动态泊位系统

DynamicBAPpresentationobjective讲清楚论文内容讲一讲学术论文写什么Academicpaper学术论文Abstract摘要Introduction引言Literaturereview文献综述Problemformulation模型Solutionprocedure算法Computationalexperiments算例Conclusion结论

Thispaperaddressestheproblemofdeterminingadynamicberthassignmenttoships

inthepublicberthsystem.Whilethepublicberthsystemmaynotbesuitableformostcontainerportsinmajorcountries,itisdesiredforhighercost-effectivenessinJapan'sports.Theberthallocationtocallingshipsisakeyfactorforefficientpublicberthing.However,itisnotcalculatedinpolynomially-boundedtime.Toobtainagoodsolutionwithconsiderablysmallcomputationaleffort,wedevelopedaheuristicprocedurebasedontheLagrangianrelaxationoftheoriginalproblem.Weconductedalargeamountofcomputationalexperimentswhichshowedthattheproposedalgorithmisadaptabletorealworldapplications.Abstract摘要的四要素：目的:研究的目的、范围、重要性；方法:采用的手段和方法；结果:完成了哪些工作，取得的数据和结果；结论:得出的重要结论及主要观点，论文的新见解。摘要表明:

作者研究什么；为什么研究；怎么研究的；研究得出了什么结果；结果说明了什么问题。摘要——概括全文大意，是论文的中心思想对象（研究什么）:adynamicberthassignmenttoshipsinthepublicberthsystem目的（为什么研究）:proposeanalgorithmtoobtainagoodsolutionwithconsiderablysmallcomputationaleffort方法（怎样研究的）:aheuristicalgorithmbasedontheLagrangianrelaxation(LR)结果（研究得出的结果）：alargeamountofcomputationalexperimentsshowthatthealgorithmisadaptabletorealworldapplications问题描述——表明问题有研究价值包括研究背景、研究对象、研究的必要性、问题的特点、问题的属性文献综述——表明研究的创新点作者的思路和方法——（道与术）论文的内容安排——目录1.introduction（引言）主要叙述研究背景、研究方向、要解决的问题、研究方法、结果、论文的价值和意义。引言只需交待论文论题，不需交待论据。一段：交待研究背景

Partoftheincreasedcostistheresultofovercapitalizationoftheportfortherelativelysmallcargovolume.二段：提出解决上述问题的办法—BAPinthepublicberthsystem

Itisofinteresttolimitthenumberofberthsbyintroducingapublicberthsystem.Itplaysanimportantroleinminimizingtheturnaroundtime.三段：表明写作意图，创新之处

Thegoalofthispaperistoproposeanalgorithmforsolvingtheberthallocationproblem(BAP).Thedynamicversionoftheproblem(DBAP)wasconsideredinthispaper.四段:问题（DBAP）的属性、解决办法

TheDBAPisrepresentedbyathreedimensionalassignmentproblemwithsomeadditionalconstraints,aLagrangianrelaxation-basedheuristicalgorithmwaspresentedfortheDBAP.五段：论文结构安排—目录遗憾：没交代问题研究的意义与价值，及为什么是个问题，是个什么问题Therearemanydecisionproblemsinvovledinacontainerterminaloperation,suchasberthallocation,quaycranescheduling,QCallocation,locationassignment.yardcranescheduling,trailerroutingproblem.Allthesedecisionsaffectoneachother,butthemostimportantisBAP,whichhasanimportantcontributiontotheterminalproductivity.BAPistoassignaberthingpositionandaberthingtimetoeathvessel,whichisoftenregardedasaNP-hardproblem.引言相关补充2.1publicberthingsystem

characteristic:ignorethearrivalorderofships.(NOFCFS)advantage:minimizetheturnaroundtimeofshipslimitthenumberofberthsdisadvantageinequitablewaitingtimepublic是指在所有泊位间调度船舶以提高泊位利用率。

2.2LiteratureReview(文献综述)作者年份论文特点本文特点LaiandShih1992assumetheFCFSallocationstrategyNOFCFSBrownetal1994、1997treatshipberthinginnavalports,sometimesaberthshiftingoccursNoberthshiftingincommercialportsImaietal1997staticBAPwithoutconsideringFCFStreatthedynamicallocationNormanandBean1999M-parallelmachimeproblem.treatidenticalmachinesinparallel.treatunrelatedmachines表明问题研究的层次，表述自己的研究与他人的不同之处Section3—fromtheSBAPextendingtotheDBAPStaticBAPalltheshipsarealreadyinport

whenthebearthingplanis

determined.（作业计划制作前，船已经全部到达。）itassumesthatallvesselsarriveandleavetheportatthebeginningandendoftheplanninghorizon.DynamicBAPsomeshipsmayarriveattheportduringtheplaninghorizon.

（作业计划执行期间，仍有船陆续到达。）anewplanninghorizonstartswhenavesselarriveorleavetheport.3.1AssumptionsforTheSBAPIngeneralweassume,Eachberthservicesoneshipatatime.（离散型泊位discrete）Nophysicalortechnicalrestrictionssuchasarelationshipbetweenshipdraftandwaterdepth.Theshiphandlingtimedependsontheberthposition.Thehandlingtimeisassumedeterministic(确定性的).shipsstarttobeservicedimmediatelyafterthedepartureoflastshipinthesameberth.Consecutiveserviceforshipswithoutdisruptionssuchasberthshifting.ForStaticBAPwealsoassume,Alltheshipsarealreadyinportwhentheberthingplanisdetermined.（船全部到达后，泊位开始使用）Notationstimewhenberthibecomesidlearrivaltimeofshipjhandlingtimespentbyshipjatberthi=1,ifshipjisservicedasthekthshipatberthiiforberth,jforship,kforserviceorder123Inthestaticproblem,Si≥Ajforalliandj.123以Berthi为例：order1:order2:order3:objective：minimizethewaitingtimeforpredecessors,plushandlingtimeobjectivefunctionvalue=

objectivefunction=weight（T-k+1）meansthewaitingtimeofaparticularshipisrepresentedbythecumulativehandlingtimeofitspredecessors.（前船的作业时间成为后船的等待时间）FormulationofTheSBAPeveryshipmustbeservicedatsomeberthinanyorderofserviceeveryberthservicesuptooneshipatanytime

Solution—Hungarianmethodnj1*1.........1*T........I*1.........I*T11................................................T1Hereweassume,T=3,I=2,so1*11*21*32*12*22*3123Solution—Hungarianmethod其中，一般都作为已知。船舶泊位*顺序号lemma1—引理Atoptimality,Nshipsassignedtoaspecificbertharescheduledtobeservicedconsecutivelyasthe(T-N+1)thtotheTthships.1*11*21*32*12*22*3123引理表明：consecutiveserviceataspecificberth

：由表易知，同一泊位不连续的服务会增加总时间。shiporderisfromthe(T-N+1)thtotheTth：由表得知ijk分别取112,133,223，但两个泊位都不从order1开始，显然顺序存在问题。

表格中得到的shiporder需再减去(T-N)。总共有3条船，泊位一分配2条，泊位二分配1条，即正确的ijk为111,132,2213.2FormulationoftheDBAPidletimeofberthibetweenthedepartureofthe(k-1)thshipandthearrivalofthekthship（泊位连续服务时，上一艘船服务完毕而下一艘船还未到来时，泊位的闲置时间）ForDynamicBAP

someshipsmayarriveatthepor