四级冲刺班写作讲义

四级写作冲刺班主讲教师：石雷鹏课程介绍第一章、四级写作概况第二章、冲刺提分方略第三章、冲刺话题预测第四章、翻译冲刺攻略第一章、四级写作概况1.1试题形式2008年12月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofLimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛地使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义审题注意三个事项：1.英文指令：体裁+话题2.汉语提纲：英汉结合猜测生词3.字数：140-160词1.2写作话题2011-06:OnlineShopping2010-12:

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?2010-06:

DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling2009-12:

CreatingaGreenCampus2009-06:

FreeAdmissiontoMuseums2008-12:LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags2008-06:RecreationalActivities2007-12:WhatElectivestoChoose

2007-06:WelcometoOurClub2006-12:OnSpringFestivalGala四级写作话题总结：1.非最热点话题2.四级必考话题：社会话题和大学生（教育）话题网络购物、博物馆、塑料袋、春晚家长溺爱、单词拼写、绿色校园、选修课、大学生俱乐部1.3作文类型论说文：9次应用文：1次图表作文：0次1.4写作测试的特殊性以TOEFL为例：环境类话题a.在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？b.你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？c.你的职业梦想是什么？d.如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？e.如果你有一笔钱，你会用它来做什么？再以四级考试为例：题目：OnEnglishLearning提纲：1.英语学习很重要2.英语者所面临的困难3.如何学好英语Incontemporaryworld,Englishlearninghasgainedgreatpopularityanditisofgreatsignificance.(主题句)Firstly,basedonasurvey,amajorityoftouristsacknowledgethattheyprefertospeakEnglishwhentravelingaroundtheworld.(调查法表述)Secondly,comparedwiththepoorEnglishspeakers,goodEnglish-speakersaresuperiorinmanyways.(比较模板句式)However,Englishlearnersmayhaveavarietyofdifficultiesortroublesintheirlearning.(主题句)Forexample,itcanbenoticedthat

alargenumberofstudentshavedifficultymemorizingwords.Sometimes,itisdifficultforthemtounderstandtherulesofgrammar.Inaddition,thoughsomearegoodatreadingorwriting,theycannotexpressthemselvesfreelyinEnglish.Then,howtogetagoodcommandof(学好)thislanguage?Iamconvincedthatpracticemakesperfect.Onlypracticecanenableonetospeakandwritefluently.Anditisalsothroughpracticethat

onecanmastertherulesofgrammarandrememberwords,andthereisnootherway.(强调句式）以上范文灵活改编可以写如下作文1992-6

：HowIOvercamemyDifficultiesinLearningEnglish1.你在英语学习中有哪些困难?2.你是如何克服这些困难的?1993-61.我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是…...2.这类节目的内容和特点3.我喜欢它的原因1994-61.人们对职业各有不同的理想2.我理想的职业是什么3.我怎样为我理想的职业做准备1997-11.怎样理解“熟能生巧”?2.例如：在英语学习中…3.又如…2000-1

：HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)2000-6：IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是…2.也有人持不同意见...3.我的看法和打算2003.6：1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……2003.121.建议报考的专业及理由2.报考该专业的基本条件3.应当如何备考2005.11.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么2005年6月1.向老师致以节日祝贺。2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献。3.我如何回报老师的关爱2006-061.校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。2.本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。3.报名条件及联系方式2007年6月：欢迎辞，Welcometoourclub1.

表达你的欢迎；2.

对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍2007年12月1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例…2010年6月：DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。2.出现这种情况的原因。3.如何避免这一问题请记住内容上：熟悉什么就写什么神马内容你最熟悉？赠言：尽最大努力（Tryyourutmost）

得最大成功（Achievegreatersuccess）冲刺总体方略：背写：单词标点一个都不错。第二章、冲刺提分方略2.1功能段落写作法概论冲刺阶段，背诵模板不是最有效的方法，因为模板的写作思路是固定的，然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。但是，无论四级写作话题如何变化，一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落，就做到了紧扣主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落。是以，提出“功能段落写作法”的冲刺提分方略。因此，掌握好六种功能段落，也就掌握了所有作文的写作。2.2功能段落破解写作2011-06Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议2010-12Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……

2010-06Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写

2.出现这种情况的原因

3.为了改变这种状况，我认为…

2009-12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……2009-06Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofFreeAdmissiontoMuseums.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？2008-12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags.

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义2008-06

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofRecreationalActivities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.娱乐活动多种多样，2.娱乐可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性，3.作为大学生，我的看法。六种功能段落总结建议观点（利弊）意义（利）现象危害（弊）原因篇章层面：六种功能段落的排列组合1.问题解决型：2010年6月、2010年12月2.观点对比型（利弊分析）：2011年6月3.现象阐述型：2009年12月2.3观点对比型作文必背段落组成：现象+利弊+建议2011-06:OnlineShopping1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚现象描述段：思路：引出话题+具体描述Incontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforindividualstopurchasevariousgoodsfromtheInternet.Inthemeanwhile,anincreasingnumberofpeoplefinditconvenientandinexpensivetodoso.Takingalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyshoppingwebsites:Taobao,DangdangandAmazon.2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题（利）Anumberofpeoplefavoronlineshopping.Intheireyes,withoutit,itisimpossibleforthemtostayathomeandgettheirfavoriteclothes,booksandsoon.Inaddition,theyarguethatshoppingonlinecanhelpthemexpandtheirscopeofshoppingchoicesandenrichtheirlife.(下页续)（接上页）(弊)

Evenso,othersholdadifferentviewthatonlineshoppingcarriessomerisks.Firstly,itcallsfortime,energyandmoneytoshoponline;however,thequalityofgoodsisnotalwaysassatisfactoryasexpected.Besides,whatworriesmanyshoppersisthattheirprivateinformationmaybestolenandmisused.3．我的建议（主题句）Asacustomer,Iamconvincedthattherearevariouswaysinwhichwecanenhanceonlineshopping.（建议1）First,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedoutandenforcedtoregulatetheonlinetransactions.（建议2）Then,weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourfriends,classmates,andacquaintancestobealertwhenshoppingonline.（展望未来）Ifwetryourutmosttodoso,thefutureofshoppingonlinewillbepromising,hopefulandrosy.完美写作冲刺法：第一步：背写：思路+表达第二步：翻译：英译汉汉译英对比第三步：限时训练：写改对比2.4问题解决型必背范文Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……

两个提纲三个提纲三个功能段落1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.该现象产生原因

3.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……首段现象描述：1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切(主题句)Incontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeatrend

formanyparentstodoeverythingfortheirkids:food,clothes,tuition,andevenmarriage.(事实描述)Inthemeanwhile,anincreasingnumberofchildrenfinditdifficultortroublesometoliveontheirownwithoutparents.(举例描述)Takingalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyparentsandchildrenlikethis.

现象、原因、建议、危害、利弊分析逻:一个中心，四个基本点：以孩子（学生、事件）为中心，以家长（老师、相关人员）、家庭（学校、管理机构）、社会、法规（道德意识）为基本点孩子家长社会法规（道德意识）家庭学生老师社会法规（道德意识）学校网络购物买方:顾客社会法规（道德意识）卖方2.该现象产生原因(主题句)Itisevidentthatthecausesofthisphenomenonisdiverse.(原因1：家庭)Tobeginwith,thechangeoffamilystructureistherootcause.(原因1体现)Atypicalexampleofthisisthatinmostfamilies,thereisonlyonechildwhoislovedbynotonlyparents,butalsograndparents.(原因2)Inaddition,theincorrectsenseof

parents‘loveconstitutesanothermajorcause.(原因2体现)Tobespecific,asparents,theyareconvincedthatlovingmeansgivingchildrenalltheywant.万能原因补充：1.Inaddition,socialprejudice/ignorance/emphasis/concernplaysacriticalroleinthismatter/issue.2.Furthermore,therelatedpolicybeingcarriedoutinChina(doesnot)enables____toattachimportanceto_____.3.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……(主题句)Therearevariouswaysinwhichparentscanhelptheirteenagerstobeindependent.(建议1)First,itissuggestedthatparentsshouldstrengthentheawarenessoflovingchildrenappropriately.(建议2)Then,theyshouldeducate,advocateandencouragetheirkidstodealwiththeirownproblemsindependentlyinlifeandstudy.(展望未来)Ifallparentscantrytheirutmosttodoso,thefutureofournextgenerationwillbehopeful,promisingandrosy.2.5现象阐述型范文(参考)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…（现象段：描述）3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…（建议段）CreatingaGreenCampus1.建设绿色校园很重要（意义段：利）Theideaof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesepeople,anditisofgreatsignificanceforuniversitiestobuildgreencampuses.Withoutgreenenvironment,itisimpossibleforcollegestudentstohaveanenjoyablelifeintheIvoryTower.Inaddition,greencampusmaybroaden/consolidatestudents’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…（现象段：描述）主题句：Inadditiontothegreenenvironment,greencampusesalsorefertostudents’behaviorsorethics.However,(举例)takingalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyexamplesofinappropriatebehaviors：(下页续)（接上页）(排比)somediscardlitterseverywhere;somestudentscheatintests;somewastefoodoncanteens;somearealwayslateforclasses;someguysevenwatchpornographicorviolentfilmsindorms.

Infact,ithasbecomeatrendformanystudentstoturnablindeyetotheirownbadacts.

3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…（建议段）(主题句)Accordingly,itisimperativeforustotakemeasurestomaintaingreencampuses.(建议1法规)First,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedouttobanthesenegativebehaviors.(建议2发动群众)Then,weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourclassmates,friendsandacquaintancestorefusealluncivilizedacts.(未来展望)

Ifwetryourbesttodoso,thefutureofourcollegelifewillbehopeful,promisingandrosy.2.6高分冲刺细节1.内容相关（按照提纲要求、涵盖要点信息）2.结构清晰（新闻联播三段论：主题句+拓展句）3.语言精彩（通顺、连贯、句子结构词多变）2.7语言第一位通顺、连贯、句子结构词多变2.7.1连贯：1)句子衔接：and,but,so;however,nonethelessTheideaof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesepeople.Itisofgreatsignificanceforuniversitiestobuildgreencampuses.Theideaof“GreenLife”hasgainedwidepopularityamongChinesepeople,anditisofgreatsignificanceforuniversitiestobuildgreencampuses.2)逻辑衔接：起承转合起：Incontemporarysociety,onmanycampuses,currently,first,tobeginwith,firstandforemost,firstofall承：Second,Third,Last,Next,Then,finally,meanwhile,inaddition,furthermore,besides,inthefirst/secondplace,foronething,foranother,lastbutnottheleast转：However,but,onthecontrary,Ontheotherhand,yet,although,bycontrast,while,whereas,instead,nevertheless,otherwise合：（因此)Asaresult,Therefore,Thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asconsequence,asaresult;(总之)：Inaword,Inshort,onthewhole,inconclusion,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,

中英文文篇章结构：以汉语四六级阅读为例天涯远不远？不远！人就在天涯，天涯怎么会远？明月是什么颜色？是蓝的，就像海一样蓝，一样深，一样忧郁。明月在那？就在他的心，他的心就是明月。题目：概括本段中心思想2.7.2遣词广度：avarietyof…1）同义词2）同根词3）范畴词：上义词下义词相关词4）代词替换深度：弃用第一反应词academicexceedingly,extremely,intensely替换veryanarmyof/agreatmany/ahostof替换alotofAdvancement替换developmentpositive,favorable,promising(有希望的),perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换goodgiveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换cause.harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,替think(因为是书面语,所以要加that)beneficial,rewarding替换helpful,

bearinmindthat替换rememberenjoy,possess替换haveshopper,client,consumer,purchaser,替换customer2.7.2造句被动句状语从句定语从句名词从句同位语：身份Itis句式设问强调句式排比V-ing状语2.8考场写作时间安排总计：30分钟1.审题:识别提纲功能2-3分钟2.以关键词形式打草稿3-4分钟3.正文写作18-20分钟4.检查修正2-3分钟：单复数、时态、语态、拼写2.以关键词形式打草稿3-4分钟例题：OnTVShows1.时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎2.有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对3.我的看法1.时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎关键词：trend,examplesTrendIncontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeatrendformanyTVchannelstoholdavarietyofTVtalentshows.ExamplesTakingalookaround,wecanfindahostofexampleslikethis:SuperGirls,China'sGotTalentandsoon.

第三章、冲刺话题预测3.1志愿者活动Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnVolunteering.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.越来越多的人从事志愿者工作2.志愿者工作对需要帮助的人和社会都有好处，对志愿者自身也有好处3.我的看法。首段现象描述：Incontemporarysociety,ithasbecomeaprevalenttrendforChinesepeople,especiallytheyoungsters,totakepartinvariousvoluntaryactivities.Taking/Turningalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyvoluntaryactions:voluntaryteachers,OlympicGamesvolunteersandsoon.志愿者活动意义：Apparentlyenough,itisofgreatimportance/significance/value/benefitsforyoungpeopletogetinvolvedinsocialvoluntaryservices.First,theseactivitieswilldefinitelyenhancetheover-alldevelopmentoftheharmonioussociety.Second,volunteerscanenrichtheirsocialexperienceandbroadentheirvision/horizoninthisprocess.Last,withoutvolunteers,itisimpossibleforpeoplewhoareinneedtogetaid/assistancetimely.Infact,peopleinmountingnumbershavecometorealizethesignificanceofvolunteers.

我的看法：Asacollegestudent,Iamfirmlyconvincedthat

allpeopleareadvisabletoparticipateinvoluntaryactivities.Firstly,itisessentialthatlaws/regulations/rulesshouldbemade/workedouttosupportvolunteers.Secondly,weshouldadvocate,educateandencourageourfriends,classmates,andacquaintancestooffervoluntaryservicestosociety.Ifwetryourutmosttodoso,thefutureofoursocietywillbepromising,hopefulandrosy.3.2电视选秀Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnTVShows.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.时下电视真人秀（如超级女声、达人秀）非常受欢迎2.有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对3.我的看法首段：描述现象Incontemporarysociety,TVtalentshowshavegainedwidepopularityamongaudience,anditishasbecomeatrendformanyTVchannelstoholdsuchprograms.Typicalexamplesinclude:SuperGirls,China’sGotTalentandtheforth.Thousandsofpeopleareattractedtoparticipateinsuchshows.2.有人认为这类节目很好，可以展现自己，分享阅历，有人反对利弊分析二段：前半段（利）：(设问)Whyareagreatmanypeopleinterestedinsuchprograms?Supportersharborthisidea:(排比)theseshowsbroadentheiropportunitiestoenrichtheirlife,tosharetheirexperienceandtoshowtheirspecialty.后半段（弊）：Evenso,othersholdadifferentviewthatTVshowscarrysomedoubts.Theycriticizethem,arguingthattheseshowsmeanawasteoftime,moneyandenergy.Inaddition,whatworriesmanyparentsisthattheirchildren’studymaybedisturbedbytheseshows,sincekidsoftenpourmuchattentiononthem.3.我的看法观点：支持=利；反对=弊Byandlarge,theadvantagesderivedfromtheseshowsfaroutweighthedisadvantages.SincetheybringhappinesstothoseparticipantsandmostoftheTVaudience,theyareexpectedtobecontinued.3.我的看法观点：中立型Obviously,TV

shows,likeanythingelse,havemorethanoneside.Whiletheyareindispensableforsomeaudience,theyalsoresultinsomeproblems.Itisonlyhopedthatwe,whiletakingfulladvantageofTVshows,canfindsatisfactorysolutionstotheproblems.3.3扶不起的社会Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofToHelporNottoHelp?.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.帮助别人是一种美德2.但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦3.我的看法1.帮助别人是种美德Incontemporarysociety,itshouldbeavirtueforindividuals

toofferhelptothosewhoareinneed.Withoutthismorality,itisimpossibleforthesocietytobenamed“Harmony”.Apparentlyenough,itisofgreatimportance/significance/value/benefitsforpeopletohelpeachother,especiallyindifficulties.2.有时帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦However,ahostofpeoplefindithardortroublesometoofferhelpstostrangers.Wehavebeenfrequentlyinformedthat（Atypicalexampleisthat）awarmheartedman--wholendsahandtoanoldlady—getshimselfintrouble.(Consequently,basedonarecentreport,aminorityofpeopleadmitthat

theyarenotwillingtoofferaidwhentheoldmanorwomanfallsdownonstreet.)Sincehelpingothersmaytriggertrouble,afewpeoplerefusetoofferhelptimely.Andifwelet/allowthissituationtocontinueasitisnow,wewouldnotknowwhere

civilizedsocietywillbeintheforthcomingfuture.

3.我的看法(或建议)Ascollegestudents,weshouldbearinmindthisvirtue.However,itisessentialthatregulationsshouldbeworkedouttosupportthisvirtue.Inaddition,itissuggestedthatweshouldofferaidtostrangersinasafeway,suchasdialing12oor110forhelp.(后续)3.我的看法(或建议)(接前)Then,weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourclassmates,friendsandacquaintancestobebothwarmheartedandalert.Ifwetryourutmosttodoso,thefutureofoursociety/civilizationwillbepromising,hopefulandrosy.四级翻译冲刺主讲教师：石雷鹏四级翻译冲刺1.命题形式特点2.评分细则展示3.快速破题攻略4.考点枚举解析1.命题形式1.1命题形式时间5分钟，5道题全部为汉译英，占5%，共36分。在答题卡2上作答。句长为15至30个词，其中有部分英语词汇给出,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，考生只需按照英文句子意思把汉语部分翻译成英文。2.考题特点①考点的生活化②考点的重复性③考点的陷阱性①考点的生活化2007-06：89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete ________________________(决定退出比赛).答案：decidedtoquitthematch2010-06:91.Theyrequestedthat____________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.答案：booksIborrowed(should)bereturnedtothelibraryI(should)returnthebookIborrowedtothelibrary

②考题的重复性：考点直接重复2006-06：87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble________(找到去历史博物馆的路).答案：findingtheway/roadtotheHistoryMuseum.2010-06:87.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficulty__________________(集中注意力在实验上).

答案：(in)concentratingontheexperiment/

focusingherattentionontheexperiment.2009-06:87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad

(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.答案：difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisclassmates②考题的重复性：考点与题干重复07-12:89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,

（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.2009-12:88.Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever______________(放弃对知识的追求).2010-06:91.The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespite__________________(她父母的强烈反对).③考点的陷阱性2007-65.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_____________________(如果你方便的话).ifyouareconvenientforyou(×)答案：ifitisconvenientforyou应对策略：切忌逐字翻译2011-0690.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit__________________(接电话的却是他的助手).答案：washisassistantwhoansweredthephone.

2.评分细则例1：Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely_______(把孩子的成功归因于)naturaltalent.1．整体内容和语言均正确，满分。2．结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得一半分值。3．整体意思正确但语言有错误，得一半分值。4．整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5．大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。该题目有两个固定搭配考点：1)belikelytodosth;2)owe…to/attribute…to答案：toattribute/owetheirchildren’ssuccessto3.快速破题攻略第一步：浏览句子、判定考点第二步：判定动词、切块翻译第三步：结构组合、检查修正关注三方面：词性、单复数、动词（时态、语态、语气）4.考点枚举解析宏观两大考点：①核心语法②固定搭配（词汇）①核心语法被动、从句知识（名从、状从、定从）、倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、强调结构实例1：2010-690．Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner______________(要安装在窗户旁).【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气和被动的掌握。(should)befixed/installedbythewindow例2：(大纲样题)2.Notonly___________________________(他向我收费过高),buthedidn’tdoagoodrepairjobeither.didhechargemetoomuchdidheoverchargeme语法考点：1.被动2006-0691.Thoughaskilledworker,

__________(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.第一步：由Thoughaskilledworker,lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.可以推出，划线处应该补全完整主句，时态由lastweek确定为一般过去时态。第二步：1.切块翻译：“解雇”=befired(注意被动)；“他”=he；“公司”=company2.重新组合：

[正确答案]：hewasfiredbythecompanyfiredismiss2008-0687.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch____________(能应用于新技术的开发).考点：固定搭配和被动语态“applyto”canbeappliedtothedevelopmentofthenewtechnology

2010-1288.Themagnificentmuseum_______(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago.【结构分析】主语为thesignificantmuseum，谓语（据说建成于）aboutahundredyearsago为时间状语。

【考点】①被动语态:主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系;且bulid这一动作发生在过去。②据说besaidto；besaidto+动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。【答案】：issaidtohavebeenbuilt

语法考点：2.定语从句定从翻译步骤：a.写出正确简单句，并确定中心话题(名词)b.中心话题后加入定从，关系词：

who/whose/which/where/when；若关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略。2007-0688.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis______________(我们可以合作的领域).

第一步：浏览句子，判定考点：定语从句第二步：1.补充完成主句，注意单复数….thefield,

2.

完成定语从句写作：判定动词,切块翻译答案：thefieldwherewecancooperate或者：thefieldinwhichwecancooperate

2010-1291.Theyrequestedthat__________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.books(thatIborrowed)shouldbereturnedtothelibrary语法考点：3.名词性从句a.宾语从句b.主语从句c.表语从句d.同位语从句宾语从句2007-1291.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,

andtheirqualityoflife________（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.衡量：measure错误答案：ismeasuredbyhowmuchcanthey

borrow.正确答案ismeasuredbyhowmuchthey

can

borrow.b.主语从句2008-12：88.

(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.所字结构=what从句（what在从句中作宾语）Whatmostparentsareconcernedabout2009-0690.

(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.90.Whatmanypeopledon’trealize使字结构=what从句（what在从句中做主语）写作常用句式：Ithinkthat=whatconvincesmeisthat

2010-1290._____________________(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople.What

impressedtouriststhemost

语法考点：4.状语从句状语从句：让步、时间、条件、目的、原因、地点、结果、方式和比较小重点：让步状语从句a.nomatter+what/who/when/where/howwhat/who/when/where/how+ever区分：NomatterwhatVSwhatever

Nomatterwhat:只能充当状语Whatever:引导名词性从句或状语从句简单办法：有逗号=nomatterwhat

无逗号=whatever2007-1289.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,________________________（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.参考答案：nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIhavetomake2008-689.Leavingone’sjob,__________(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.89.Leavingone’sjob,__________(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.【解析】第一步：待译内容是让步状语(从句)。“不管是什么”可以译作nomatterwhat或whatever。第二步：切块（翻译）组合：nomatterwhatjobitisnomatterwhatthejobiswhateverjobitis2．(无论谁在这抽烟)willbepunished.(主语从句)答案：Whoeversmokeshere（不能用nomatterwho）语法考点：5.倒装在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序(NaturalOrder).反之,如果谓语在主语前面,就是倒装语序(InvertedOrder).倒装原因：语法结构的需要；强调。倒装语序全部倒装部分倒装FullInversionPartialInversion部分(半)倒装:(一般疑问句语序)a.表否定的副词或短语位于句首，主句半倒装Iwillneveragree.

NeverwillIagree.

HardlycanIagree.notuntil,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,neither,little,innocase(决不),此外：onnoaccount,bynomeans,rarely,undernocircumstances,undernocondition,innoway(决不),neither…(nor),nosooner…(than),hardly…(when),barely(仅仅，几乎不),innocircumstances(决不),notabit,nowhere,notonly…butalso。(大纲样题)Notonly_____________(他向我收费过高),buthedidn’tdoagoodrepairjobeither.正常语序：hechargedmetoomuch答案：didhechargemetoomuchdidheoverchargeme2010-0688.Themanagerneverlaughed;neither___________(她也从来没有发过脾气)didshelosehertemper.didshebecomeangry.语法考点：虚拟语气a.

(should)+动词原形的情形b.

if或butfor等引导的条件句c.

wish,ifonly的用法a1.

(should)+动词原形的情形:表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”名词性从句：动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,resolve,argue,maintain,determine,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等。3.Theprofessorrequiredthat

_______(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.第一步：由Theprofessorrequiredthat_____

,可以推出，划线处应该填写句子，并且是虚拟语气。第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“交”=handin；“研究报告”=researchreports（名词注意单复数）；“我们”we2.重新组合：[正确答案]：we(should)handin（submit）ourresearchreportsb.

if或butfor等引导的条件区别：if引导从句

butfor=without:加名词、代词、动名词b1:if引导的虚拟语气

条件从句

结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(haddone)wouldhavedone与将来事实相反一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形a.与现在的事实相反：[If---+were/did---,---+would/mightdo---]如果我爸是李刚，我相撞谁撞谁。IfmyfatherwereLiGang,IwouldcollidewithanyoneIlike.2.与过去的事实相反：[If---+haddone---,---+would/mighthavedone---]如果我生于比尔盖茨家族，我将会买好几辆公交车。IfIhadbeenborninBillGates’,Iwouldhaveboughtseveralbusesasmyprivatecars.3.与将来的事实可能相反：[If---+should/weretodo---,---+would/shoulddo---]假如世界末日在2012年到来，我会…Ifthedoomsdayweretocomein2012,Iwould…3.Thevictim

_______(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.第一步：由Thevictim

ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。第2步：1.切块对应翻译：“本来有机会------”=wouldhaveachancetodos