高等学校英语二级B级考试(共5篇-第2篇)-虚拟语气详解

虚拟语气用法详解DirectedbyKang

虚拟语气是一种用来表示假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能或空想等的一种语气。或违背事实情况的假设。什么是虚拟语气？一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法if从句的动词形式主句的动词形式与现在相反的假设过去式(be的过去式一般用were)shouldwouldmight+动词原形could与过去相反的假设

had+过去分词shouldwouldmight+have+过去分词could与将来相反的假设1、过去式(be一般用were)2、should+动词原形3、wereto+动词原形shouldwouldmight+动词原形could请看下列例句：与现在相反:

IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Ishould/couldringhimup.与将来相反:

Ifitshouldrain,wewouldn’tgoout.Ifheweretogotothemoontomorrow,Iwouldalsofollowhimthere.与过去相反:

Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavesucceeded.IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shewould/mighthavecomeifshehadn’tbeensobusy.注①：在虚拟条件从句中，如果有had,should,were时，在正式或书面语中，可以将if省略，而将以上三个词移至主语之前，如：Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Hadyoubeenmorecareful,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.WereIinyourposition,Iwouldnotgiveup.WereItodoit,Ishouldrelyonyou.注②：有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整，这种句子称为“错综时间条件句”，如：Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycoldtoday.(过去---现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothetheatreyesterday.(现在---过去)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.(过去---现在)注③有时，假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语、分词短语、上下文等其他方式表现出来，这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”，如：Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.Meetinganywhereelse,wewouldn’thaverecognizedeachother.Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.二、虚拟语气在其他从句或句型中的用法1、在宾语从句中：①在表示建议、命令、要求、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”。这类动词有：advise,ask,beg,decide,demand,determine,insist,command,order,desire,prefer,plan,request,require,suggest,propose等。例如：Iproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplans.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendadelegationtotheircountry.Iinsistedthatwe(should)decidewhattodowithhim.二、虚拟语气在其他从句或句型中的用法1、在宾语从句中：注意：这类动词后的宾语从句是否要用虚拟语气，关键取决于这些词所表示的意思，只有在从句内容表现为主句主语主观上让某人去做某事这一意向时，才使用“(should+)动词原形”这种虚拟形式。下列句子不表示“主观意向”，所以不用虚拟语气：Themaninsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithwhatyouhaddone.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe(should)haveamedicalexamination.二、虚拟语气在其他从句或句型中的用法1、在宾语从句中：②在动词wish之后的宾语从句中，也常用虚拟语气。其动词形式为：（ａ）与现在的事实相反用过去式；（ｂ）与过去的事实相反用过去完成式；（ｃ）与将来的事实可能相反用过去将来式，例如：IwishIknewtheanswer.HowIwishitwasn’training!IwishIwere/wasasstrongasyou.Wewishwehadpaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation.Shewishesshehadn’tsaidanythingunpleasant.Iwishyouwould/couldcometothepartytomorrowevening.2、在表语从句和同位语从句中：

当表示建议、命令、要求、决心等动词的同源名词作主语，以that引导的从句作表语时，从句要用虚拟语气；上述名词之后的同位语从句也要用虚拟语气，这时句子都表示主观意向。这些名词有：plan,order,advice,suggestion,demand,request,decision,proposal,以及idea,opinion,motion等。虚拟形式为：(should+)动词原形，例如：Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforadoctor.Myadviceisthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)befirsttogo.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?Hisonlyrequestisthatyou(should)givehimmoretime.3、在主语从句中：①

It+be+形容词+that从句

其中表语多为necessary,important,essential,better,best等表示说话人态度或愿望的形容词，这时句子含有建议、命令、要求等主观意向。虚拟形式为“（should+）动词原形”，如：Itisessentialthathe(should)beherebytheweekend.Itisbestthathe(should)setoffatonce.Itisimportantthateverybody(should)betoldallthefacts.Itwillbebetterthatwemeetsomeothertime.Itisnecessarythathecomewithoutdelay.3、在主语从句中：②

It+be+形容词或名词词组+that从句

其中表语多为strange,surprising,impossible,incredible,natural,right,unfortunate等形容词或apity,ashame,nowonder,nosurprise等名词词组，这时句子表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾、惋惜、怀疑、不满等感情色彩。虚拟形式为“should+动词原形”或“should+have+过去分词”，如：It’sstrangethatnooneshouldhaveobjectedtotheplan.Itismostunfortunatethatsheshouldhavemadesuchamistake.It’sapitythatheshouldrefusetoaccepttheoffer.It’squitenaturalthatheshouldthinkso.It’ssurprising(that)Petershouldhavewonthefirstplace.3、在主语从句中：③

It+be+过去分词+that从句

这种结构中的过去分词有：suggested,hoped,ordered,demanded,proposed,requested,decided,desired,arranged等。这种结构也表示建议、命令、要求、决心等主观意向。虚拟形式为“（should+）动词原形”，如：

Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisrequestedthatshe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi(should)giveusaspeech.Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.4、在状语从句中：②在以lest,forfearthat,incase引导的目的状语从句中要用虚拟语气，其形式为：“should+动词原形”，如：I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.Heranawaylestheshouldbeseen.IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitshouldrain.4、在状语从句中：③由asif或asthough引导的方式状语从句，如果与现在的事实相反，用过去式；与过去的事实相反，用过去完成式，如：Itseemsasifitwas/werespringagain.Heacts/actedasif/thoughhewas/wereanexpert.Irememberthewholethingasifithappened/wereyesterday.HespoketomeasifIwas/weredeaf.Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Hetalkedasifhehadlivedthereforyears.Hespeaksasifhehadreallybeenthere.4、在状语从句中：④由evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句，如果与现在或将来的事实相反，用过去式，（be用were）；与过去的事实相反，用过去完成式，如：TheTVprogrammefortonightwon’tbeinteresting.Evenifitwere,Imightnothavetimeforit.I’dprefertostayathomewatchingTVorreadingsomething,eventhoughitstoppedsnowing.Iwillcriticizehimevenifhehadwonthegame.Ishouldn’thaveboughttherecorderevenifthepricehadbeenreduced.5、在定语从句中：

在“Itis/was(high)timethat…”结构中，要用虚拟语气表示将来的状态或行为，that从句中或者用“过去式”，或者用“should/oughtto+动词原形”，连词that可省略不用，如：Itistimethatwewenttobed/school.Itistimethatwehadsupper/theyhaddinner.It’shightimethatwestarted.It’shightimethatIwasoff.Itistimethatweshouldgotobed.It’stimeIoughttoleavenow..6、由ifonly引导的感叹句中，要用虚拟语气，例如：

IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!Ifonlywehadlistenedtotheiradvice!Oh,ifheonlyknewhowwemisshim!Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime!IfIcouldonlyseehimonce!7、wouldrather后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，（连词that常省略不用）。在wouldrather这一句型中，主句内没有实义动词，这一现象在英语中实属鲜见。wouldrather常缩略为“’drather”，尤其是在口语中。这种结构如果表示与现在或将来的事实相反的愿望，从句的动词用过去式，（be为were）；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句的动词用had+过去分词。例如：IcouldgomyselfbutIwouldrather/sooneryouwent.Iwouldratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.IwouldratheryoucameonSunday.Iwouldrathershewerenotthere.Iwouldratherthatyouhadn’ttoldhim.Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow/youhadgonetheretoo.HewouldratherIhaddonetheworkforhim.模拟试卷T7-59、61，T5-58/61历年考题中的虚拟语气

1.Ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp,we___（be）inrealtrouble.2.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,ifhe___

（notbe）sobusy.3.Itishightimethatwe___（take）firmmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.4.Itwasimperativethatstudents___（finish）theirpapersbeforeJuly1st.wouldhavebeenhadnotbeen

tookshouldfinish

历年考题中的虚拟语气5.Theydemandedthattherighttovote___（give）toeveryadultperson.6.Iwouldratherhe____（buy）thehousenextyear.

7.Themanagertoldustobefriendlytothevisitorsasifwe___（meet）thembefore.boughtbegivenhadmet

历年考题中的虚拟语气8.Shouldshecometomorrow，I___takehertothemuseum.[A]can

[B]will

[C]would

[D]must9.Ifwe___everythingreadybynow，weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.[A]hadn'tgot[B]didn'tget[C]wouldn'thavegot[D]wouldn'tgetCA虚拟语气练习题1.It'stimethatyou_____homeandI'dratheryou_______againtomorrow.A.wouldgo;wouldcome B.went;cameC.go;arecoming D.aregoing;willcome2.Heinsistedthathe________nohelp.A.wouldneedB.needed C.needD.needs3.Ireallywishsuchanoise________soon.A.hadstoppedB.wouldstop C.stopped D.willstop4.I____youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.A.muchhavebought B.hadboughtC.wouldhavebought D.wouldbuy5.Ifshecouldsew,she_______herselfashirt.A.hadmadeB.willmake C.wouldhavemadeD.made6._______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A.WouldB.Should C.Shall D.If7.I_______tostaythereforonemoreweek,butIchangedmymind.A.wouldhavehoped B.washopingC.hadhoped D.hoped8.It'snecessarythateachchild_________therules.A.mustobeyB.stillobeyC.obeysD.obey9.Theofficergavetheorderthatsoldiers______togooutatnightA.mustn'tbeallowed B.notbeallowedC.benotallowed D.shouldn'tallow10.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe______toyourplan.A.shouldn'tagree B.wouldn'tagreeC.hadn'tagreed D.didn'tagree11.You______tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcome B.cameC.wouldhavecome D.shouldhavecome12.He______thejobwell,buthe_________socareless.A.hadn'tdone;hadbeen B.couldhavedone;wasC.coulddo;wasD.haddone;hadbeen13.Therewasplentyoftime,she_______havehurried.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.couldn'tD.mustn't14.Hedidn'tcomeyesterday,oryou________him.A.hadseen B.mighthaveseenC.weretosee D.wouldsee15.LiNingactedthatwayasthoughhe_________aforeigner.A.wereB.