语法专题12《简单句陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句》

专题12简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句)

专题12┃简单句1陈述句┃考点直击

┃陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子，包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下：1．be动词的否定式：在be动词后面加否定词not。如：Wearen'tclassmates.我们不是同学。2．情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如：

Ican'tspeakEnglishwell.我的英语说得不好。专题12┃简单句

3．实义动词的否定式：借助助动词do/does/did。一般现在时的句子的否定结构：主语＋doesn't/don't＋动词原形＋其他。如：Hedoesn'tdoexerciseeveryday.他不是每天锻炼。4.含助动词will,have,has,be的否定式：在后面直接加not。如：Hehasn'tbeenthere.他没去过那儿。专题12┃简单句

2疑问句疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。它分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。1．一般疑问句：通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如：—Areyoutired?你累吗？—Yes,Iam.是的，我累。2．选择疑问句：提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。如：Shallwegohomeorstayhereforthenight?我们回家还是待在这里过夜？专题12┃简单句3．特殊疑问句：以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。如：Whatdoyoulikemost?你最喜欢什么？4．反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。反意疑问句遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要一致。专题12┃简单句中考中常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下：(1)陈述部分为“Letus…”时，问句部分习惯上用“willyou？”；陈述部分为“Let's”…时，问句部分习惯上用“shallwe？”。如：Letusgotothecinema,willyou?让我们去看电影好吗？Let'sgotothecinema,shallwe?让我们去看电影好吗？专题12┃简单句(2)陈述部分为“There(Here)＋be＋主语”时，问句部分用“be＋not＋there(here)？”形式。如：Therearetwocakesontheplate,aren'tthere?盘子里有两块蛋糕，不是吗？(3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little,few,never,hardly,seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：Sheseldomgoesswimming,doesshe?她很少去游泳，是吗？(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如：Somethingiswrongwiththecomputer,isn'tit?那台电脑有问题了，不是吗？专题12┃简单句(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或they，这时问句动词的数应和he或they一致。如：Someoneisknockingatthedoor,isn'the?有人在敲门，不是吗？(6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We)don'tthink(believe,suppose,consider等)＋that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：Idon'tthinkthathehasfinishedtheworkontime,hashe?我认为他没有按时完成工作，不是吗？专题12┃简单句(7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un－，im－，in－，dis－等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：Itisunfair,isn'tit?它是不公正的，不是吗？(8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分可用“willyou/won'tyou”；陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分只能用“willyou”。如：Don'tmakeanynoise,willyou?不要制造噪音，好吗？专题12┃简单句3祈使句祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。其否定式是直接在动词原形前加don't。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下：1．动词原形＋其他。如：

Becareful.小心。2．Do＋动词原形(加强语气)。如：Dobecarefulnexttime.下次要小心。3．加please的祈使句(表示更加客气和礼貌)。如：Openthedoor,please.请打开门。专题12┃简单句

4感叹句感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。1．what引导的感叹句(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：Whatadifficultquestionitis!多么难的一个问题啊！(2)What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！如：Whatusefulinformation!多有用的信息啊！专题12┃简单句

2．how引导的感叹句(1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！如：Howkindtheyare!他们多和蔼啊！(2)How＋陈述句(主语＋谓语)！如：Howtimeflies！时间飞逝！3．what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。如：Whatagoodgirl！＝Howgoodthegirlis!多好的女孩啊！专题12┃简单句

5倒装句1．副词位于句首时。here,there,now,then等副词置于句首时句子要倒装，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：Herehecomes.他来了。专题12┃简单句

2．only在句首强调状语时。如：Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。3．以so/neither/nor开头的句子。此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者，用倒装句“so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。如：Johncan'tswim,neithercanI.约翰不会游泳，我也不会。专题12┃简单句

1．[2013·黄石]Ican'tplaythepiano,and________．A.neithercanmysisterB．mysistercan't,too

C.socan'tmysister

D．canmysister,either2．[2013·重庆]—________doesyourfatherplaytennisafterwork?—EveryTuesdayandThursday.A.HowoftenB．Howsoon

C．WhereD．WhyAA┃考点过关

┃专题12┃简单句3．[2013·邵阳]Thereislittlemilkinthefridge,________？A.isthereB．isn'tthereC．isn'tit4．[2013·青岛]—________itistoday!—Yes.Shallwegohiking?A.HowfineweatherB．Whatfineweather

C．WhatafineweatherD．Howfinetheweather5．[2013·安顺]Tom,________afraidofspeakinginfrontofpeople.Youarethebestone.A.don'tB．not

C．notbeD．don'tbeDBA专题12┃简单句

1．Idon'tthinkshewillpasstheexam,________？A．won'tshe

B．willshe

C．doessheD．doesn'tshe

[解析]

反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I(We)don'tthink(believe,suppose,consider)＋that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。B┃语法专练

┃专题12┃简单句

2．—MrWang'sneverbeentoCanada,hashe?

—________.Hewentthereonbusinesslastweek.

A．No,hehasn'tB．Yes,hehas

C．No,hehasD．Yes,hehasn't

[解析]

反意疑问句的答语要根据事实来回答。由答语“Hewentthereonbusinesslastweek.”可知他去过，故选B。B专题12┃简单句

3．[2013·乌鲁木齐]—Idon'tlikedocumentaries.—________．A.SodoIB.SoIdoC．NeitherdoID.EitherdoI4．You'vejustfinishedyourlisteningexam.Pleaseget

yourselfreadyforthenextpart,________？A．shallweB．willyouC．doyouD．areyou5．[2013·黔东南]—WehaveneverbeentoMexico.WhataboutJeff?—________.Hehopestovisitsomeday.A．NeitherhasheB.Neitherdoeshe

C．SohasheD.SodoesheCBA专题12┃简单句

6．[2012·滨州]Shecanhardlywriteherownname,________？A．cansheB．can'tshe

C．needsheD．needn'tshe

[解析]

hardly意为“几乎不”，表示否定，故反意疑问句应用肯定形式。A7.[2013·铜仁]—Ireallyhatetogotosuchanoisyplace.—________．A．SoamIB.SodoI

C．SohaveID.SocanIB专题12┃简单句8．[2012·广东]—Youhaven'tbeentotheWestLake,haveyou?—________.ButIwillgotherewithmyparentsthissummervacation.A．No,Ihaven'tB．No,Ididn't

C．Yes,Ihave D.Yes,Idid

[解析]

此处的“No,Ihaven't.”意为“是的，我没有去过。”A9．[2013·安顺]Ourtownhaschangedalot，________.

A．sohehasB.sohashis

C．soishersD.sohasheB专题12┃简单句

10．—It'ssunnytoday.Let'sgomountainclimbing,

________？—Goodidea!A．shallweB．willyou

C．won'tyouD．doyou11．Nothingismoreimportantthanlife,________？A．isitB．isn'tit

C．aretheyD．aren'ttheyAA专题12┃简单句

12．[2013·烟台]—Wouldyouliketogototheamusementpark?—IfJackdoes,________．A．Igo,tooB.sowillI

C．neitherwillID.sodoI13．—________afraidofmakingmistakes.Failureisthe

motherofsuccess.

—Thanksforencouragingme.

A．Don'tB．Don'tbe

C．NotbeD．BenotBB专题12┃简单句

14．[2013·宜宾]—Samdidn'tgotoschoolyesterday,didhe?—________.Hewasillyesterday.A．Yes,hedidB.No,hedid

C．No,hedidn'tD.Yes,hedidn't15．[2013·内江]—________wouldyouliketochoosetolivein,Chengdu,BeijingorShanghai?—Chengdu,Ithink.A．HowB.What

C．WhenD.WhichCD专题12┃简单句

16．[2013·安徽]—________canyoufinishthisEnglishexam?—Inaboutoneandahalfhours.A．HowfarB.Howoften

C．HowsoonD.Howlong17．________.It'sbadforyourhealth.

A．Don'ttoeattoomuch

B．Noeattoomuch

C．Nevereattoomuch

D．NevereatingtoomuchCC专题12┃简单句

18．—________lateforschoolagain,Tom.

—Sorry,IpromisethatI________.

A．Don't;won'tB．Don'tbe;won't

C．Don'tbe;don'tD．Don't;will19．[2012·孝感]—________doyouhangoutwithyourfriends?—Onceaweek.A．Howlong

B．Howmany

C．HowsoonD．HowoftenBD

[解析]

onceaweek意为“一周一次”，表示频率，对频率进行提问用howoften。专题12┃简单句20．________thisrockmusic,please.I'mafraidsome

peoplecan'tstandthenoise!

A．StoppingB．Stop

C．StopsD．Stopped21．—IsthisaChinesebookoranEnglishbook?

—Oh.________．A．Yes,itisB．No,itisn't

C．AnEnglishbookD．AmusicbookBC

[解析]

此题考查选择疑问句。选择疑问句不能简单地用yes或no来回答，要选择其中之一。专题12┃简单句22．—________didyoureceivetheletter?

—Justnow.

A．What

B．When

C．Where

D．Why23．—________？—Theoneonthestage.A．WhoareboysB．Where'stheboy

C．Who'sthatboyD．Whichboy24．—Haveyouwateredthetrees?

—________.I'mtoobusyandIforgetit.

A．Yes,IdidB．Yes,Ihave

C．No,Ididn'tD．No,Ihaven'tBDD专题12┃简单句

25．________wonderfulnewsreporthewrote!Allof

uswereproudofhim.

A．Whata B．What

C．How D．Howa

[解析]

由后面的report可知引导词应该用what,report是可数名词，故选A。A专题12┃简单句26．________goodadvicetheteachergaveme!

A．HowB．What

C．WhataD．Howa

[解析]

advice意为“建议”，为不可数名词。此题考查感叹句型：What＋形容词＋不可数名词！B专题12┃简单句

27．[2013·安徽]—Tony,________areyouinsuchahurry?—Themeetingwillstartsoon.Idon'twanttobelate.A．whereB.howC．whenD.why28．[2012·广东]________excitingitistoswimintheseawhileitishot!A．HowB．What

C．HowanD．WhatanDA专题12┃简单句

29．—________goodtimewehadatthepartylastnight!

—Yes.Itwas________excitingpartythatIwould

neverforgetit.

A．What;soB．How;such

C．Whata;suchanD．Howa;soan30．—Look，________dirtythewateris!

—Yes,weshouldreallytakesomeactionstodeal

withit.

A．whataB．what

C．howD．howaCC专题12┃简单句31．[2013·泸州]Tellmethewaytothecinema,________you?A．willB.need

C．shallD.may32．—Two________diedintheaccident.

—________terribleitis!

A．policemen;How

B．policeman;What

C．police;WhatD．policemans;HowAA专题12┃简单句

33．—Dad,doyoulikemypicture?

—________！It'sthenicestoneI'veeverseen!

A．Whatbeautiful

B．Howcareful

C．Howwonderful

D．Whatwonderfulpicture34．[2013·黄石]________funitistohaveicecream