2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解之主旨大意题讲解课件（共29张）

长难句分析高考阅读理解专题---主旨大意一个句子之所以长，是增加了修饰语的缘故。我们要做的就是找到修饰语，去掉修饰语，使长句变成简单句。去掉定状补，只留主加谓。修饰语:作定语的形容词作状语的副词介词短语非谓语动词短语从句形容词和副词是一个词，相对较短，而介词短语、非谓语动词和从句相对较长，因此，有人称之为“三长两短”。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.

1、带有较多成分的简单句。例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.Inthe1970shewasasurgeonatYale,hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren,buthewasterriblyunhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。2、含有多个简单句的并列句。Inthe1970shewasasurgeonatYale,hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren,buthewasterriblyunhappy.3、包含多个从句的复合句。Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewableresources,ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewableresources,ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.

Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse,butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot,changewasunavoidable.我经历过好的变化，也经历过坏的变化，但是我从来没有怀疑过这样一个事实，即不管我喜欢与否，变化总是不可避免的。4.并列句中包含复合句。

Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse,butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot,changewasunavoidable.24.Whichactororactressisnon-white?A.ScarlettJohanssonB.MattDamon

C.EdSkreinD.DanielDaeKim.2.SeveralHollywoodfilmshavefacedcriticisminrecentmonthsforfeaturingwhiteactorsinAsianroles.RecentfilmsaccusedofwhitewashingincludetheHollywoodremakeofJapaneseanimeGhostintheShell,whichhadScarlettJohanssoninthemainrolewhichwasoriginallyJapanese,andChineseepicTheGreatWallwhichstarredMattDamonasitsleadcharacter.Earlierthisyear,BritishactorEdSkreinwhowascastasanAsiancharacterintheupcomingHellboyremakepulledoutofthefilmsothattherolecouldbe“castappropriately”.ItthenwenttoKorean-AmericanactorDanielDaeKim.D2.SeveralHollywoodfilmshavefacedcriticisminrecentmonthsforfeaturingwhiteactorsinAsianroles.RecentfilmsaccusedofwhitewashingincludetheHollywoodremakeofJapaneseanimeGhostintheShell,whichhadScarlettJohanssoninthemainrolewhichwasoriginallyJapanese,andChineseepicTheGreatWallwhichstarredMattDamonasitsleadcharacter.Earlierthisyear,BritishactorEdSkreinwhowascastasanAsiancharacterintheupcomingHellboyremakepulledoutofthefilmsothattherolecouldbe“castappropriately”.ItthenwenttoKorean-AmericanactorDanielDaeKim.“洗白”(whitewashing)指由白人演员扮演非白人角色的行为，被视为一种盛行很久的种族歧视行为。Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocentlyenoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational,asoftwarecompany,hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长，他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。5、含有多个插入成分或分隔成分的句子。Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocentlyenoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational,asoftwarecompany,hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.一招破解长难句!高考阅读理解---

主旨大意1)主题类Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2)目的类Thepassageismeant/intended

to…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…3)标题类Thebesttitleofthepassageis…主旨大意题设问方式(1)Now（如今）…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。(2)表转折的词。段落中出现but,however,actually,while,infact,onthecontrary,incontrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。(3)表总结的词。如therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。(4)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中反复出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。(5)若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。(6)说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如theirstudiesshowthat…，theexperimentshowsthat…,scientists/researchershavefoundthat…或thereisevidencesuggestingthat…中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。寻找主题句的6个微技能主题句的位置1、段(文)首——开门见山，点出主题；2、段(文)尾——详细论证，总结陈词；3、段(文)中——引题过渡，导出主题;

4、段(文)首尾—首尾呼应，烘托主题；

1.以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出错误结论。2.放大或缩小文章的主题。把文章中出现过的某一个观点或具体细节当成整篇文章的主题；或者太笼统地夸大主题。3.偷换概念，文章的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。4.主观臆断，文中没有出处但看似符合常理的误导性主题。干扰项设置特点

(2017年四川卷D）Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.

Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.

Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.1 Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?21.文首—开门见山，点出主题。

语篇结构为：点出主题—围绕主题展开陈述、论证或说明Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillittakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately,withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat“being”inthezone.”Educatorscallit“automaticity.”Theparagraphmainlytellsus_______.A.whatautomaticityis B.howaccuracyisacquiredB.howachildlearnstowalk D.howanathleteistrained.3A（2）文尾—详细论证，总结陈词。

语篇结构为：表述细节—概括主题归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议

Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.” However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.ASellingMethodD.BuyingaTVSet4cNothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.5(3)段中—引题过渡，导出主题。语篇结构为:“引题—主题思想—解释”或“提问—回答—解释”。

Notsolongago,mostpeopledidn'tknowwhoShellyAnnFrancisPrycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete....Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearlateratJamaica’sOlympicgamesinearly2008,ShellyAnn,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica'sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑)....AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”OneofthethingsShelly-Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.TheMakingofaGreatAthlete B.TheDreamforChampionshipC.TheKeytoHighPerformance D.ThePowerofFullResponsibility6A(4）首尾—首尾呼应，烘托主题

语篇结构为:提出主题—展开论述或说明—进一步引申或发展主题

1.文首—开门见山，点出主题。

语篇结构为：点出主题—围绕主题展开陈述、论证或说明2.文尾—详细论证，总结陈词。

语篇结构为：表述细节—概括主题归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议3.段中—引题过渡，导出主题。语篇结构为:“引题—主题思想—解释”或“提问—回答—解释”。4.首尾—首尾呼应，烘托主题

语篇结构为:提出主题—展开论述或说明—进一步引申或发展主题

1.(2018年全国Ⅱ卷·32)

We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence. What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecause...无主题句

Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.C本段无主题句，描述的情况是：在公共场合，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，甚或苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默之中。据此可归纳为，陌生人之间缺少交流。故选C项。(2017年Ⅱ卷)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.无主题句A1、主题词或主题句主题词出现频率较高，往往在第一段出现，带有概括性。文章没有明显的主题句，可以通过找主题词。注：主旨大意题的正确选项一般都会包含主题词！2、归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的方法根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。3、运用逆向思维法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。Summary主旨大意题干扰选项的特征：①过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。②以偏概全，主次不分。只概括了文章一部分的内容，或以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。③移花接木，偷换概念。选项中的定语或状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。④主观臆测，无中生有，虽符合一般常理，选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

●Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Waysofexperimentingonsmoking.B.InformationaboutsmokingC.Smokingresultingincancer.D.Sideeffectsofsmoking.7D画蛇添足帽子太大以偏概全

Boston----ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBIandthemuseumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordan…...WilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUnivercity‘’sFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks”.

Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?A.ATheftTook