2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破

2019年高考英语阅读理解专题突破（名师精选试题+解析答案，建议下载练习）专题1-主旨大意（一）A（2017年重庆一模）ThefirstpotatoesweregrownbytheIncasofSouthAmerica,morethan400yearsago.Theirdescendants（后代）inEcuadorandChilecontinuetogrowthevegetableashighas14，000feetupintheAndesMountains.（That'shigherthananyotherfoodwillgrow.）EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.Peopleeatpotatoesinmanyways—baked,mashed,androasted，tonamejustthree.However，intheUnitedStatesmostpotatoesareeatenintheformofFrenchfries.Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.Beforeanyfrymakesittothepeoplewhoeatatthesepopularrestaurants，itmustpassmanyseparatetests.Failanyoneofthesetestsandthepotatoisrejected.Tostartwith,onlyRussetBurbankpotatoesareused.TheseIdahopotatoeshavelesswatercontentthanotherkinds,whichcanhaveasmuchas80percentwater.Oncecutinto“shoestrings”shapes，thepotatoesarepartlyfriedinasecretblendofoils,sprayedwithliquidsugartobrownthem,steamdriedathighheat,thenflashfrozenforshipmenttoindividualrestaurants.Beforeshipping，everyshoestringismeasured.Fortypercentofabatchmustbebetweentwoandthreeincheslong.Another40percenthastobeoverthreeinches.Whataboutthe20percentthatareleftinthebatch?Well，afewshortfriesinabagareokay，itseems.So,nowthatyourealizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop,youcanunderstandwhymostpeopleagreethatthispartofthefoodindustryisno“smallpotatoes”．【语篇解读】本文介绍了土豆被引进美国的历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中举足轻重的地位。1．PotatoesinNorthAmericacamedirectlyfrom ．A．ChileB．EuropeC．EcuadorD．theAndesMountainsB［考查细节理解。根据文中第一段最后一句"EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.”可知，北美最早的土豆来自欧洲。故选B项。］2．Whydoesthecompanypayspecialattentiontothewaythefriesareprepared?A．Becausesellingfriesisabigbusiness.B．Becausefriesarenoteasytoprepareatall.C．BecauseAmericansareparticularaboutfries.D．Becausethegovernmenthasastrictruleforthat.A［考查推理判断。根据第二段的“Onefast-foodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder，then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared”可知，在美国，炸薯条是个很大的行业，所以会被特殊关注。故选A项。］3．Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay ．A．smallpotatoescannotbeusedforfriesB．potatoesarereallyimportantforAmericansC．eatinginAmericaistheveryfirstthingD．friesarereallyimportantforfoodindustryD［考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的内容“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes’”可知，在美国，炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”（无足轻重的东西），由此可推测，炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。故选D项。］［干扰项分析］本题学生易误选B项，本文首先介绍了土豆被引入美国，且炸薯条带来了强大商业利润，但在最后一段中，根据关键信息“realizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop”及“thispartofthefoodindustryisno'smallpotatoes’.”可知，本段重点强调炸薯条在食品产业中的重要地位，而不是土豆对美国人的重要性，故排除B项。4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.TheaverageAmericaneats50poundsofpotatoesayear.B.Frenchfriesaremadefrompotatoes.C.PotatoesareakeyvegetableinAmerica.D.Thevarioustermsforpotatoeshavealonghistory.C［考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知，在美国，土豆可以有多种吃法，尤其是炸薯条，深受人们的欢迎，也因此带来了强大的商业利润，在食品产业中占有重要地位。因此，本文的主旨是，在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。故选C项。］B（2017年湖南长郡中学模拟）Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife，butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage，buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners，butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand，alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriver，whosemannersarefaultless，toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately，moderndriverscan'tevenlearntodrive，letalonemastertheroadmanship（公路驾车技能）.Yearsago,expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-take（互谅互让）fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.【语篇解读】随着车辆的增多，很多司机都有可怕的路怒症，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。专家们呼吁，司机应该互谅互让，将文明驾驶牢记在心。1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout ．A．trafficjams B．goodmannersC．roadpoliteness D．moderndriversC［考查主旨大意。根据文章第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.及第三段第一句However，misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.可知，本文主要围绕道路文明礼貌行为展开论述。故选C项。］2．Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby ．A．trafficjamsB．thebehaviorofthedriversC．thegreatspeedofmodernlifeD．terribleroadconditionsB［考查推理判断。根据文章第一段第二句Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.可知，大家都知道，平时非常绅士的人在开车的时候也会变成一只猛虎。再根据文中对道路上司机们的种种行为的描述可判断，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为引起的。故选B项。］3．Accordingtothewriter，agooddrivershould ．A．encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywanttoB．beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedrivingC．beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesitD．joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeelC［考查细节理解。根据文章第二段最后一句Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.可知，在看到礼貌行为时，一个好司机应当能够对此有所认知。故选C项。］4．Itisnotalwaysrightfordriversto ．A．mastertheroadmanshipB．neglectpolitenesswhentheyseeitC．giveafriendlynodinanswertoanactofpolitenessD．encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheywanttoD［考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.可知，给老人让路，让他们随意过马路的礼貌行为是不对的。故选D项。］C（2017年云南高三年级11校跨区调研考试）Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings.Thelong，thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate（振动）.Theymovebackandforth,orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft，naturally-madesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar，aspidercansendoutvibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies（频率）.Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat.Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourship（求爱），solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey'reamale,butthey'retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirself-madematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.【语篇解读】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。1．Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?A．Throughitssenseofsight.B．Throughvibrationsofitsweb.C．Throughdifferentfrequencies.D．Throughamusicalpattern.B［考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网了。故选B项。］2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Insects. B．Strings.C．Spiders. D．Vibrations.A［考查代词指代。根据第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood，usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements，whichspreadacrosstheirwebs”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。］3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.B．Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.C．Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.D．Thetightnessofsilkcan'tbeadjustedonceit'smade.C［考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial，theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。］［干扰项分析］根据第一段的第一句"Spider（蜘蛛）webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings”可知，蛛网和吉他弦有一些共同之处，故排除A。根据第三段的“solotsofmaleswillactually...they'reamale”可排除B。根据第四段的“Bhemiddleoftheweb”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的紧密度，它们可以有效地调整蛛网的属性，故可排除D项。4．Thetextmainlytellsreaders ．A．guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilarB．spiderwebshavevariousfunctionsC．spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsectsD．vibrationsarevitalinaspider'slifeD［考查主旨大意。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat”可知，D项正确。］D（2018・贵阳市摸底考试）It'sgoodtomakemistakes，andhereiswhy.Firstofall，mistakesareaclearsignthatwearetryingnewthings.It'salwaysgoodtotrynewthingsbecausewhenwearetryingnewthings，wearegrowing.Ifwenevertryanythingnew，howcanweimprove？Thesimpleansweris，“Wecan't”．Anothergoodthingaboutmistakesisthatwhenwearemakingthem，wearelearning.Considerthis—Edisonfailed10,000timesbeforeheperfectedthelightbulb.Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes，hesaidthathehadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn'twork.Whenwemakeamistake，wearemuchclosertosuccess.Becauseeverytimewemakeamistake，weeliminateoneofthethingsthatkeepusfromsuccess.Butallthisdoesn'tmeanthatweshouldgothroughlifewithoutconsideringtheconsequencesofamistake.Instead，whenwetrysomethingnew，wehavetobewillingtosetsomereasonablelimitssothatintheeventthatitdoesn'tworkoutthewaywewantitto，wewillbeinapositiontotryagain.Weallhavelimitedresources—intheformoftimeandmoney—soweshouldn'tblowthemallononeapproachtoaproblem.It'sbestthatwerealizeitprobablywon'tbeperfectforthefirsttimeandallocatetheseresourcesappropriatelysowecanlearn，makecorrections，andtryagain.Onlybyacceptingandusingourmistakesinthiswaycanwemakesignificantadvancesinourlives.Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes，“Ifyou'renotmakingmistakes，you'renottryinghardenough”．Sogoforthandmakemistakes.1．Whichcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“eliminate”inParagraph4?A．makeupforB．getridofC．acceptD．expect2．Whatdoweknowfromthefifthparagraph?A．Weshouldignorethepossibleconsequences.B．Weshouldaccepttheoutcomewillingly.C．Weshouldmakesomelimitsforournexttry.D．Weshouldavoidmakingthesamemistakes.3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Dealingwithmistakes.B．Makingmistakes.C．Makingprogress.D．Benefitingfrommistakes.4．Whatmaythewritersuggestwesaytoourselveswhenmakingamistake?A．Nevermind，Itriedmybest.B．Great！NowIhavelearnedsomething.C．Thisisawasteoftime.D．Lookatthismess.Ishouldjustgiveup.【解题导语】本文主要介绍犯错的一些好处以及利用错误获得成功的策略。【难句分析】Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes,hesaidthathehadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn'twork.分析：本句是一一个复合句。Whenaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes是「一个省略句，当主句与从句主语一致，并且从句中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略，从句补充完整应该是：Whenhewasaskedhowitfelttofailthatmanytimes；第一个that为副词，意为“那么”；第二个that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作句子成分；第三个that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词10,000things。译文：当被问及失败那么多次的感受时，他说他已经知道了一万种不适合（作灯泡）的东西。B考查词义猜测。根据第四段第一句"Whenwemakeamistake,wearemuchclosertosuccess”并结合对画线词所在句的理解可知，当犯错误时，我们就除去了一些阻碍成功的因素。由此可推知，eliminate与getridof意思相近，意为“除去”，故选B。C考查细节理解。根据第五段第二句"Instead,whenwetrysomethingnew,wehavetobewillingtosetsomereasonablelimits”可知，我们应该为下一次尝试设置一些合理的限度，故选C。A项和B项与第五段第一句"Butallthisdoesn'tmeanthatweshouldgothroughlifewithoutconsideringtheconsequencesofamistake”不符；D项错在我们应该避免犯同样的错误,文章中并没有明确提到,故排除。D考查主旨大意。根据文章第一段"It'sgoodtomakemistakes,andhereis亚卜丫”的开篇点题,并结合对全文的整体理解可知,本文主要讲述犯错误的一些好处,以及利用这些错误获得成功的策略，故选D。B考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“Anothergoodthingaboutmistakesisthatwhenwearemakingthem,wearelearning”可推知，当犯错误时，我们要意识到我们也是在学习，从而更接近成功；本段中爱迪生改进灯泡的例证也告诉我们，当我们犯错时，我们可以告诉自己：“很好！现在我学到了一些东西”，故选B。E（2017・湖南十三校第一次联考）Withfastfoodandconvenienceatourfingertipsoneverycornerandateveryturn,itisbecomingincreasinglyhardtostayinshape.Stayinghealthyhasbeenmoreandmoredifficultformanyofthecommonpeople.Toopposethiswewouldliketoarmyouwithfourwaysofstayinghealthyandfeelinggreat.Youreallyarewhatyoueat.It'strue,andthere'snowayaroundit.Youcan'tbesittingtherestaringatthatplateoffriedchicken,hopingthatyouwillfeelamazedlaterintheday.Wehavetobeinrealityaboutwhatweeat.Ifweareputtingdeadandfriedfoodinourbellies,whatisgoingtocomeoutisexhaustedenergyandillness.Enjoythesun.Enjoythesunshine,orthewindorcoldforthatmatter.Inotherwords,getoutside.Takeawalk.Doiteverysingleday.Youdon'thavetobedoingintenseandheavyrunsdayinanddayout,butyoudoneedtobemoving.Yousee,ahealthymetabolism（新陈代谢）willonlycomefromanactivelifestyle.Thosewhohaveasedentaryliving,sittinginofficechairsorhardlymoving,willhavebodiesadaptedtothatlifestyle.Butifyourbodythinksthatitneedstoburn,thenitwillgetinthehabitofburning.Shoparoundtheoutsideofthegrocerystore.Thisisbecomingmoreandmoreofapopularsayingamonghealth-foodadvocates.Theinnerpassagesarefarmorelikelytobefilledwithpreservatives（防腐剂）andchemicalstokeepthoseboxedandpackagedfoodsfreshforlongperiodsoftime.Yeteatingfreshfruits,vegetables,unprocessedmeatsandsoforthwillkeepnutrient-densefoodsgoingthroughyourbody.Themorelivingitemsyouconsume,themorehelptheywillbeabletobetoyourimmunesystemandyourtotalbodyhealth.Water.Yes,simplyandwithoutend,water.Youneedthisforeverysinglefunctionthatyourbodyperforms.Whenyougetupinthemorning,beforeyouputanythingelseonyourtongue,drinkaquartortwo.Builduptheamountyouconsumeeachday.Anoptionforwaterinsteadofotherpick-me-ups.Daybydayyourbodywillrealizethatyouaregoingtobemorethoroughlyhydrating,anditwillkeepyoufeelinghealthyasyoucanbe.【语篇解读】随着触手可及的快餐以及便捷舒适的生活方式越来越普及，现在的人们想保持身材已并非易事；对于大多数普通人来说，保持健康也变得愈加困难，本文就如何保持健康给出了一些建议。1．Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakesitdifficulttokeephealthy?A．Peoplearetoobusytotakeexercise.B．Ourlifebecomesmoreandmoreconvenient.C．Peopleareusedtolivingalazylife.D．Thestoresarearoundourhouses.B［考查推理判断。根据第一段第一、二句"Withfastfoodandconvenienceatourfingertipsoneverycorner...itisbecomingincreasinglyhardtostayinshape.Stayinghealthyhasbeenmoreandmoredifficult...”可知，由于人们生活中的便利舒适越来越多，减少了活动量，从而导致健康水平也在下降。故选B项。］2．Whenisthebesttimetodrinkwater?A．Aftergettingupinthemorning.B．Afterfinishingyourlunch.C．Beforegoingtobed.D．Afterbreakfast.A［考查细节理解。根据Water部分的“Whenyougetupinthemorning,beforeyouputanythingelseonyourtongue，drinkaquartortwo.”可知，最好在早上起床后喝水。故选A项。］3．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WearewhatweeatB．TipsforstayinghealthyC．It'sbettertoshoparoundD．WaterisveryimportantforourbodyB［考查主旨大意。根据第一段最后一句以及下文中的几点建议可知，本文是针对如何保持健康给出的几条建议。故选B项。］专题1-主旨大意（二）A（2017•湖北武汉武昌区高三年级调研考试）IfeltlikeIhadclickedmyheelsthreetimesandcometoacountryawayfromhomeeverymorningasIwalkedthroughthedoorsattheEmbassyofAustraliainWashington.MusicalAussieaccentsandAboriginalartexhibitsmademewonderifIhadenteredwithoutavisa.InfactIwasatemporaryemployee,apublicaffairsunpaidintern（实习生）forthreemonthsduringthesummerinordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring.DuringthesummerIreadtheAustraliannewseveryday.WorkingattheembassyallowedmetoescapetheU．S.forsixhoursperdayandlearnaboutwhatwasgoingonacrosstheplanet.AfterreadingthedailyAustralianandU．S.newsIusuallyhelpedprepareaPowerPointpresentationforschoolkidswhovisitedtheembassyaspartofaschoolactivity.Dependingonwhetheranembassyeventwasgoingon,IwouldattendweeklymeetingstolistentoplanningandseewhatIcoulddotohelp.Usuallythereweresmallertaskstobedonesuchascreatingvisitors'guides.ThemostfantasticeventinwhichIparticipatedwasthevisitoftheAustralianPrimeMinister.AstheonlyAmericanamongcountlessAustralianmediaandstaff,IfeltcomfortableandwaskeptbusytakingpicturesandrecordingdoorstopinterviewsatfamoussitessuchastheCapitol.Asanintern,youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformation,butyouareontheinsidewhenitcomestospecialevents.Governmentworkisausefuladditiontoone'sexperience.Asanembassyemployeeyouwillgaininvaluableknowledgewhilespendingyoursummerinaculturallydiverseworkplace.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了要到澳大利亚学习提前在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。1．Whatistheauthortalkingabout?A．Herembassyinternship.B．Hertroubleinfindingajob.C．Herforeigncultureexperience.D．Herpreparationforfutureemployment.A［考查主旨大意。根据全文大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。］2．WhywastheauthorintheEmbassyofAustraliaforthreemonths?A．Toapplyforavisa.B．TopreparetostudyinAustralia.C．TorecordmusicalAussieaccents.D．ToappreciateAboriginalartexhibits.B［考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句中的“inordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring”可知，作者实习的原因是让自己融入澳大利亚的文化中，因为明年春天她要去那里学习，故答案为B。］3．WhatwastheauthorforbiddentodowhentheAustralianPrimeMinistervisitedAmerica?A．Recorddoorstopinterviews.B．Knowtop-secretinformation.C．Takepicturesofspecialevents.D．StandamongtheAustralianstaff.B［考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformation”可知，实习生不会接触到绝密信息，故选B。］4．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sdailyroutineattheEmbassy?A．Itistiring. B．Itisboring.C．Itisexciting. D．Itisrelaxing.C［考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句中的“Themostfantasticevent”以及最后一段中的“ausefuladdition”和“gaininvaluableknowledge”可知，作者对这次经历的描述是非常积极和正面的，因此可以推断出，在大使馆工作是令作者兴奋的。］B（2017•长春七校第一次联考）ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage：“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones，butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well，thatisnottrue.Unkindwords，name-callingoreventheso-called“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit，sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal（言语的）abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalschoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults，aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So，unkind，hurtfulcommentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear，depression，angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren，buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。1．Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?A．Toshowthepowerofwords.B．Tointroduceanoppositeview.C．Toprovetheauthor'sargument.D．Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.B［考查作者意图。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,name-callingoreventheso-called‘thesilenttreatment’canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit，sometimesevenmoreso”可知，本文弓［用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。］2．Whatdidthesubjectshaveincommon?A．Theywerehurtbyunkindwords.B．Theyperformedpoorlyinimagingtests.C．Theyhadtheirbrainslightlydamaged.D．Theyexperiencednophysicalabuseathome.D［考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents”可知，这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待,也就是说,他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待。故选D。］［干扰项分析］部分学生会误选A项，原因在于学生看到了第三段中的“reportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschool”而误认为所有的实验对象都遭受过语言暴力，但是根据前面的“thepeoplewho”可知，并非所有实验对象都遭受过语言暴力。3．Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A．Commentsonthefindings.B．Approachestofurtherstudies.C．Suggestionstoparents.D．Differentopinionsonthematter.C［考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren，buttheycanpreparetheirchildren”可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。］4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thewaywespeakmatters.B．Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.C．Unkindwordshurtthebrain.D．Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.C［考查主旨要义。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据文中的“verbal（言语的）abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出，其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。］CForyears，IthoughtthatmymotherwouldbecomeaCentenarian（百岁老人），butafter98yearsandeightmonths，sherecentlydiedofoldage.Asitwaswithmyfather，herfuneraltookplaceinthemostpeacefulsettingofthecountrysideofruralWashingtonCounty.Evenaftermyfatherdied，wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone．Theywereateaminthetraditionalsense.Churchandfamilyweretheirlifelines.Theyworkedhard，nevercomplaining.Theyexpectedtoearntheirdailybreadbythesweatoftheirbrow.OnceduringaconversationwithTomBrokaw，whowrotethebest-sellingbookTheGreatestGeneration，Itoldhim，“Youleftoutmyparents.”Theydidn'tgoofftowar，buttheybelongedtotheGreatestGeneration.They，too，werepartofthefoundationthatmadeAmericatrulygreat.Theykeptthehomefiresburning.Ourmothergloriedinbeingahousewifeandmother.Havingbeenateacherinherearlyadultyears，wheneducationwasmoreimportantthananythingelse，shegaveupherjobtoraiseafamily.Shewasanexcellentcook，butshehadtocookonawoodstove.Therewasnorefrigerator，nothingelectric.Butnobodywaseverbetteratmakingdo.Inadditiontoallthehouseholdchoresandresponsibilities，shewenttothefieldseverydaytohelpproduceacroptopaytherentandtoprovideforthefamily.Sheandmydadworkedhardtosaveeverypennypossible.Theysavedeverypennytobuyafarmlateinlife.Theyalsosavedenoughmoneytoliveouttheirrespectiveliveswithhomecarewithouttakingupresidencyinanursinghome.Theywerefiercelyindependent.Ifyouhadsuggestedtheyacceptagovernmenttransferpayment，theywouldhavespitinyoureye..Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．MotherplayedagreatpartinthefamilyB．Motherdiedattheageof98yearsoldC．MotherwasburiedbythesideoffatherD．Mothersurvivedfatherbymanyyears2.Theunderlinedpart“one”inthefirstparagraphmeans ．A．parent B．centenarianC．hero D．entirety3．WhatdoweknowaboutTomBrokaw?A．Heisoneoftheauthor'sparents'friends.B．Helikestalkingwiththeauthor'sparents.C．Hetakesupapositionasawriter.D．Heisgoodatmanagingahome.4．Howdoestheauthorfindhisparents?A．Braveandhardworking.B．Modestandwarmhearted.C．Economicalandindependent.D．Respectiveandsatisfied.【解析】【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，属于人生百味类短文阅读。母亲像众多的家庭妇女一样，为了家人的健康和生活无怨无悔地辛苦了一生，和父亲一起为了这个家奉献了一生。.解析：选人。主旨大意题。作者从母亲的离世谈起，谈到母亲为了家人，放弃了自己喜欢的工作，为了家人无怨无悔地奉献了一生。故选A。.解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Evenaftermyfatherdied，wecontinuedtothinkofourparentsasone.”可知，家人总是把父母看作是一个整体。故选D。.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段TomBrokaw写的书TheGreatestGeneration很畅销，可知他是一名作家。故选C。.解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在作者眼中他的父母节约每一分钱过生活，不喜欢接受他人的施舍。故选C。DLifeaffectsfriendships.Aswegrow,marry,fightinwars,moveacrossthecountryorchangejobs,oldfriendshipsfallawayandnewonesform.Aslongaswelive,thethingsarounduschange,andaslongasthingschange,friendshipsareaffected.Whenwewerechildrenwehadbestfriends.Nomatterwhathappenedwewerestillfriends.Weliveourlives,however,anddowhatlifecallsforustodo,andaswegetolder,memoriesfade,facesblur,andevenfriends'namesfromchildhoodareforgotten.Doyouhaveaquestionaboutfriendship?Doyouwonderwhattodowithafriendwhoisnolongerfriendly?Perhapsyouwillseethatyoucan'tcontrolothers.Ifsomeonewantstobeyourfriend,itistheirchoice.Allyoucandoistreatthemwellanddothebestforthemwhenyouarewiththem.Thenyouwishthemwellwhentheyleave.Youcantalktooldtimersandtheywilltellyouthatlifeisfullofincrediblejoyandincrediblesorrow,andthatwhatbothersyoutodaywillonedaybecomesamemoryandthesting（痛苦）willbegone.Seniorsmighttellyouthatyouwilllearnmoreasyougetolder.Theywilltellyouthatfriendshipscomeandfriendshipsgo.Sometimeswhentheygoitwillhurt,butyouwillbeokaywithit.It'sthewaylifeworks,afterall..Whatcanwelearnaboutfriendship,accordingtothetext?A.Friendshipcannotbeeasilyaffectedbyone'sfamily.B.Friendsarealwaysaroundusan