【语法讲解】高中英语强调句型专题讲解

英语强调句一、强调句的基本结构及用法强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是…”等字眼。其基本结构是：It+be的适当形式+被强调成分+that（who）+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.—Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.（强调主语he）—Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.（强调宾语thebook）—Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.（强调地点状语inthisshop）【注意】.在该强调结构中，It无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。Itis（was）…that（who）…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。.关于that与who：当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时）代替that；当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用whoItwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout.当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用when/where/why代that（尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时）。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.until B.that C.when D.soItwasinQingdaoIsawtheseaforthefirsttime.A.what B.that C.when D.whichItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。Itwasfromhim,hischemistryteacher,thatPaullearnedtowatchcarefullyinclass.3.关于be的适当形式：在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。①如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等），就用is。Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it②如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等），就用was。例如：Itwasbetween1989and1999greatchangestookplaceinourhometown.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.because③也可以根据需要用Itmay/might/mustbe…that/who…；ItmusthaveWherethereisawill,thereisaway.been…that/who…如ItmightbeSallythatyouarethinkingof.Itmightbeinthemorningthathebrokeintothehouse.Itmightbehisfatherthatyouarelookingfor.ItmustbeJohnthat/whowilltakepartinthecontestonbehalfourclass.Itmusthavebeenhertwinsisterthatyousaw.ItPeterwhohasletthissecretoutbecauseIonlytoldhimthenews.A.canbeB.shouldbeC.mightbeD.mustbeItmusthavebeenhisbrotherthatyoumet.4.关于被强调成分。在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语或宾语（名词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状语从句或者because引导原因状语从句）等，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或名词充当）、although引导的让步状语从句、for、since,as引导的原因状语从句、if条件状语等。如：强调主语、宾语。例1.Itisthesepoisonousproductscancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.（NMET03）A.whoB.thatC.howD.what例2.Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguagesattractedtheaudience,sinterest.（上海2000春）A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich强调主语从句howtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguageso例3.Itwastheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.（NMET2000）A.oneB.thatC.whatD.itWherethereisawill,thereisaway.强调状语Itwasatthegateofourschoolthatwegavethevisitorsawarmwelcome.（强调地点状语）Itwaswithgreatjoythathereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.（强调程度状语）ItisbybusthatMaryusuallygoestoschool.（强调方式状语）ItwasthreeyearsagothatIcametothisschool.（强调时间状语）Itiswhenhegotbackthatheknewwhathadhappened.（强调时间状语）Itwasbecausehelovedmymoneythathemarriedme.（强调原因状语）注意：a.强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that,不能用when,where,why或how。如：Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.（NMET'97）A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.whenItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.（2003上海春季）A.soB.sothatC.whyD.thatItwaswheretherehadbeenatheatretheybuiltanewmodernschool.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.sob.使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。比较下面的句子：Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.（强调句型）Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.（when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间）Itwasat3o'clockthattheycameback.(强调句型)Itwas3o'clockwhentheycameback.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间）Itisforthreehoursthattheyhavebeenback.(强调句型)Itwasthreehoursbeforetheycameback.(before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间）Itisthreehourssincetheycameback.(since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间）再如：Itwasrainingwhentheycameback.ItistruethatheoncewenttoCanada.ItisasurprisethatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.c.强调部分为介词短语：强调部分为介词短语时，①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项。②表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别。ItwasthroughJackMarygottoknowBob.A.whoB.whomC.howD.thatItwascgreatcarethattheydidthejob.A.forB.aboutC.withD.inItwasonOctober1st1949newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.thatWasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhich C.inwhereD.whichWherethereisawill,thereisaway.d.特别提示：对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不能使用倒装语序.Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.（湖北04）notuntilmidnightdidhegountilmidnightthathedidn,tgonotuntilmidnightthathewentuntilmidnightwhenhedidn,tgo.关于主谓一致：在强调句型中，被强调部分是原句型的主语时，其形式必须与谓语动词的人称和数保持一致。Itisyourfatherthatiswrongthistime.ItisheandhisparentsthathavecometoChina..人称对照：在强调句型中，如强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。Itistheywhowillattendthemedicalconference.ItwasherthatIsawinthestreetjustnow.【误】ItisIwho/thatisgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【正】ItisIwho/thatamgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【误】Itwasherthattoldmeaboutit.【正】Itwasshethattoldmeaboutit.【误】ItisIwhotheteacherhaspunished.【正】Itismewhomtheteacherhaspunished.二、特殊形式的强调句结构1.强调句的否定、疑问句形式以及感叹句形式。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.强调句型的否定形式、一般疑问句形式、特殊疑问句形式、感叹句形式以及反意疑问句形式：①否定形式：ItwasnotinEnglandthatOlympicCompetitionsfirststarted.②一般疑问句形式：Was/Isit+被强调部分+that+其他成分？Isthegirlinredwhoisyoursister?例1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then例2.---Wasn,titDr.Wangwhospoketoyoujustnow?---.(上海96)A.Ididn,tknowhewasB.Yes,itwasC.No,hewasn,tD.Yes,hedid解析:此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能:“Yes,itwas”或“No,itwasn't"，故选B.③特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+was/Isit+被强调部分+that+其他成分？Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?Whowasitthattoldyouthenews？WhenwasitthathefirstcametoChina?Wherewasitthatyoumether?Howwasitthathesolvedtheproblem?事实上，强调句型的特殊疑问句就是就陈述句中的被强调部分进行提问变化而来的。也就是强调部分为疑问词。当含有特殊疑问词的强调句型用在宾语从句中的时候，句型应改为‘特殊疑问词+itwas(is)that+陈述句”，即采用陈述句语序。(1)——wherewasittheroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.—Infrontofthemarket.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.howIreallydon,tknowyoureturnedthebooktome.A.whenitwasthatB.whenwasitC.whenwasitthatD.whenitwas强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：疑问词+一般疑问句”例1.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess（承认坦白）。youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat解析：此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列。What引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中充当say的宾语。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句，被强调部分是what。故选A例2.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn,tmatterIammakingto（广东04）AwhoisitBwhoitisCitiswhoDitiswhom解析:.who引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作介词to的宾语（应用宾格whom,但在通常情况下，也可以用who代替whom）。并且，whoitis（that）Iammakingto（此处省略了that）为强调句型。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句。被强调部分是who。故选B④感叹句形式：What/How加上感叹部分+itwas/is+that+其他成分！Whatawonderfultimeitwasthatwehadattheparty!HowgoodastudentitisthatIhave!⑤反意疑问句形式：强调句型的反意疑问句，后半部分的附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一致。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.ItwasatelevenlastnightthatIknewthegoodnews,wasn,tit?⑥强调句型的回答也应该使用强调句式。Wasityouthattoldhimaboutit?---Yes,itwas.2.固定句型：①not...until句型变为强调句型时，如要强调until从句时，要把not放到until前，一起强调，主句由否定句改为肯定句。其基本形式为Itis(was)notuntil+时间状语(短语或者从句)…that…。比较：。Hedidn,tcomeuntilsixo'clock.—Itwasnotuntilsixo,clockthathecame.Theydidn'tstartuntiltherainstopped.—Itwasnotuntiltherainstoppedthattheystarted.注意"not...until"句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：Shedidn'trememberherappointmentwiththedoctoruntilshehadarrivedhome.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomethatsherememberedherappointmentwiththedoctor.Notuntilshehadarrivedhomedidsherememberherappointmentwiththedoctor②Itwasbecause-clause(because。£+名词)+出&1…Itwasbecauseofhiscarelessness(becausehewascareless)thathelosthisjob.③Itwas+介词+时间名词++that…Itwasat7:00a.m.thattheplanetookoff.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

三、强调句型与定语从句以及与主语从句等的辨析强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句等相关句型混淆.引导定语从句的引导词that或者who,在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，不可以去掉;that或者who引导主语从句时，that无任何含义也不充当任何成分但也不可以省略，who引导主语从句并且在主语从句中充当主语也不可以省略。并且，that或者who引导的主语从句经常置于句后，而在主语位置使用形式主语It。而强调句型中的Itis（was）…that（w为）…结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整。这一点正是区分强调句型和定语从句以及主语从句的关键所在。a.与定语从句的辨析ItwasinthelabthatwassetupbyMr.Smiththattheyfinishedtheexperiment.（划线部分为定语从句）ItwashewhocamefromHunanthatwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.（划线部分为定语从句）b.与名词性从句的辨析Itistruethatheoncewasateacher.（划线部分为主语从句）Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what（What引导主语从句）c.与therebe句型的辨析isnopossibilityBobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whetherA-10-本题为therebe句型,而非强调句型。that引导的为同位语从句，作possibility的同位语。-10-Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

四、错误判断强调句的两种情况.将非强调句判为强调句。易混句型1：Itbe+段时间+since…咱从……以来”该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态，since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。例.Thatwasreallyasplendid（灿烂的辉煌的）evening.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.（安徽05）A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since易混句型2：Itbe+点时间+when…"当 的时候，是 "该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。例.一DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto,clockhearrivedhome.（福建05）A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until易混句型3：Itbe+段时间+before…“多久之后才……”、"不久……就……”该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表语多是long,notlong,days,weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。例.---HowlongdoyouthinkitwillbeChinasendsamanmadespaceshiptothemoon?---Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before-11-比较：-11-Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Itwasatteno,clockt