高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题介绍

高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜想题介绍高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜想题介绍高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜想题介绍高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题分析解读：推理判断题察看学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。考生需尽量考虑文中的所有信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领悟作者的话中有话，并做出正确的推测，这是对文章深层次的掌握，属于高层次的阅读理解。即依据阅读资猜中所供给的已知信息，推测出未知部分。文章中没有明确的答案。要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要坚守自己的见解和见解。技巧点拨：常有发问方式：Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______?Thewritersuggeststhat______?Theauthorusestheexampleoftoshowthat______?What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward_______?Fromthestorywecanguess_______?Whatwouldhappenif_______?Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?What’sthetone语气oftheauthor?Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_____?Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?解答步骤：1）定位信息：经过寻读找到有关信息点。2）字面理解：理解有关信息点的字面意义。3）深层理解：联合语境和知识，在字面意义的基础进步行符合逻辑的推测，进而理解作者的话中有话。搅乱项的特色：1）但是原文的简单复述，而非推测出来的结论，把直接表达看作间接推理。2）看似从原文推测出来的结论，但是实质上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。3）依据考生已有的知识来看是正确的，但是却不是鉴于文章4）推理过头，引申过分。注意：有时作者并未把企图说出来，我们可依据字面意思，经过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的表示，来商酌作者的态度，进行深层理解。1典型例析：一．推测隐含意义：例：Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."Q：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.leasedpeopleB.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.练一练:Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛).”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“Im’movingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlord(房主)insiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_______.A．verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆虫)技巧：这种题干中平时含有infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(表示)等标记性词语。解题步骤：1,全面分析2,忠实原文3,不要选择表层信息二．推测作者见解或态度：例：ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessinteresting.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale-known‘s,adepartmentwellstore.Q：WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting练一练:Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(贿赂)，anddeath..Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Q:What’sauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreporting?A.ComplainB.ApologizeC.AdmiringD.Support技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推测出作者的意在言外。站在作者的立场或角度思虑答案。表示态度的形容词：(1)positive踊跃的(9)reserved(2)negative悲观的(10)indifferent充耳不闻的(3)optimistic乐观的(11)cautious慎重的(4)pessimistic悲观的(12)surprised吃惊的(5)objective客观的(13)sympathize怜悯的(6)subjective主观的(14)support支持的(7)admiring敬羡的(15)doubt思疑的2(8)critical责备的(16)approve赞成的（17）ironic嘲讽的（18）neutral中立的三．推测写作目的：例：“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.certainly“Thereaislotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem练一练:AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman’sbigfamily——hisparents,hisbrothers,theiryoungwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents’home,havingquarreled(吵嘴)withherhusband.Soontheelephantrefused(拒绝)toeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomen’shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.Q.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_______.A.showthatelephantsareveryclever主观臆想B.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife技巧：这种题的题干中常有purpose，或许后边接有目的的动词不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我们可以依据文章的要旨和体裁来判断作者的目的和态度。与写作目的对应的文章以下：（1）toentertainreaders(使读者欢欣、发笑)：常有于个人经历或故事类的文章。（2）topersuadereaders(说服读者接受某种见解)：常有于广告或议论文。toinformreaders(见告读者某些信息)：常有于新闻报导类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝说性或建议性文章。3）开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。简介有关事物——为了引出主题。列举详细案例——说明文段的主题温馨提示：身临其境站在作者的角度上想想四．推测文章出处：例：Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersin3need,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfrebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichupdatedisdaily.Q：Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________.A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram练一练:WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL·actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.·givesyouadailyweatherforecast.·remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomeworkBesides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q：wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?onamagzineinacompanyguidebookonateenagewebsiteinacollegenewspaper技巧：1.看文章体裁和题材：advertisement,news,poster,magazine,website,textbook,guidebook.经过文章内容，判断读者对象是谁。出现click（点击），来常常自website五．推测下文内容：例：Anotheroptionistosetthemup.Withanaccount(ofadebitcard(借记卡).Unlikecreditcard(信誉卡支)function

账户)atalocalbankthatoffersfreeuse),thedebitcardhasnooverdraft(透Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?furtherimformationaboutthedebitcardtheoverdraftfunctionsofadebitcardsmoredisadvantagesofcreditcardthekids’sattitudetowardsacreditcard技巧：关注最后一段的内容，特别是最后的两三句话。总结：怎样除去搅乱项：不可以以自己的见解取代作者的见解，要严格依据阅读资猜中所供给的信息进行推理；推理的依据来自于上下文；假如某选项中的内容是阅读资料的简单重复，那它一般不是推论，也就不是正确答案；4假如某选项所表达的内容与经验相符合，文中却没有波及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；假如某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不圆满，那也不是正确答案；6.文中的虚假语气和神态动词（should,must,may）常常能显现出作者的意在言外，这有助于我们确立正确答案；7.注意作者在文中的措辞，比方作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather则常带有否定的口气；某些过渡词（however,but,onthecontrary,what‘smore）后边所表达的内容常常能反应作者的见解和态度；第四节：阅读理解之猜想词义题分析解读：在阅读中我们常常会碰到很多生词。这时很多同学立刻翻阅字典，查找词义。这样做不单费时费劲，并且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体掌握。事实上，阅读资猜中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各样已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜想词义题旨在察看学生依据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的能力，突出察看对语境的分析和掌握能力。是阅读理解的必考题型，题干中平时含有mean，referto或许bereplacedby等。技巧点拨：常有发问方式：Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans______?Theunderlinedword“”couldbestbereplacedby_______?Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestmeaningtotheunderlinedword?Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean______?2．解题步骤：1）在文中找到线索或信息词2）依据四周熟习的词的逻辑关系（并列，转折，递进，比较，因果）来判断新单词的意思。3）依据上下文（即语境）判断新词汇在特定句中的意思。典型例析：练一练：猜想以下划线词的意思。1）Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank.资本，nor构造后的money，bankF2）Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.不帅气D3）Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.干旱B54）Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.准时E5）Youshouldn’thaveblamedhimforthat,becauseitwasn’thisfault.责备C6）Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.一种水果，椰子A总结：依据并列同列关系：一般来说，并列的几个事物应属同类事物，由此可推测此中一个的大体意思。依据同位或解说关系：看作者不可以必然读者可以理解他的意思时，他会用其他一种方式陈说自己的见解。往平时有的词有：means,is,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitanotherway,which.依据因果关系：常有关系词有：because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore,sothat.D.依据反义词关系：看转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等，或许看与not搭配等表示否认意义的词语。E.依据转折或比较关系：由上下句之间的转折或比较关系来推测词义，常有词有：unlike,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,though,insteadof,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary。依据近义词关系：看由and或or连结的同义词词组，或许看在进一步解说的过程中使用的同义词。练一练：Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle——thatis,itwillbreakeasily.A.易碎的B.深重的C.雅观的D.合用的Allhisattemptstotheunclockdoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.空费的C.有效的D.急促的Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.A.变好B.恶化C.改变D.上涨Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic5.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibits(展览)inoneday.A.smallB.largeC.dullD.interesting6.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”A.喧华B.说大话C.调皮D.天真6实战操练：AForthefirst19monthsofherlifeHelenKellerwasabletoseeandhear.Butthenasickness(疾病)struck.Shebecamecompletelyblindanddeaf.Fortherestorherlifeshewasneverabletoseeorhear.Andthesicknessstruckwhenshewasababybeforeshelearnedtotalk.Herworldwastotallydarkandsilent.Forthefirstsevenyearsofherlifeshewasalmostlikeawildanimal.Hermotherandfathercouldnotcontrol(控制)her.Shescreamed(尖声叫唤)andkickedandstruggledandcried.Finallyherparentssentforateacher.HernamewasAnnSullivan.Sheherselfhadoncebeenblind.ShequicklysawthatfirstshehadtoteachHelenhowtoobeyandhowtocontrolheranger.ShespeltoutwordsinHelen’shand.Helencouldn’tseeorhearsoshelearnbytouchingandfeeling.ShelearnedtoreadbooksinBraille(盲字).Helenalsolearnedforeignlanguage:French,German,LatinandGreek.Shelearnedtowriteandtospeak.Shecouldrideahorse,swim,rowaboat,climbtrees.ShewenttocollegeandAnnSullivanwentwithher.WithMissSullivan’shelp,HelenKellerfinishedcollegewithhighhonor.Shebecameateacher,writerandlecturer.Herlifeisaninspiration(激励),notjusttotheblindandthedeafbuttopeopleeverywhere.HelenKellerwasabletoseeandhearonlyfor______months.A.nineB.ninetyC.nineteenD.ninthForthefirstsevenyearsofherlife,Helenwasalmostlike“awildanimal”thissentencemeans_____shewasaverynaughtygirlshelivedwithanimalsforalongtimeshewasneverabletoseeorhear,soshewasveryboredandangryshelikedanimalsverymuchAnnSullivanwasHelen’s______A.motherB.teacherC.sisterD.classmate4.Helenlearnedby_______A.touchingandfeelingB.listeningandspeakingC.smellingandfeelingD.readingbooksThelastsentencetellsus_______We’dbetterlearnbytouchingandfeelingHelenisaheroonlyfortheblindanddeafC.EveryonecouldlearnalotfromHelenKellerHelenKellerhadaterriblelife.Keysare:CCBACBAmericanshaveusedcolourstomakemanyexpressionstheyuseeveryday.Wesayyou’re“inthepink”whenweareingoodhealth.Itiseasytounderstandhowthisexpressionwasborn.Whenmyfacehasanicefresh,pinkcolour,itisasignmyhealthisgood.Thecolourgreenisnaturalfortrees,itisanunnaturalcolourforhumans.Whensomeonedoesn’tfeelwell.someonewhoisseasock,forexample.wesayhelooksgreen.Whensomeoneisangrybecausehedoesn’thavewhatsomeoneelsehas,wesayheis“greenwithenvy(忌妒)”.Somepeopleare“greenwithenvy”becausesomeoneelsehasmoredollars,or“greenbacks”.Dollarsarecalledgreenbackbecausethat’sthecolourofthebacksideofthemoney.Blueisacoolercolour.ThetraditionalbluemusicofAmericanblacksistheoppositeofredhotmusic.Itisslow,sadandsoulful.Tobeblue,ofcourse,istobesad.Thecolourblackisoftenusedinexpressions.Peopledescribeadayinwhicheverythinggoeswrongasa“blackday”.A“blacksheep”isthememberofafamilyorgroupwhoalwaysseemstobeintrouble.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,somethingmightunluckyhappentohim.Notallthe“black”expressionshadbadmeanings.Abusiness“,forinexample,theblackismaking”money.Acompany“inthered”islosingmoney.Ifsomeonetellsyoutoputsomething“inblackandwhite”,theywantyoutowriteitdown.7Afterreadingthepassage,wecaninferifsomeone“looksgray”,he_______A.lookswellB.mayneedtoseedoctorC.ishealthyD.ishappyAmericandollarshave_______backside.A.pinkB.greenC.blueD.redWhichworddescribesthebluemusic?A.FastB.SadC.HotD.CheerfulMybrotherisa_______,everyonedoesn’tlikehim.A.ablackhorseB.ablackcatC.ablackdogD.ablacksheepWhichofthefollowingisTrue?A.Acompanysurelylikestobe“inthered.”B.Abusiness“intheblack”,ismakingmoneyC.Allthe“black”expressionhavebadmeaningsD.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,hemightluckysoon.Keysare:BBBDBCAlittleboyinvitedhismothertoattendhiselementaryschool’sfirstteacher-parentmeeting.Tothelittleboy’sfear,shesaidshewouldgo.Thiswouldbethefirsttimethathisclassmatesandteachermethismotherandhewasembarrassed(窘况的)byherface.Althoughshewasabeautifulwoman,therewasabigscar(伤疤)thatcoverednearlythewholerightsideofherface.Theboyneverwantedtotalkaboutwhyorhowshegotthescar.Atthemeeting,thepeopleweremovedbythekindnessandnaturalbeautyofhismotherDespite(不论)thescar,butthelittleboywasstillembarrassedandhidhimselffromeveryone.Hedid,however,heheardthemspeaking.“Howdidyougetthescaronyourface?”theteacherasked.Themotheranswered,“Whenmysonwasababy,hewasinaroomthatcaughtonfire.Everyonewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewasoutofcontrol,soIwentin.AsIwasrunningtowardhisbed,IsawabeamcomingdownandIplacedmyselfoverhimtryingtoprotecthim.Iwasknockedunconsciousbutluckily,afiremancameinandsavedbothofus.”Shetouchedtheburnedsideofherface.“Thisscarwillbeforever,buttothisday,IhaveneverregretteddoingwhatIdid.”Atthispoint,thelittleboycameoutrunningtowardhismotherwithtearsinhiseyes.Hehuggedherandfeltalmostasacrifice(牺牲)oflifethathismotherhadmadeforhim.Heheldherhandtightlyfortherestoftheday.Theboywas_____whenhismothersaidshewouldgototheschool.A.pleasedB.afraidC.excitedD.boredWhatwashismotherlike?ShewasuglyShewasgood—lookingShewasbeautifuldespiteabigscaronherrightsideoffaceD.Thewriterdidn’ttellusHowdidhismothergetthescaronherface?ShehurtherfaceinantrafficaccidentSomethingwaswrongwithherfaceskinShewashitbysomeoneontheface.Herfacewashurtwhileshewassavinghersoninahouseonfire.Fromthemother’swords,weknow_______A.shefeltsorryaboutthescarB.shewasfrustratedaboutthescarC.shewassatisfiedwiththescarD.shethoughtthescarworthwhile(值得的)Fromthelastparagraph,itcanbeinferredthat_________theboywasstillembarrassedtheboywouldlovehismothermorethanbeforeC.theboywaspleasedwithhismother’sscar8D.theboywasafraidtoseehismother’sscarKeysare:BCCDDBD