高中英语教学资料-unit 1 period

Unit1WomenofachievementPeriod3LearningaboutLanguage主谓一致【观察思考】用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Bob__aworker.(be)2.Allofthem___workers.(be)3.Theresearchgroup_______offivepeople.(consist)4.Hehastoworry.Hisfood___runout.(have)5.Twoyears___passedsinceheleftXi’an.(have)isareconsistshashas6.Theold___beingtakengoodcareofinoursociety.(be)7.Notonlyyoubutalsohe__wrong.(be)8.Theteacherwithtwostudents____atthemeeting.(be)areiswas【语法探究】Ⅰ.名词作主语时的主谓一致1.集合名词family,group,class,team,club,crowd,police,audience,company,committee,government等被看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示成员,谓语动词则用复数形式。①Myfamily__verylarge.我的家庭很大。(强调整体)②Hisfamily___waitingforhim.他的家人在等他。(强调成员)isare2.单、复数同形名词means,sheep,deer,series,works,species等作主语时,必须根据具体意思来确定其谓语的单、复数形式。①Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.(翻译)_______________________②Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.(翻译)_________________________所有可能的方法都试了。每一种可能的方法都试了。3.表示成双成套的名词,如trousers,shoes,glasses,clothes等作主语,谓语用复数。若与apair/suitof连用,谓语用单数形式。①Apairofglasses_____quitealotnow.(cost)现在一副眼镜值很多钱。②Theshoes_______myfeet,soI’llchangethem.(fit)我的鞋不合脚,因此我要换一双。costsdon’tfit4.clothing,baggage/luggage,furniture,jewellery,equipment等不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数形式。TheequipmentofourfactoryisallimportedfromBritain.我们厂的设备都是从英国进口的。Ⅱ.并列主语的主谓一致1.名词+with(alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/ratherthan/but/like等)+名词,作主语时谓语动词的形式与第一个名词一致。①Themotheralongwithhertwochildren______________everyweekend.母亲与她的两个孩子每个周末都去公园。②Agifttogetherwithmanyflowers________tomeonTeachers’Day.教师节那天有人送给我一件礼物和很多鲜花。goestotheparkwassent2.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso等连接的并列主语,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词与和它邻近的主语一致。①EitherheorI___toblame.不是他就是我该受责备。②Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudents__________invitedtothemeeting.不但老师就连他的学生们也被邀请去参加这次会议。amhavebeen3.由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no,every,each,manya等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisstudyinghard.班级中的每个男孩女孩都在用功学习。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.听不到任何声音。【悟一悟➡参透误区】由and连接的两个单数名词表示两个不同的概念时,谓语用复数;但当表示同一人、物或同一概念时,谓语动词仍用单数。The

scientistandprofessorhasmadegreatcontributionstotheresearch.这位科学家兼教授在这项研究中做出了巨大贡献。Ⅲ.数量概念作主语时的主谓一致1.表示时间、距离、重量、价格等的名词复数形式作主语时,常看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数。$5,000isalargesumofmoneyforhim.对他来说五千美元是一笔不少的钱。40kilometersisalongdistanceforhimtogetthereonfoot.四十千米的路途对他步行来说是一段很长的距离。2.anumberof修饰名词作主语时谓语动词用复数;thenumberof修饰名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。①Anumberofnewhouses_______________there.那儿已建了许多新房子。②_____________peopledoingfitnesstrainingisontheincrease.进行健身锻炼的人数在不断增加。havebeenbuiltThenumberof3.一般来说,alargequantityof修饰名词作主语时谓语动词通常用单数;而largequantitiesof修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。Alargequantityoftreeshasbeenplantedoneithersideoftheroad.=Largequantitiesoftrees__________plantedoneithersideoftheroad.道路两旁种植了很多树。havebeen4.some,most,rest以及分数或百分数修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数根据所指代的名词而确定。Twothirdsofhisincomehasbeenspentonbooks.他收入的2/3都花在了买书上。5.population表示“人口”总称时,谓语常用单数,常用形容词large或small修饰;表示“几分之几”的人口则是指具体人口,谓语用复数。70%ofthepopulationinthatcountryarestillinpoverty.那个国家70%的人仍在贫困中。Ⅳ.定语从句中的主谓一致1.在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。2.在“oneof+复数名词+who/which/that引导的定语从句”中,若关系代词在定语从句中充当主语,谓语常用复数。若one前有the(only/very/right)修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.喜欢唱歌的那些人可以加入我们。Tomisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.汤姆是通过这次考试的学生中的一个。Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.汤姆是唯一通过这次考试的学生。Ⅴ.不定式/动名词/主语从句作主语时的主谓一致主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。①Whenthemeetingwillbeheld__________________yet.何时开会还没有定下来。②Readinginthesun___________oureyes.在阳光下看书对眼睛有害。hasnotbeendecideddoesharmto【悟一悟➡参透误区】what引导主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但后面所指的具体内容为复数意义时,谓语则可用复数形式。Whatweneedareteachers.我们所需要的是老师。【真题体验】1.(2014·湖南高考)Allweneed

asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.areB.wasC.isD.were【解析】选C。考查主谓一致。句意:我们所需要的就是一小块土地,能够在一年的生长季节在上面种植各种各样的果树。句子的主干为Allweneed

asmallpieceofland,其中weneed是定语从句,all在此指的是asmallpieceofland,且根据语境知为现在时态,故谓语动词应用is。2.(2013·江苏高考)Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers

essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意:一般说来,学生的内在动机和来自于他人的高期望值对他们的发展是必要的。此处考查主谓一致中的就前原则,除了with外,还有togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,ratherthan等。根据就前原则,谓语动词的数应与innermotivation一致,因此使用单数形式,排除B项和D项。然后根据generally确定使用一般现在时,因此答案为A。【易错点拨】本题学生容易误选B,因为有些学生认为with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas等连接两个名词作主语时遵循就近原则,其实是就远原则,故选A。3.(2013·湖南高考)Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents

around$8,450ayear,which

aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are;is B.are;areC.is;are D.is;is【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意:这所大学估计一名国际生的生活开销每年大约是8450美元,这对其中的一些学生来说是一大负担。livingexpenses生活开销,为复数名词,故谓语动词用复数;$8,450为金钱概念,谓语动词用单数。4.(2012·陕西高考)Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,

interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.A.were B.wasC.is D.are【解析】选B。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:比赛后不久,那位篮球教练和他的队员们因为他们的出色表现而受到了采访。根据句意可知事情已经发生,所以用过去时,排除C和D。主语后接aswellas短语作插入语时,谓语动词形式不受其影响。这里的主语Thebasketballcoach是单数,所以谓语动词应该用单数,B项符合题意。【真题拓展】1.(2012·湖南高考)Allthescientificevidence

thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming

damagingourhealth.A.show;are B.shows;areC.show;is D.shows;is【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意:所有的科学证据表明在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品对我们的健康有害。evidence为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数;题干中的第二个空的主语应该是use,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,故D项正确。2.(2011·安徽高考)Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich

savedforotherpurposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were【解析】选D。考查时态与主谓一致。句意:该工厂使用了65%的原材料,其余的用作其他用途。非限制性定语从句中的主语therest意为“其余的”,谓语动词应与of后的名词一致,而which指代先行词materials,故谓语用复数;定语从句中的时态应与主句中的谓语动词used一致,故用过去时态。从时态和主谓一致两方面考虑,选择D项。Ⅰ.阅读理解MulanisayoungwomaninancientChinawhodisguises(假扮)herselfasamaninordertofightinherfather’splaceagainsttheHuns.Thislegenddatesbacktoa6thcenturyChinesepoem.Inthepoem,Mulanisastrongandindependentwoman.AswefirstseeMulan,sheispreparingtomeetwithamatchmaker(媒人)tofindasuitablehusbandandhonourthefamilyname.Toensuregoodluck,hergrandmothersendsalongCri-Kee.However,Mulanisnotyetreadytohaveahusband.Soonafterthisdisappointingturn,herfatherisdrafted(征募)toserveinthearmyagainsttheHuns.Mulandecidestohonourherfamilybyfightinginherfather’splace,sosheleaveswithherhorsetoothersoldiers.Beforesheleaves,Mulanasksforguidancefromherancestors;theysendatinydragonnamedMushutowatchoverher,buthemaybringmoretroublethanhelp.MushuandCri-Keeprovidemuchofthecomedyinthemovie.

Mulanisagreatfamilyfilm,suitableforalmostanyage.Therearefewfrighteningoroverlyviolentscenes.Thecomedyissuccessfulanditscharactersareeasierforyoungchildrentowatch.What’smore,musicisanimportantpartofthemovieandthemusicnumbersarewell-placed,andwhiletheymaintainDisneystandards,theyalsomanagetoshowthemoodofdifferenttimeandplaces.【语篇概述】文章讲述的是动画片《木兰》的故事梗概以及它成功的原因。1.Whathappenedatthebeginningofthefilm?A.Mulandisguisedaman.B.Mulanwaspreparingtomeetwithamatchmaker.C.Anordercalledforsoldierstothefront.D.Mulanwasplayingintheyard.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句话“AswefirstseeMulan,sheispreparingtomeetwithamatchmakertofindasuitablehusbandandhonourthefamilyname.”可知,在电影的开头,木兰正准备见媒婆,故答案选B。2.Wecaninferthat

playsanimportantpartinmakingMulanasuccessfulfilm.A.fiercewarscenes B.youngchildrenC.well-placedmusic D.moodofaudience【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段的最后一句话可知,恰当安排的音乐对动画片《木兰》的成功起到了很重要的作用,故选C。3.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Mulanwenttoherfather’splacealone.B.Mulanwasaviolentmovie.C.Mulanwasafilmonlyforyoungchildren.D.Cri-KeeandMushuincreasemuchofthehumortothefilm.【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章第二段最后一句说明了电影中Mushu和Cri-Kee喜剧色彩给电影增色不少。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.MulanisayoungfamouswomaninancientChina.B.Mulanisafamouspoem.C.Mulanisasuccessfulmovie.D.Mulan,MushuandCri-Keearegoodfriends.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文,文章讲述的是动画片《木兰》的故事梗概以及它成功的原因。Ⅱ.任务型阅读根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Isthereanythingmoreimportantthanhealth?Idon’tthinkso.“Healthisthegreatestwealth,”wisepeoplesay.1

Ifyouhaveaheadache,toothache,backache,orbadpaininthestomach,ifyoucomplainofabadcough,orifyousufferfromhighorlowbloodpressure,Ithinkyoushouldgotothedoctor.Thedoctorwillexamineyourthroat,testyourbloodpressure,takeyourtemperature,soundyourheartandlungs,checkyourteethorhaveyourchestX-rayed.2Theonlythingyouhavetodoisfollowhisadvice.

3Anoldgentlemancametoseethedoctor.Themanwasveryill.Hetoldthedoctorabouthisweakness,memorylossandseriousproblemswithhisheartandlungs.Thedoctorexaminedhimandsa