全国职称英语等级考试理工类A级真题及答案

2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？

AeverlastingBlong

CtemporaryDboring

2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

AshakenBdamaged

CfallenDjumped

3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

AfaithfulBroyal

CgenuineDsincere

4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

AattractionBsimplicity

CpowerDrigor

5Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

AmistBfog

CmysteryDsecret

6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation，

AannoyedBtroubled

CangeredDaroused

7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

AborrowedBpurchased

CrewrittenDcopied

8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch

AfastenedBencouraged

CraisedDinitiated

9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney

AsomeBlittle

CextraDenough

10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

ApatientsBmiracles

CillnessDrecovery

11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

AmonotonousBendless

CseriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment

AoldBunforgettable

CfunnyDunfair

13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.

AfollowBorder

CproveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

AemptyBhairless

CbareDsmooth

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

AexpressionsBwarnings

CinstructionsDadvertisements

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

Water-theIssueofThisCentury

Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.Populationsaregrowingbiggerand

Thirstier（渴的），withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce（缺乏）。Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury，whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation，concentratedinAfrica，theMiddleEastandsouthAsia，willface'severewatershortages'by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.

Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025，puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries（渔业）areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits，andhalftheworld'scoralreefs（珊瑚礁）mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities，theBanksays.

Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.

Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly，andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.

Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions（制度）changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.

Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents（征兆）aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia，Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater，afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable，ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.

WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan，andwillexceedtheminIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica，onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers（蓄水层）-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.

16Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）。Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse，

usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans，scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

23Paragraph1。

24Paragraph2。

25Paragraph3。

26Paragraph4。

AReasonsforHIVresistance

BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

CEffectiveAIDStreatment

DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

EChimps'resistancetoHIV

FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand“humans

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect。

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand。

29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting。

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto。

Asomehumandiseasetreatments

Bsomediseases

Chumansurvival

Dhumangenomes

Ekeyareas

Fhealthierlifestyle

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

31The“YouthEmancipation”programaimsathelpingyoungpeople

Afightforfreedom.

Bliveinanindependentway.

Cfightagainstsocialinjustice.

Dgetridoffamilyresponsibilities.

32Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthanin

AFinland.

BGreece.

CSpain.

DItaly.

33Youngpeople'sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT

Aparents'tolerance.

Bhousingproblems.

Cculturaltraditions.

Dunwillingnesstogetmarried.

34Whichofthefollowingstatementsis，NOTtrueofDionisioMasso？

ASheis60yearsold.

BShehasaboyfriend.

CShehasthreechildren.

DShelivesinMadrid.

35Thephrase“waryof”inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby

Atiredof.

Bafraidof.

Ccautiousabout.

Dworriedabout.

第二篇

36Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbirdsongs？

AFemalezebrafinchesaretooshytosingbeforemales.

BMalezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemales.

CFemalezebrafinchesliketolistentounknownmalessing.

DMalezebrafincheschangetheirsongstoattractfemales.

37Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudyoffemalezebrafinches？

AFemalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirmates

BFemalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforthem.

CFemalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothspeakers，

DFemalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheirmates.

38Whatismeantby“concertsongs”inparagraph？

ASongssungbyzebrafinchesataconcert.

BSongssungbyfemalefinchesformalefinches.

CSongssungbymalefinchesforfemalefinches.

DSongssungbymalefinchestootherfinches.

39Theexpression“directedcommunication”inthelastparagraphmeanscommunicationinwhich

Athemessagesenderhasaspecificaudience.

Bthecommunicatorsendsmessagestohimself.

Ctwwocommmuniccatorsssenddmesssagestoeaachotther.

Dmoothersstalkktottheirbabieesintheirrmothhertoongue..

40WWhichofthhefolllowinngcannbesttrefllecttthethhemeooftheepasssage？

AChhirpinngawaay.

BZeebraffincheesanddtheiirliffe.

CBiirdsonngsasscommmunicaation..

DFrrequennciesofbiirdsonngs.

第三篇

TheRobottMan

AccoordinggtoHHansMMoraveec，univversallrobootswiilltaakeovverallltheephyssical

41WWhatwwillbbetheedisttinctiivefeeatureeofttheseecondgenerrationnroboots？

AThheywiillbeeableetorrecognnizesspeechhesanndtexxts.

BThheywiillbeeableetollearnbythhemsellves.

CThheywiillbeeableetoppredicctprooblemss.

DThheywiillbeeableetommatchhumannreassoninggandbehavvior.

42WWhichofthhefolllowinngstaatemenntsisstrueeoftthefuuturerobotts？

AThheywiillreelieveeusoofmannychoores.

BThheywiilltaakeovverthheinfformattioniindusttry.

CThheywiillneeverssurpasssus..

DThheywiillbeecomehigh--costcommoodityitemss.

43TTheauuthor''smaiinpurrposeistoo

AdeescribbetheelifeeofHHansMMoraveec.

Bsuupportttheviewthatrobottswilllplaayammajorroleinouurliffe.

CmaakefuunofthevviewsofHaansMooravecc.

Dgeetpeoopleppreparredfoortheethreeatofffutuureroobots..

44TThewoord“plummmet”inpparagrraph66meanns

Adeecreasse.

Bsttretchh.

Cexxtend..

Dgrrow.

45WWhatddoesMMoraveecthiinkoffthessefutturerrobotss？

AThheywiillloookliikeprreviouusbioologiccalchhildreen

BThheywiillbeehumaans'mmind-cchildrren.

CThheywiillcrreateadanngerouusworrld.

DThheywiillruulethheworrld.

第5部分分：补全短文文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短短文有5处空白，短短文后有6个句子，其其中5个取自短文文，请根据短短文内容将其其分别放回原原有位置，以以恢复文章原原貌。

MyLLifeaatRennda

Ileearneddveryyquiccklytthatbbeingateaachinggassiistantt（TA）atttheUnniverssityoofIowwawouuldbeediffferenttfrommbeinngatteacheeratRenmiinUniiversiity.

（46）Eyessstarring，moutthsoppen，studdentsexamiinedmmybiggnosee，whilleIwwaswrritinggmynnameoontheeblacckboarrd.

AtIIowa，whennmyffirstclasssesbeegan，halffofmmystuudentssstilllhaddn'taarriveed.Whhenevveryonnefinnallyfounddaseeat，ringgingccellphhonesandlloudyyawns（哈欠）inteerrupttedmyyopenningrremarkks.IttisnnotthhatAmmericaanstuudentsswereedisrrespecctful..（47）Theyyweree，howeever，farmoreskeptticalthanthesstudenntsIhadaatRennda.TThetrruthiisIccouldnn'tfaaulttthemfforthheirsskeptiicism..UndeergradduatessatllargeUSuniiversiities-esppecialllyfrreshmeenanddsophhomorees-ooftenhaveseverralcllassessaseemesteerhanndledbyTAAs.Innsomeecasees，theTAseetsthhecouurseccontennt.（48）Mostthaveegooddinteentionns，butveryfewaareasseffeectiveeaspprofesssors..

Everryteaacherhasttoconnfronttobsttaclesstollearniing-nomaatterwhatthecculturre.Sttudenttswhootalkkduriingleecturees，studdentswhoccheat，studdentswhoqquestiionthhegraadethheygeetforrapaaperoorprooject-deaalingwiththeseeisaallpaartoffthejob.（49）

Thediffeerencee，Ithhink，istthatiintheeUSIIhadtoswwallowwmoreeofmmypriide.（50）

Ihaadarresponnsibillityttoteaachthhem，ofccoursee，butIhaddtoddosoindirrectlyy-asaguiidewhhohimmselfhadaafewthinggstolearnnfrommthestudeents.

AInnmysstudennts'mminds，Ihaadlitttlettooffferthhem，exceeptpeerhapsssomeesampplequuestioonsfoortheemid--termexam..

BInnotheers，theTAwoorksaasaggraderranddiscuussionnleadder.

CIencouuntereedtheeseinnChinna，andIfaccedthheminntheUS.

DOnntheotherrhandd，beinngtauughtbbyaggraduaatesttudenttisnnotneecessaarilybad.

EMoostweerepoolite，oraatleaast，indiiffereent.

FBaackattRendda，Ihaadwallkediintommyfirrstcllassessfeellingllikeaaceleebrityy

第6部分分：完形填空空（第51～55题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短短文有15处空白，请请根据短文内内容为每处空空白确定一个个最佳选项。

SharrksPeerformmaSeerviceeforEarthh'sWaaters

Itiisharrdtogetppeopleetotthinkofshharksasannythinngbuttadeeadlyenemyy.Theeyareethouughttto（51）peopplefrrequenntly.Althooughtthesefishperfoormavaluaable（52）forearthh'swaatersandfforhuumanbbeingss，busiinessandssportfishiingarrethrreatenningttheir（53）。Asaaresuult，someesharrksarreatriskofdiisappeearinggfrommEartth.

Warmmweatthermmayinnfluennceboothfiishanndshaark（54）。Manyyfishhswimmnearrcoasstalaareasbecauuseofftheiir（55）wateers.EExperttssayysharrksmaayfolllowtthefiishinntothhesammeareeas，（56）peoppleallsoswwim.IInfacct，mosttsharrksdoonotpurpooselycharggeatorbiitehuumans..Theyyarethougghttoomisttakeaapersson（57）aseeaaniimal，suchhasaaseall（海豹）orssealiion.TThatiiswhyypeoppleshhouldnotsswimiintheeoceaanwheentheesungoesdownorcoomesuup，becaausetthosearetthetiimeswwhenssharkssarelookiingfoor（58）。Expeertsaalsossaythhatbrrightcolorrsanddshinnyjewwelry（珠宝）maycauseesharrkstooattaack.

Ashharkhhasannextrremelyy'gooodsennseoff（59），withhwhicchitcanffindssmallamounntsoffsubsstanceesinwaterr，suchhasbblood，bodyyliquuidsaandchhemicaals（60）byaanimalls.Thheseppowerffulseenseshelpsharkksfinndtheeirfoood.SSharksseatfish，any（61）sharkks，andplanttsthaatlivveintheoocean..

Mediicalrresearrchersswantttollearnmoreabouttthesharkk'sboodydeefenseeandimmunne（免疫的）（62）