飞行中人的因素专业词汇总结

人因专业词汇（以内容划分）所属部分英文中文备注10.1.1飞行环境对人的影响Lung肺Alveoli肺泡Pharynx咽Throat喉Trachea气管Bronchi支气管Capillary毛细血管Gasexchange气体交换Metabolism新陈代谢Atrium心房Ventricle心室Artery动脉Vein静脉Coronaryartery冠状动脉Coronaryvein冠状静脉Heartrate心率Plasma血浆Serum血清Oxyhemoglobin氧合血红蛋白Carbonmonoxidehemoglobin一氧化碳血红蛋白Immunity免疫Immunesystem免疫系统Whitebloodcell白细胞/白血球Sinuses鼻窦Barometerism；Barflatulency高空肠胃胀气Aero-otitismedia航空性中耳炎Movementofthesoftpalate运动软腭Valsalvamanoeuver捏鼻鼓气/瓦萨尔瓦捏鼻鼓气法Swallow吞咽Yawning打哈欠

Stomachache/bellyache腹痛Cyanosis紫绀Cardio-vascularsystem心血管系统Ozone臭氧Cyanide氰化物Alcoholism酗酒/酒精中毒Carbonmonoxidepoisoning一氧化碳中毒Positive-g；positiveacceleration正过载；正加速度Gforces重力加速度Negative-g；minus-g；negativeacceleration负过载；负加速度Blackout黒视Grayout灰视Redout红视Respiratorymucosa呼吸道粘膜Nitrogen氮气Pressurization增压Oxygen氧气Ionizationradiation电离辐射Relativehumidity相对湿度Respiratorysystem呼吸系统Circulatorysystem循环系统Hypoxic hypoxia; Altitudehypoxia缺氧性缺氧Anemic hypoxia; Hypemichypoxia贫血性缺氧Stagnanthypoxia循环停滞性缺氧Histotoxichypoxia组织中毒性缺氧Carbonmonoxide二氧化碳Internalrespiration； tissuerespiration内呼吸；组织呼吸Externalrespiration；pulmonaryrespiration外呼吸；肺呼吸Tingling刺痛感Tunnelvision管状视觉Progressive/Slowdecompression缓慢失压

Rapid/Explosivedecompression快速失压；爆炸性减压TUC (time of usefulconsciousness)有用意识时间Hyperventilation换气过度Dizziness头昏DCS(decompressionsickness)减压病；高空减压Oticbarotrauma中耳气压性损伤Scubadiving水肺潜水/斯库巴潜水Tinnitus耳鸣Redbloodcell红血球Platelets血小板Hemoglobin血红蛋白Oxygensaturation血氧饱和度Incapacitation失能Cumulativeeffect累积效应Systolicpressure收缩压Diastolicpressure舒张压Donatingblood献血Nausea恶心Convulsion痉挛Lungcancer肺癌Carbonicacid碳酸10.1.2飞行生理学基础Nervoussystem神经系统Centralnervoussystem中枢神经系统Peripheralnervoussystem周围神经系统Spinalcord脊髓Cerebrum大脑Cerebellum小脑Brainstem脑干Efferentnerve传出神经Afferentnerve传入神经Sensorynerve感觉神经Motornerve运动神经

Receptor感受器Unconditionedreflex无条件反射Autonomicnervoussystem自主神经系统Absolutethresholds绝对阈限Differentialthreshold差别阈限Sensitivity感受性Reflexarc反射弧Lens晶状体Ciliarymuscles睫状肌Cornea角膜Retina视网膜Opticnerve视神经Iris虹膜Photoreceptor感光细胞Rod视杆细胞Cone视锥细胞Visualacuity视敏度Staticvisualacuity静态视敏度Dynamicvisualacuity动态视敏度Glare眩光Psychologicalglare心理眩光Physiologicalglare生理眩光Snowblindness雪盲症；强光盲Adaption适应Lightadaptation明适应Fovea中央凹Blindspot生理盲点Nightblindspot夜间盲点Darkadaptation暗适应Nightvision夜间视觉Visualfield视野Effectivevisualdistance有效视觉距离Binocularvision双眼视觉Monocularvision单眼视觉

Binocularparallax双眼视差Binocularconvergence双眼辐合Structuregradient结构级差；结构梯度Aerialperspective空气透视Linearperspective线条透视Motionparallax运动视差Accommodation(eye)眼调节Externalauditorycanal外耳道Tympaniccavity鼓室Cochlea耳蜗Hearingloss听力损失Auditoryfatigue听觉疲劳Auditoryadaption听觉适应Ergonomics工效；工效学Angularacceleration角加速度Linearacceleration线加速度Vomit呕吐Muscletremor；Musclevibration肌肉震颤Upperrespiratory上呼吸道Spatialorientation空间定向Hearingthresholdshift听阈偏移Emptyfieldmyopia空虚视野近视Nightmyopia夜间近视Innerear内耳Eardrum鼓膜Eustachiantube咽鼓管Vestibularsense前庭觉Vestibularsystem前庭Vestibularapparatus前庭器官Otolithorgan耳石器Semicircularcanals半规管Motionsickness运动病；晕机病Proprioceptivesystem本体感受器Kinestheticsense肌肉运动知觉

Flightillusion飞行错觉Spatialdisorientation空间失定向，空间错觉Vestibularillusion前庭错觉Visualillusion视错觉Falsehorizonillusion虚假天地线错觉Somatogravicillusion躯体重力错觉Leansillusion倾斜错觉Blackholeeffect黑洞效应Whiteholeeffect；Whitesnoweffect白洞效应；白雪覆盖效应Inclinationillusion“矫正性”倾斜错觉Somatogyralillusion躯体旋动错觉Oculogravicillusion眼重力错觉Oculogyralillusion眼旋动错觉Coriolisillusion科里奥利错觉Inversionillusion倒翻错觉10.1.3健康与卫生Coronaryheartdisease冠心病Bloodfat；Lipid血脂Acutemyocardialinfarction急性心肌梗塞Cold；Catchacold；Influenza感冒；流感Presbycusis老年性耳聋Susceptibility易感性Sleepingpill安眠药Aspirin阿司匹Codeine可待因Benzedrine苯丙胺Anti-histamine抗组胺Decongestants抗充血Over-the-counterdrug非处方药/柜台药物(OTC)Doctor'sadvice；Medicalorders医嘱；医学咨询Strokes中风Heartattack心脏病Anginapectoris心绞痛

Suddendeath猝死Disability失能Stomachupset胃肠不适Hypertension高血压Hypotension低血压Bloodpressure血压Obesity肥胖Alcohol酒精Smoking吸烟Euphoria兴奋性/愉悦感Caffeine咖啡因Nicotine尼古丁Carbonmonoxide一氧化碳Depressant；Tranquilizer镇静剂Stimulant兴奋剂Drugabuse药物滥用Hyperopia远视Myopia近视Presbyopia老花眼Glaucoma冃光眼Cataracts白内障Astigmatism散光Colorblindness色盲10.2.1人类的信息加工Informationprocessing信息加工Sensation感觉Perception知觉Subjectivity主观性Expectation期望Perceptualdistortion歪曲知觉Referencesystem参照系统Selectiveattention选择性注意Dividedattention注意分配Concentration注意集中Sensorymemory感觉记忆；瞬时记忆

Sensoryregister感觉登记Short-termmemory短时记忆Workingmemory工作记忆Chunk组块Long-termmemory长时记忆Proceduralmemory程序性记忆Declarativememory陈述性记忆Episodicmemory情境记忆Semanticmemory语义记忆Threshold阈限Sensorythreshold感觉阈限Sensoryadaptation感觉适应Encoding编码Storage储存Retrieval提取Forgetting遗忘Forgettingcurve遗忘曲线Proactiveinhibition前摄抑制Retroactiveinhibition倒摄抑制Decaytheory衰退理论Memorytrace记忆痕迹Convergentthinking聚合思维Divergentthinking发散思维Mindset；Thinkingset思维定势；固着Attentionspan,attentionrange注意的广度Attentionstability注意稳定性Distraction注意力分散Vigilance；Alertness警觉Monitoring监控Fault错Error忘Omission漏Learningstyle学习风格Conditionedreflex条件反射

Classicalconditioningtheory经典条件反射理论Operantconditioningtheory操作性条件反射理论Sociallearningtheory社会学习理论Cognitivelearningtheory认知学习理论InvertedU-shapedcurve倒U型曲线Internaldrive内驱力Externaldrive外驱力Insight顿悟Technicalskill技术技能Non-technicalskill非技术技能Actionskill;physicalskill动作技能Mentalskill心智技能Flightskill；Flyingskill飞行技能；驾驶技能10.2.2压力与疲劳Arousal唤醒Stress应激；压力Stressor应激源Acutestress急性应激Chronicstress慢性应激Physiologicalstress生理性应激Psychologicalstress心理性应激Alarmstage警觉反应阶段Resistancestage抵抗阶段Exhaustionstage衰竭阶段Generaladaptationsyndrome一般适应综合征（GAS）Yerkes-Dorsonlaw叶克斯-道森定律Anxiety焦虑Fatigue疲劳EEG脑电图Sleeppattern睡眠模式Slow-wavesleep慢波睡眠Fast-wavesleep快波睡眠Rapideyemovementsleep(REMsleep)快速眼动睡眠

Narcolepsy嗜睡症Insomnia失眠Accumulativeeffect累积效应Sleeploss睡眠缺失Sleepdeprivation睡眠剥夺Circadianrhythms昼夜生物节律Circadiandysrhythmia;Circadianrhythmdisturbance昼夜生物节律扰乱Endogenicrhythm内源性节律Biologicalclock生物钟Timedifference时差Jetlag；Timedifferenceeffect时差效应Desynchronization去同步Resynchronization再同步Mentalrelaxation；Psychologicalrelaxation心理放松Physicalfitness体适能10.2.3人格、态度与行为Personality人格Character个性/性格Temperament气质Attitude态度Cognitivecomponent认知成分Affectivecomponent情感成分Behaviortendency/intention行为倾向Intrinsic/Innermotivation内部动机Extrinsic/Externalmotivation外部动机Heredity遗传Self-concept自我概念Needs需要Lowlevel/Basicneeds低级需要Advance/Seniorneeds咼级需要Belongingnessandlove归属与爱的需要

Self-esteemneeds尊重需要Self-actualizationneeds自我实现的需要Motivation动机Self-discipline自律；自我约束Professionalethics职业道德10.3.1情景意识Situationawareness情景意识Situationawarenessloss情景意识丧失Anticipation;Projection预期，预测Operationaldistraction营运性注意力分散Non-operationaldistraction非营运性注意力分散10.3.2交流Communication交流Verbalcommunication言语交流Non-verbalcommunication非言语交流Explicitcommunication显性沟通Implicitcommunication隐性沟通Feedback反馈Communicationbarriers交流障碍Conflict冲突10.3.3工作负荷Workload工作负荷Workperformance工作绩效Overload超负荷10.3.4领导与协作Trans-Cockpitauthoritygradient驾驶舱职权梯度Leadership领导Leaderstyle领导风格Co-ordination协作Managementstyle管理风格Autocratic权威-服从型Laissezfaire自由主义型Self-centeredness自我中心型Democratic民主型Countryclub乡村俱乐部型10.3.5决策Aviationdecisionmaking(ADM)航空决策

Participatoryleader参与式领导Hazardousattitude危险态度Anti-authority反权威Impulsivity冲动Invulnerability侥幸Macho炫耀Resignation屈服Riskassessment；Riskevaluation风险评估Problemsolving问题解决Peerpressure同伴压力Mindset定势/固着Anchoringeffect锚定效应Speculativementality投机心态Overconfident过度自信10.3.6文化、SOP与CRMCulture文化Stan