Unit 1 Wish you were here Grammar and usage 语法讲解学案-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

选择性必修三Unit1Wishyouwerehere语法讲解Teachingobjectives1.知识目标：学生能够掌握非限制性定语从句的基本含义2.技能目标：学生能够掌握非限制性定语从句的基本运用3.情感目标：学生能够更有信心学习英语Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握非限制性定语从句的基本含义2.掌握非限制性定语从句的基本含义Teachingprocedures：课前检测1.______adj.开花的，盛开的，风华正茂的，bloom的现在分词2.______vt.&vi.展开，打开，展现，开花(反义词：fold折叠，裹)3.______n.领土，领地，版图，领域，范围，地区，区域4.______n.山谷，溪谷，流域5.______n.冰川6.______adj.城市的，城镇的，城市里的，居住在城市的7.______n.少数，少数民族，少数群体，少数派，未成年8.______n.烹饪，烹饪术，烹调法，菜肴，饭菜，风味9.______adj.精力充沛的，富有创新思想的，活跃的，动力的10.______vt.品尝，试尝，体验，抽样检验n.样品，货样，取样，样本11.______adj.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语的n.凯尔特语12.______n.深度，深，深刻，深厚，最深处，深奥13.______n.郊区，城外，城郊14.______adj.植物学的，植物的15.______adj.克拉维斯的n.克拉维斯16.______n.毛毯，厚层，床毯，覆盖物，覆盖层vt.覆盖，笼罩17.______n.曲棍球，冰球运动，冰球，冰上曲棍球18.______n.侄女，外甥女19.______n.福祉，安康，幸福，康乐，福利，福利事业20.______adj.围绕的，环绕的，周围的，附近的21.______n.和谐，协调，融洽，部分与整体之间或各部分之间的和谐有序22.______n.教堂，礼拜，敬拜23.______n.规则，法规，道德准则，行为规范，密码，电码，代码24.______n.雕像，塑像，雕塑25.______n.纪念品，纪念物26.______n.古董，古物，古玩adj.古董的，古玩的，古老的27.______n.花瓶，装饰瓶28.______n.由风吹积而成的沙丘29.______n.谷粒，谷物，粮食，谷类作物30.______n.户外烧烤，烤架，烤炉，烧烤，

烤肉vt.烤31.______n.泥；烂泥；泥浆，淤泥32.______n.边界，边疆，国界，边缘，界限vi.&vt.毗连，接壤，与接壤33.______n.停车，停车位，停车处adj.停车的34.______n.砖，砖块，砖材，积木，砖块状物，可靠的人35.______vt.星星点点地布满，点缀，打点n.点，小圆点，小数点36.______n.火腿，火腿肉37.______n.香肠，腊肠，香肠状物38.______n.串，束，捆，大量39.______n.徒步旅行，远足，提高vi.&vt.徒步旅行，远足，去徒步旅行，提高40.______n.液体，液态物adj.液体的，液态的，流质的41.______adj.北极的，北极区的，极冷的，寒冷的42.______n.狐，狐狸，狡猾的人43.______adj.极地的，完全相反的44.______n.羊羔，羔羊，羔羊肉，温顺的人45.freesample___________46.offthebeatentrack____________47.comeasnosurprise______________48.comedownto..._______________49.makeone’swayto..._____________________50.beatdown_______________51.consistin...__________________非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句就是不起限制性作用的定语从句。它和限制性作用的定语从句的区分在书写的形式上表现为：非限制性定语从句和它修饰的名词、代词或句子用逗号隔开。如：Theboysreachedanislandseparatedfromtheoutsideworld,wheretheybelievedlotsoftreasurewashiddensomewhere.Weallknowclearlytheimmediatefuture,beyondwhich,however,itishardtotellwhatlies.Ourfriendshipwashatchedbackin1995,sincewhenwehavekeptintouchwitheachother.Moreandmorepeoplegojogginginthemorning,whosebenefitsforhealtharisefromtheairrichinoxygen.Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17%injustoneyear.Heisaddictedtocomputergames,whichareharmfultohisstudies.Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,whichmadehimlosehissight.Asisknowntoallofus,theGreatWallisapridetotheChinesepeople.MostpeopleinChinaplayping－pong,whichmakesitpopularinChina.非限制性定语从句不起限制性作用，对它所修饰的名词、代词或句子进行补充和说明，相当于一个并列句或两个简单句，但非限制性定语从句让整个句子显得简洁。如：Peter,whosecookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide,wasonceyoungChefoftheYear.=PeterwasonceyoungChefoftheYear.Hiscookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide.=PeterwasonceyoungChefoftheYear,andhiscookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide.Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends,whenthecleanersstillhavemuchworktodo.=Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekendsandthecleanersstillhavemuchworktodothen.=Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends.Thecleanersstillhavemuchworktodothen.对比：Ican’taffordahousethat/whichhasabiggarden.(我买不起有大花园的房子。)Heboughtahouse,whichhasabiggarden.(我买了台房子。这房子有个大花园。)由于非限制性定语从句不起限制性作用，对它所修饰的名词、代词或句子进行补充和说明，所以在whom,which前有介词或有some/many/allof等修饰表示整体的部分或所有时，就常用非限制性定语从句。Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofwhomareworkinginBeijing.MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofwhichisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.要注意这种非限制性定语从句和独立主格结构、并列句及语段的区分：LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofwhomareworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofthemworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons;twoofthemareworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons.TwoofthemareworkinginBeijing.MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofwhichisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofthembeingTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels;oneofthemisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels.OneofthemisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.这种非限制性定语从句也可能出现“介词＋关系代词化的关系副词”引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句的实际运用中还会出现像“inwhichcase,duringwhichtime,sincewhen,inwhose…”等具体语境的类似“介词＋关系代词化的关系副词”的短语引导非限制性定语从句。如：(1)Shehidherselfbehindthedoor,fromwhereshecouldseethegirlclearly.这里的where相当于behindthedoor。如果把where换成which，就变成从门上看，意义上就错误了。英语中没有双介词加关系代词引导非限制性定语从句的现象。(2)Newbambooshootsappearfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones,fromwheretheygrowhigherandhigher.(3)Hemaywinthematchtonight,inwhichcasehemaybeadmittedtothenationalteam.=Hemaywinthematchtonight.Inthatcasehemaybeadmittedtothenationalteam.(4)Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople,inwhosevillagehetaughtEnglishtenyearsago,haveledahappylife.(5)HestudiedinNantongUniversitybetween1994and1998,duringwhichtimehemademanyfriends.=HestudiedinNantongUniversitybetween1994and1998.Duringthetimehemademanyfriends.(6)IcametoNantongin1983,sincewhengreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.=IcametoNantongin1983.Sincethengreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.以上六句话是非限制定语从句中常出现的难句。在进行了以上对比分析后，难句不难。英语中，不是所有的关系代词和关系副词都可用来引导非限制定语从句。关系代词that和关系副词why不可用来引导非限制定语从句。关系代词用来引导非限制定语从句即使作宾语也不能省略。Thegirl,wholovessports,isastudent.Heboughtanewbike,whichwasverynice.Thestudents,who/whomateachertreatsashisorherownchildren,alwayslearnquickly.在学习和使用非限制定语从句时要注意which和as的区别。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后,也可放在主句中间，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid－termexamination.Pingchaoisabeautifultown,asweallknow.which和as一样，也可以修饰整个句子，但有区别：当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which引导。Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.which引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句只能放在句尾，而as引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句尾或句中。LiPingisgoodatEnglish,asweallknow.Asisknowntoallofus,theGreatWallisapridetotheChinesepeople.MostpeopleinChinaplayping－pong,whichmakesitpopularinChina.which在引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句中一般作行为动词的主语。Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,whichbenefitshisstudentsgreatly.在很多情况下，which引导的修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句可以用现在分词来改写，变化成结果状语。Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,whichbenefitshisstudentsgreatly.=Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,benefitinghisstudentsgreatly.Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,whichmadehimlosehissight.=Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,makinghimlosehissight.根据句境用正确词填空，每空一词。Xiangyang,(1)____liesintheheartofSunshineTown,isthebestplaceforaholiday.AndtheRuiyingHotel,(2)____istheonlyhotelinXiangyang,isthebestplacetostayat.Thestreet,(3)____thehotellies,isquietandclean.Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends,(4)____thecleanersstillhavemuchworktodo.Thecleanerskeepthestreetcleanandbeautiful.Ruiying,(5)____boughtthissmallhotelthreeyearsago,hasalreadywonalotofpraiseforexcellence.Theguests,(6)____Ruiyingtreatsasmembersofhe