高考英语语法-特殊句式讲义

特殊句式倒装句：倒装主要包括完全倒装和部分倒装两种。完全倒装就是把谓语动词完全放在主语之前，而部分倒装就是把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前。一：部分倒装疑问句中，将be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。Canyouswim?Doyoulikeeatingapples?only+状语/状语从句＂位于句首时，被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装。Onlyinthiswaycanyouimproveyourgrade.表示＂也(不)……＂的句式，即＂so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语＂形式。Hehasmadeuphismindtocontinuewithhisstudies.SohaveI.Hedoesn’tlikelivinginthecity.Neither/nordoeshiswife.当so表示“的确，是的”的时候，不需要倒装。Jimmyisgoodatplayingfootball.吉米足球踢得很好—Soheis.的确。表示否定意义的词或短语，如little,hardly,never,innocase,seldom,not,few等，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。NeverhaveIseensuchasplendidbuilding.InnocasehaveInoticedthatdog.hardly…when，no…sooner…than(一...就...)位于句首时，其所在句子用部分倒装。Nosoonerhadwegottherethanitbecamedark.我们一到那里天就黑了。not...until位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。Notuntiltheteachercameindidthestudentsstoptalking.notonly…butalso位于句首时，含notonly的分句用部分倒装。Notonlydidthepricesincrease,butalsotheirwagesincreased.完全倒装1、表示方位、地点、时间的副词，如in,out,up,there,then,here,now等放在句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用完全倒装。Herecomesthebus.Incameagirl.分词短语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。Lyingonthecouchisanoldlady.强调句：强调是一种修辞效果，是为了一定语境中的部分内容进行突出而采用的手段。主要句型1、Itis/was....that/who.....这种句型可以对主语、宾语、表语、状语、等进行强调，that没有实际意义，只起到语法连接作用，只有指人时，可用who代替that。句子中的is/was根据原句时态而定。Iboughtabookyesterday.对主语强调：ItwasIthat/whoboughtabookyesterday.对宾语强调：ItwasabookthatIboughtyesterday.对状语强调：ItwasyesterdaythatIboughtabook.被强调的部分若是句子的主语，则that/who后面的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致：ItisMarywho/thatisgoingtoseeyou.2、do/does/did+动词原形：如果需要对谓语动词进行强调，则使用这个句型，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。Dobecarefulnexttime.Shedidtellmeaboutheraddress.强调句的判断，把it/is/was/that去掉，剩余的句子如果结构完整，那就是强调句。习题1.Onlyyesterday________________findoutthathispursewaslost.A.hewas B.washe C.didhe D.hedid2.—Lucyisquitealovelygirl.—________________.A.SoissheB.SosheisC.Sodoesshe D.Soshedoes3.I________________youcanfinishtheexamintwohours.A.doesbelieve B.dobelieve C.didbelieved D.dobelieved4.—Petershuthismouthatthemeetingyesterday.HowaboutTom?—________________.A.Neitherdidhe B.Sodohe C.Sodoeshe D.Sodidhe5.－Ihaven’tseenthefilm.－________________.A.NeitherhaveI B.SohaveI C.NeitherIhave D.SoIhave6.—Peter,IwillvisitourteacherthisSunday.—________________.Let’sgotogether.A.NordoI B.Iwillso C.SowillI7.ItwasbecauseIlikeyou________________Ispeakoutfrankly.A.that B.why C.because D.who8.NotuntilIbegantowork___________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didIrealize B.doIrealize C.Irealize 9.Onlyinthisway___________makeprogress.A.youcan B.canyou C.can10.ItwasinShanghai___________Iwasborn.A.that B.what C.who11.Notabook______thisweekA.didIread B.Iread C.doesIread12.Hardly______thephonewhenhehungup.A.Ihadpickedup B.hadIpickedup C.haveIpickup13.Hangingonthewall____.A.aretwopaintings B.twopaintingsare C.istwopaintings