,“Inwhichmonthdidshegoaway?”he去掉to考查情态动词。此处用了needn't,表明need用作情态动词，情态动词后接动词原形，去掉to。manner-*manners考查名词单复数的用法。manner意为“态度、礼貌”时用复数形式。teaches-taught考查时态。本文讲述的是过去发生的事情，热心人是“过去”教他，故谓语动词用过去时。去掉th。考查冠词。月份的前面不需要定冠词，去掉the。will后加be考查句子结构。引号中的话为直接引语，will为助动词，perfect为形容词，需要补充be动词，构成将来时的“主系表”结构。but-*and考查连词。”...hemethisuncle"和"hedidas...”