2023年职称英语等级考试模拟题及答案

2023年职称英语等级考试模拟题（理工类B级）第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。1.Thenurseryisbrightandcheerful.A.pleasantB.cleanC.peacefulD.large2.ThiskindofmaterialwasseldomusedinbuildinghousesduringtheMiddleAges.A.neverB.rarelyC.oftenD.only3.Peoplefrommanyplacesweredrawntothecitybyitsgrowingeconomy.A.fetchedB.carriedC.attractedD.pushed4.Thesoldierdisplayedremarkablecourageinthebattle.A.placedB.showedC.pointedD.decided5.HowdoyouaccountforyourabsencefromtheclasslastThursday?A.explainB.examineC.chooseD.expand6.Aboutonequarteroftheworkersinthecountryareemployedinfactories.A.thirdB.fourthC.tenthD.fifteenth7.Shewasgratefultohimforbeingsogoodtoher.A.carefulB.hatefulC.beautifulD.thankful8.Thereareonlyfiveminutesleft,buttheoutcomeofthematchisstillindoubt.A.resultB.judgementC.estimationD.event9.HeiscertainthatthedictionaryisjustwhatIwant.A.sureB.angryC.doubtfulD.worried10.Thelastfewweekshavebeenenjoyable.A.closeB.nearC.pastD.several11.Whatweretheconsequencesofthedecisionshehadmade?A.reasonsB.resultsC.causesD.bases12.Theydidn'trealizehowserioustheproblemwas.A.knowB.forgetC.doubtD.remember13.Weshallkeepthemoneyinasecureplace.A.cleanB.secret C.distantD.safe14.ThegreatchangesofthecityastonishedeveryvisitortothatcityA.attackedB.surprisedC.attractedD.interested15.Thecityhasdecidedtodoawaywithalltheoldbuildingsinitscenter.A.getridofB.setupC.repairD.paint第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitudeWomenwholiveintheworld’shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn’tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudesorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1997and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities:LaPazandSantaCruz.LaPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz.“Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,”saysGiussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudesaredeprivedof2oxygenbeforebirth.“Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild,”saysGiussani.Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetotherestofthebody.Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronaryheartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.16.Accordingtothepassage，oneofthereasonswhynewbornsinmountaincommunitiesareunderweightisthattheirmothersareunder-nourished.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Giussani’steammembersareallBritishresearchersandprofessorsfromCambridgeUniversity.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Giussanididnotexpecttofindthattheweightofababyhadlittletodowiththefinancialconditionsofthefamilyhewasborninto.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Theweightofanewbornhastodowiththesupplyofoxygenevenwhenhewasstillinhismother’swomb.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.High-altitudebabieshaveheadsthatarelargerthantheirbodies.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.High-altitudebabieshavelongerbutthinnerlimbsthanaverage.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Giussanihasarrivedattheconclusionthatbabiesinhigh-altituderegionsaremorelikelytohavehearttroublewhentheygrowup.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。LEDLightingAnaccidentaldiscoveryannouncedrecentlyhastakenLEDlightingtoanewlevel,suggestingitcouldsoonofferacheaper,longer-lastingalternativetothetraditionallightbulb.ThebreakthroughaddstoagrowingtrendthatislikelytoeventuallymakeThomasEdison’sbrightinvention1obsolete.LEDsarealreadyusedintrafficlights,flashlights,andarchitecturallighting.Theyareflexibleandoperatelessexpensivelythantraditionallighting.MichaelBowers,agraduatestudentatVanderbiltUniversity,wasjusttryingtomakereallysmallquantumdots,whicharecrystalsgenerallyonlyafewnanometersbig.Quantumdotscontainanywherefrom100to1,000electrons.They’reeasilyexcitedbundlesofenergy,andthesmallertheyare,themoreexcitedtheyget.EachdotinBower’sparticularbatchwasexceptionallysmall,containingonly33or34pairsofatoms.Whenyoushinealightonquantumdotsorapplyelectricitytothem,theyreactbyproducingtheirownlight,normallyabright,vibrantcolor.ButwhenBowersshinedalaseronhisbatchofdots,somethingunexpectedhappened.Hewassurprisedwhenawhiteglowcoveredthetable.Thequantumdotsweresupposedtoemitbluelight4,butinsteadtheyweregivingoffabeautifulwhiteglow.ThenBowersandanotherstudentgottheideatostirthedotsintopolyurethaneandcoatablueLEDlightbulbwiththemix.Thelumpybulbwasn’tpretty,butitproducedwhitelightsimilartoaregularlightbulb.LEDsproducetwiceasmuchlightasaregular60wattbulbandburnforover50.000hours.TheDepartmentofEnergyestimatesLEDlightingcouldreduceU.S.energyconsumptionforlightingby29percentby2025.LEDsdon’temitheat,sothey’realsomoreenergyefficient.Andthey’remuchhardertobreak.Quantumdotmixturescouldbepaintedonjustaboutanythingandelectricallyexcitedtoproducearainbowofcolorstincludingwhite.Themainlightsourceofthefuturewillalmostsurelynotbeabulb.Itmightbeatable,awall,orevenafork.23.Paragraph124.Paragraph325.Paragraph526.Paragraph6A.LEDLightingIsNotMatureB.LEDLightingWillReplaceTraditionalLightingC.AlmostEverythingCouldBetheMainLightSourceintheFutureD.LEDLightingHasManyAdvantagesE.BowersMadeanUnexpectedDiscoveryF.LEDLightBulbsLookLumpy27.Unliketraditionallighting,LEDsdonotgiveoutheatso.28.Edison’sbrightinventionislikelytobeoutdatedbecause.29.SomethingunexpectedhappenedduringBower’sexperimentwhen.30.Overonequarterofenergyconsumptionforlightingcouldbesavedby2025if.A.traditionallightingislessdurableanddearerB.alaserexcitedthequantumdotsC.AmericaadoptedLEDsD.graduatestudentsworkhardE.quantumdotmixturesaremagicF.itismoreefficient第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇EattoLiveAmeagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butit’snotmuchfun—anditmightnotevenbenecessary.Wemaybeabletohangontomostofthatyouthfulvigorevenifwedon’tstarttodietuntiloldage.StephenSpindlerandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatRiversidehavefoundthatsomeofanelderlymouse’slivergenescanhemadetobehaveastheydidwhenthemousewasyoungsimplybylimitingitsfoodforfourweeks.Thegeneticrejuvenationwon’treverseotherdamagecausedbytimeforthemouse,butcouldhelpitslivermetabolizedrugsorgetridoftoxins.Spindlersteamfedthreemiceanormaldietfortheirwholelives,andfedanotherthreeonhalf-rations.Threemoremicewereswitchedfromthenormaldiettohalf-feedforamonthwhentheywere34monthsold—equivalenttoabout70humanyears.Theresearcherscheckedtheactivityof11,000genesfromthemouselivers,andfoundthat46changedwithageinthenormallyfedmice.Thechangeswereassociatedwiththingslikeinflammationandfreeradicalproduction—probablybadnewsformousehealth.Inthemicethathaddietedniltheirlives,27ofthose46genescontinuedtobehavelikeyounggenes.Butthemostsurprisingfindingwasthatthemicethatonlystarteddietinginoldagealsobenefitedfrom70percentofthesegenechanges.“Thisisthefirstindicationthattheseeffectskickinprettyquickly.”sayHuberWarnerfromtheNationalInstituteonAgingnearWashingtonD.C.Nooneyetknowsifcalorierestrictionworksinpeopleasitdoesinmice,butSpindlerishopeful.“There’sattractingandtemptingevidenceouttherethatitwillwork,”hesays.Ifitdoesworkinpeople,theremightbegoodreasonsforrejuvenatingtheliver.Aswegetolder,ourbodiesarelessefficientatmetabolizingdrugs,forexample.Abriefperiodoftimeofdieting,saysSpindler,couldbeenoughtomakesureadrugiseffective.ButSpindlerisn’tsurethetrade-offisworthit.“Themicegetlessdisease,theylivelonger,butthey’rehungry,”hesays,“Evenseeingwhatadietdoes,it’sstillhardtogotoarestaurantandsay:‘Icanonlycathalfofthat’.”Spindlerhopeswesoonwon’tneedtodietatall.Hiscompany,LifespanGeneticsinCalifornia,islookingfordrugsthathavetheeffectsofcaloricrestriction.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Eatinglessthanusualmightmakeuslivelonger.B.wegoonAdietwhenold,wemaykeephealthy.C.Dietingmightnotbeneeded.D.Wehavetobegindietingsincechildhood.32.Whydoestheauthormentionanelderlymouseinparagraph2?A.Todescribetheinfluenceoroldageonmice.B.Toillustratetheeffectofmeagerfoodonmice.C.Totellushowmice’slivergenesbehave.D.Toinformusoftheprocessofmetabolizingdrugs.33.Whatcanheinferredaboutcompletelynormallyfedmicementionedinthepassage?A.Theywillnotexperiencefreeradicalproduction.B.Theywillexperiencemoregeneticrejuvenationintheirlifetime.C.Theyhavemoreoldlivergenestobehavelikeyounggenes.D.Theyaremorelikelytosufferfrominflammation.34.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmostinterestedtheresearchers?A.Themicethatstarteddietinginoldage.B.27ofthose46oldgenesthatcontinuedtobehavelikeyounggenes.C.Calorierestrictionthatworksinpeople.D.Dietingthatmakessureadrugiseffective.35.According10thelasttwoparagraphs,SpindlerbelievesthatA.calorierestrictionisveryimportanttoyoungpeople.B.seeingtheeffectofadiet,peoplewillliketoeatlessthannormal.C.dietingisnotagoodmethodtogiveushealthandlonglife.D.drugsdonothavetheeffectsofcalorierestriction.第二篇SnowflakesYou’veprobablyheardthatnotwosnowflakesarealike.Ofcourse,nobodyhaseverconfirmedthatstatementbyexaminingeveryoneoftheestimatedoneseptillionsnowflakesthatdrifttoEartheachyear.Still,KennethLibbrecht,aprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,isconfidentthatthestatementistrue.Snowflakesaren’tflaky,saysLibbrecht.Attheirbasiclevel,they’recrystalline.Thelatticeofeverysnowflakeissix-sidedinshape.Thesimplestsnowcrystalsaresix-sidedflatplatesandsix-sidedcolumns.Suchcrystalsarecommoninplaceswheretheairisextremelycoldanddry.Snowcrystalsacquiretheirspecialbeautywhentheirsimplesix-sidedsymmetryblossoms.Undertherightconditions,eachofthesixcornersofacrystalsprouts1whatiscalledanarm.Inamatterofminutes,thearmscanbecomehighlyornateandgivethecrystalastarlikeappearance.Severalfactorsintheenvironmentaffecttheshapeandgrowthrateofasnowcrystal.Onefactorishumidity.Crystalsgrowfasterandinmoreintricateshapeashumidityincreases.Asecondfactorisairtemperature.Asnowflakeisbornwhenseveralmoleculesofwatervaporinacloudlandonaspeckofdustandfreezetoformasimplecrystal.Astheyoungcrystalbopsaroundinthecloud,itpassesthroughairpocketsofvaryingtemperatures.Ifthecrystalpassesthroughapocketofairthatis,say,-15degreesCelsius,itwillgrowquicklyandsproutsixarmssaysLibbrecht.Ifthecrystalisthentossedintoawarmerpocket,oneabout-100C,thearmstipswillstopgrowingquicklyandformsix-sidedplates.Ifthecrystalthendriftsintoanevenwarmerpocketofabout-50C,itstopandbottomwillgrowmorequicklythanitssidesandbecomemorecolumnlikeinshape.Inthecourseofitslifespan,asnow-crystalmightflutterthroughmanywarmerandcolderpockets,acquiringacomplicatedanduniquegrowthhistory.Suchahistorywillgiverisetoasnowflakethatisunlikeanyother.Eacharmonthesnowflakewilllookexactlylikeeveryotherone,butthecrystalitselfwillbeoneofakind.Usinghiscoolingtanks,Libbrechthaslearnedhowtocreatesnowcrystalsofdifferentshapes-plates,columns,needles,etc.Libbrechthasevenrefinedhistechniquessothathecanmakecrystalsthatlookhighlysimilartooneanother.Still,helacksthecontroltomanufactureidenticaltwinsnowflakes.Aslightdifferenceinhumidityandtemperaturecanupsetthegrowthprofileofacrystal.36.WhatdoesProfessorLibbrechtbelievetobetrue?A.Notwosnowflakesareexactlythesameinshape.B.SomebodyhasexaminedallthesnowflakesthatfallonEarth.C.Thestatementthatnotwosnowflakesarealikeisconfirmed.D.Noneoftheabove.37.Whatdothesimplestsnowcrystalslooklike?A.Theyhavesixcolumns.B.Theyareflaky.C.Theyarecubicinshape.D.Theyaresix-sided.38.Whatarethefactorsthataffecttheshapeandgrowthrateofasnowcrystal?A.Humidityandtemperature.B.Waterandfallingspeed.C.Airandaltitude.D.BothBandC.39.Itcanbefeltfromthedescriptioninthe2ndparagraphthattheauthorA.admiresthebeautyofthesnowflakes.B.dislikesthechanginggrowthhistoryofthesnowflakes.C.hasaparticularfeelingforthoseflower-likecrystals.D.likestocomparesnowflakestothestarsinthesky.40.LibbrechtisnotabletoA.createsnowcrystalsofdifferentshapes.B.makecrystalsthatlooksimilartooneanother.C.createsnowflakesthateraexactlyalike.D.refinehistechniques.第三篇FordAbandonsElectricVehiclesTheFordmotorcompany’sabandonmentofelectriccarseffectivelysignalstheendoftheroadforthetechnology,analystssay.GeneralMotorsandHondaceasedproductionofbattery-poweredcarsin1999,tofocusonfuelcellandhybridelectricgasolineengines,whicharemoreattractivetotheconsumer.Fordhasnowannounceditwilldothesame.Threeyearsago,thecompanyintroducedtheThinkCitytwo-seatercarandagolfcartcalledtheTHINKorThinkNeighhor.Ithopedtosell5,000carseachyearand10,000carts.Butalackofdemandmeansonlyabout1,000ofthecarshavebeenproduced,andlessthan1,700cartshavebeensoldsofarin2023.“Thebottomlineiswedon’tbelievethatthisisthefutureofenvironmenttransportforthemassmarket,”TimHolmesofFordEuropesaidonFriday.“Wefeelwehavegivenelectricourbestshot.”TheThinkCityhasarangeofonlyabout53milesanduptoasix-hourbatteryrechargetime.GeneralMotors’EVIelectricvehiclealsohadalimitedrange,ofabout100miles.Theveryexpensivebatteriesalsomeanelectriccarscostmuchmorethanpetrol-poweredalternatives.AnelectricToyotaRAV4EVvehiclecostsover$42,000intheUS,comparedwithjust$17,000forthepetrolversion.ToyotaandNissanarenowtheonlymajorautomanufacturerstoproduceelectricvehicles.“Thereisafeelingthatbatteryelectrichasbeengivenitschance.Fordnowhastomoveonwithitshybridprogram,andthatiswhatwewillbejudgingthemon,”RogerHigman,aseniortransportcampaigneratUKFriendsoftheEarth,toldtheEnvironmentNewsService.HybridcarsintroducedbyToyotaandHondainthepastfewyearshavesoldwell.Hybridenginesoffergreatermileagethanpetrol-onlyengines,andthebatteriesrechargethemselves.FordsaysitthinkssuchvehicleswillhelpitmeetplannednewguidelinesonvehicleemissionsintheUS.However,itisnotyetclearexactlywhatthoseguidelineswillpermit.InJune,GeneralMotorsandDaimlerChryslerwonacourtinjunction,delayingbytwoyearsCalifornianlegislationrequiringcar-makerstooffer100,000zero-emissionandotherlow-emissionvehiclesinthestateby2023.Carmanufacturershopethelegislationwillberewrittentoallowformorelow-emission,ratherthanzero-emission,vehicles.41.WhathavetheFordmotorcompany,GeneralMotor’sandHondadoneconcerningelectriccars?A.Theyhavestartedtoproduceelectriccars.B.Theyhavedoneextensiveresearchonelectriccars.C.Theyhavegivenupproducingelectriccars.D.Theyhaveproducedthousandsofelectriccars.42.AccordingtoTimHolmesofFordEurope,battery-poweredcarsA.willbethemaintransportationvehiclesinthefuture.B.willnotbethemaintransportationvehiclesinthefuture.C.willbegoodtotheenvironmentinthefuture.D.willreplacepetrol-poweredvehiclesinthefuture.43.Whichautomanufacturersarestillproducingelectricvehicles?A.ToyotaandNissan.B.GeneralMotor’sandHonda.C.FordandToyota.D.HondaandToyata.44.Accordingtotheeighthparagraph,hybridcarsA.offerfewermileagethanpetroldrivencars.B.runfasterthanpetroldrivencars.C.runmoremilesthanpetroldrivencars.D.offermorebatteriesthanpetroldrivencars.45.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthehopeofcarmanufacturersaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Low-emissioncarsshouldbebanned.B.Onlyzero-emissioncarsareallowedtorunonmotorways.C.Thelegislationwillencouragecarmakerstoproducemoreelectriccars.D.Thelegislationwillallowmorelow-emissiontobeproduced.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面旳短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyproved1tobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobertBell,ascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluated,hesaid.“Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformation,”RobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.46Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effetsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday.47Aswell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustrnlia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.48Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgrounds,childcarecentres,hospitals,sportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren.49Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.50AccordingtoRobertBell,itisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.Besides,healsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.B.Bytheyear20234itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.C.“Ifmobilephonesarefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevised,”hesaid.D.Thenwhofinancestheresearch?E.Forexample,Telstra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面旳短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。ChickenSoupfortheSoul：ComfortFoodFightsLoneliness

Mashedpotatoes,macaroniandcheese,maybebadforyourarteries.51accordingtoastudyinPsychologicalScience,they’regoodforyourheartand52.Thestudyfocuseson“comfortfood”andhowitmakespeoplefeel.“Forme53,foodhasalwaysplayedabigroleinmyfamily,”saysJordanTroisi,agraduatestudentattheUniversityofBuffalo,andleadauthoronthestudy.Thestudycameoutoftheresearchprogramofhisco—authorShiraGabriel.Ithas54non-humanthingsthatmayaffecthumanemotions.Somepeoplereducelonelinessbybondingwiththeir55TVshow,buildingvirtualrelationshipswithapopsongsingerorloo