英语专四作文写作

TEM4—Writing2010年TEM试卷PartVIWRITING(45MIN)SectionACOMPOSITION(35MIN)

Itwasrecentlyreportedinanewspaperthatsixstudentswhosharedadormatalocaluniversityhiredacleanertodolaundryandcleaningonceaweek.Andeachofthempaidher60Yuanamonth.Thishasledtoaheateddebateastowhethercollegestudentsshouldhirecleaners.WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?1整理课件Youaretowriteinthreeparts.Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionmayresultinalossofmarks.2整理课件专四作文要求专四作文要求：根据所给作文题目、提纲、数据等，在35分钟内写200单词的左右的作文，分值15分，要求：切题、完整、条理清楚、结构严谨、语法正确、语言通顺、表达得体。体裁为议论文、说明文（记叙文、描写文没有考过但不能排除）。3整理课件一、分析往届真题，判断作文命题方式

年份主题或题目题材体裁题型1995大学生打工利与弊学生业余生活议论文利弊比较1996大学生活与中学生活的不同学生生活说明文对比说明1997专业学习压力利或弊学生学习议论文观点议论1998一种解决城市空气污染的办法环境说明文提出建议1999电视广告的利或弊社会现象议论文利弊讨论2000课外活动的重要性学生生活说明文观点说明2001旅游开阔视野大众生活说明文观点说明2002保持健康的最好办法大众生活说明文提出建议2003保持好心情的重要性大众生活说明文观点说明2004电话是否会代替写信？社会现象议论文观点议论4整理课件2005为艺术节提建议校园文化生活说明文提出建议2006攒钱/还是花明天的钱大众生活议论文观点议论2007网上交友理智吗学生业余生活议论文观点议论2008做志愿者的好处学生业余生活说明文观点议论2009旅游伤害环境吗社会现象议论文观点议论2010大学生聘用清洁工吗学生业余生活议论文观点议论2011私有车能交污染税吗？大众生活议论文观点议论2012端午节大众生活说明文说明介绍2013节约花钱大众生活议论文说明观点2014英语专业学生学数学大学生学业议论文观点议论

5整理课件二、专业四级命题的特点*题材常常涉及到学生生活，如学习、文化、课外活动、文化艺术节等，大众生活如身体健康的方法、心情愉快的重要性和旅游的作用等，一些社会热点问题和现象，如网络、环境、科技的负面影响和私家车等话题。*体裁以说明文和议论文为主，有时会有二者的配合使用。如“保持好心情的重要性”，首先要阐述出几个重要性，属于说明文；然后在分析为什么要那样做，属于议论文。因此有的作文以说明文为主，有的以议论文为主。6整理课件

*题型1）比较选择类作文1995，1996，1999，2）意义、重要性、危害性说明类作文2000，2001，2003，2006，2008,3）观点论证类作文1997，2002，2004，2007，2009，2010，20114）提出建议、解决问题类作文1998，2005。7整理课件三、写作步骤1.审清指令理解指令是写作考试至关重要的环节,因为指令包括了对作文主题、发展方式等方面的要求。例TheBestWaytoStayHealthy审题关键：theBESTway---doingexercises?----keepingabalanceddiet?----havingenoughsleep?8整理课件2.列出写作提纲将主题思想具体化、条理化。理清思路，使文章有章可循，有理可依。保证不跑题,有利于整体布局。短语句子均可，自己看得懂即可。例TheBestWaytoStayHealthytheBESTway---doingexercisesREASONS:1.physicallystrong(lung,heart,bloodcirculation)2.Helptoimproveappetite3.Helptoreleasepressure---relaxation4.Helptobuildconfidence(byrace,competition)---mentallystrongconclusion9整理课件3.确定主题句：主题句是确保不跑题的前提。写主题句最保险的方法就是将考试提示中的关键句，甚至标题加以灵活应用，考生可以直接把它扩充为主题句topicsentence。4.安排结构

指令对文章的结构有规定：第一段明确观点（简单导入和主题思想句）；第二段提供理由和事例（主题句和有说服力的细节和事件---一定是具体的例子和事件，不要空虚的套话）；第三段归纳总结（使用表示总结的词汇或词组，不要引出新观点）。10整理课件5.草稿写作

按照拟订的提纲进行充实，补充必要的细节。在打草稿的过程中可以不局限于提纲，任意发挥。以提纲为指导，对主题思想整体布局，通盘考虑。可以对提纲进行调整和修改。6.适当修改

主题思想明确，文章不偏题；细节与主题密切相关；句子和段落间的衔接；文章无标点、拼写、大小写和语法方面的错误。11整理课件四.段落的写法句子分布：按照专业四级作文的要求，在35分钟写一篇200左右的短文，因此全文只能有13-14个句子，其中引言段3，4，3句，正文段8，7，7句，结语段3，3，4句即可。12整理课件四.开头的写法开头—利用指令改写Inthisfast-pacedsociety,peopleareconfrontedwithstressinavarietyofdirectionslikeeducation,careerorfamily.Therefore,tokeepagoodmoodisofgreatsignificancetofightagainstpressurefromallaspectsoflife.13整理课件开头—开门见山Theimportanceofkeepingagoodmoodcanneverbeoverstated.Ihavethefollowingreasonstosupportthisstatement.14整理课件开头—名言、数据等+观点避免写作的主观性，可以在作文中出现别人的声音：1.如数据（Accordingtoarecentpoll,61percentofAmericanhighschoolstudentshaveadmittedcheatingonexamsatleastonce.）、2.别人的话（Myteacheroftensaidthatyoucan’ttellabookbyitscover.）、3.名人的至理名言（“Lovemakesallhardheartsgentle”byGeorgeHerbert）、4.谚语（Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.）名言都有固定的句式，不确信最好不用。Hobbiesarethebestteacher.15整理课件开头—提问：注意人称的变换-we,you,it?Areyouinagoodmoodtoday?Doyoutakeagoodmoodasanimportantpartofyourlife?Definitely,theimportanceofagoodmoodcanneverbeoverstressed.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountforwhyagoodmoodissoimportant.Firstly,agoodcanhelpus

…….16整理课件五、中间段/主体段的写法中间段要有主题句（topicsentence)主旨句是针对全篇文章，是全文内容的总结，并依靠全文的段落支持。因此应出现在开头段里。主题句是对整个段落而言，它是段落思想的概括，并靠整个段落中的例子、细节等来支持、开展。17整理课件RequirementsofaGoodTopicSentence1）Topicsentenceshouldbeacompletesentencewithacompletemeaning.Manyitemstobereadyforasafe,enjoyablehike.Ineedmanyitemstobereadyforasafe,enjoyablehike.

18整理课件Topicsentenceshouldnotbetoogeneralandshouldbeclearinmeaning.

Televisionisveryimportant.

Televisionplaysaneducationalroleindailylife.19整理课件3)Topicsentenceshouldhavepracticalcontent.(主题句内容必须具体。)Toimprovereadingability,oneneedstoacquiresomereadingskills.ToimproveEnglishproficiency,oneneedtoacquiresomeskills.20整理课件4)Topicsentenceshouldnotbeaspecificdescription.(描写细节的句子不能作主题句。)1.Hesenthiswifeadiamondringonherthirtiethbirthday.2.Theymovedtoanewapartmentlastmonth.3.Heencounteredanoldfriendyesterday.21整理课件5)Topicsentence:topic+controllingideaBeforewritinganyessayorevenaparagraph,itisimportanttothink:--thetopic--whatyouwanttosayaboutthetopic(controllingidea).

22整理课件Peoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.

Topic:avoidburglariesControllingidea:bytakingcertainprecautionsThereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.

Topic:growingupinasmalltownControllingidea:severaladvantagesMostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.

Topic:MostUS…scoreControllingidea:foranumberofreasons23整理课件requirements:

1.Topicsentenceshouldbecompletesentences. 2.Topicsentence

should

notbetoogeneral

andshouldbe

clearinmeaning.

3.Topicsentenceshouldhave

practicalcontent.

4.Topicsentenceshould

notbeaspecificdescription.5.Topicsentenceincludes:topic+controllingidea.24整理课件Practice:writeatleasttwotopicsentencesforthefollowingtopicsFirecrackersshouldbebanned.Reducewasteoncampus.HowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Tourismbringsharmtotheenvironment.Ipreferlivinginruralareastolivinginurbanareas.25整理课件Firecrackersshouldbebanned.Firecrackersformapotentialcauseforfireaccidents.Firecrackersmaycauseinjuriestoboththepeoplewhosetthemoffandtheinnocentbystanders.Firecrackerspolluteair.Firecrackersareawasteofmoneyandresources.26整理课件Reducewasteoncampus.Trytoavoidusingdisposable/throwawaytableware.Ifwearethelastonetoleavethedormorclassroom,remembertoturnoffthelights.27整理课件HowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Icanaskmyparentsforhelpiftheyhavenicecareers.Withthehelpofmyteacher,Icanapplyforaloanespeciallyprovidedforcollegestudentsbythestate.Icanalsodoapart-timejobtomakesomemoney.28整理课件Tourismbringsharmtotheenvironment.Intheprocessofexploitingascenicspot,theconstructionofartificialfacilitieswillhavecertainunfavorableeffectsontheenvironment.Sometouristsdon'thavetheawarenesstoprotecttheenvironment,anddestroytheenvironment.29整理课件Ipreferlivinginruralareastolivinginurbanareas.Livinginaruralareakeepsmeawayfromallkindsofpollution.Livinginaruralarea,Iwillhavelessworkingpressure.Livinginaruralarea,Ienjoymoreharmoniousinterpersonalrelationships.30整理课件细节的展开表示不同关系的连接词汇，如:1）时间（tobeginwith,moreover,finally;firstofall,next,then,eventually;first,second,third）2）因果(owingto,dueto,inthisway,asaresult,forthisreason,consequently,accordingly)3）比较、对比(unlike,incontrast,onthecontrary,similarly,inthesameway,inlikemanner,justas,whereas,inspiteof)31整理课件细节的展开4）附加

(besides,notonly…butalso,apartfrom,furthermore)5）递进(furthermore,moreover,equallyimportant,lastbutnotleast,additionally,likewise,aswellas,besides)6）举例acaseinpoint,toillustrate,take…forexample,asfollows,asanillustration,justas)32整理课件7）让步(inspiteof,regardlessof,eventhough,whereas)8）转折(ontheotherside,onthecontrary,nevertheless)9）解释、同位(roughlymeans,inotherwords,as…suggests,asregards,asfor,intermsof,thatistosay…,withregardto)10）选择(orrather,ratherthan,not…but,whether…or,alternately,neither…nor,either..Or)33整理课件11）总结(allinall,inshort,ashasbeenmentioned,toconclude,inconclusion,insummary,onthewhole)Wecandrawtheconclusionfromwhatwehavetalkedabout…Personally,I…Forthesereasons…Accordingtotheaboveanalysis,wecanarriveattheconclusionthat…等连词，如能恰当的运用在作文中，会增加连贯性，使句子地道流畅。34整理课件七范文赏析怎样利用范文背范文：不同类型各背一遍，背熟（背不熟与不背是一样的）熟到可以默写下来（10-15分钟）对照原文找错误，即弱点（拼写、语法、标点，时态等）背后要有意识用，即仿写，背诵的表达用得越多越好坚持此种方法练笔，必会有所收获35整理课件ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?Accordingtoarecentreport,sixuniversitystudentshiredcleanerstocleantheirdormanddotheirlaundryeveryweek.Althoughwehavenorighttotellthemwhattodowiththeirmoney,asauniversitystudentmyself,Ifindthispracticeabsurd.(第一段必须提出观点)Forastart,awayfromourparents,itisinuniversitythatwelearntobeindependentadults.Cleaningtheroomanddoingone’slaundryarethemostbasiclivingskills.Ifwealwaysdependonotherstotakecareofus,howcanwesurvivewhenthereisnoonetohelpus?Howcanwetakeonanyresponsibilitywhenwestepintosociety?36整理课件Foranother,

thepracticereflectstheirflippantattitudetowardsmoney.Themoneytheypaidforthecleanersprobablycomesfromtheirparents,whomustbeverydepressedoncetheyknowthetruth.Italso

setsaverybadprecedentoncampus.Otherstudentsmayfollowsuittoshowthewealthoftheirfamilies;orworse,theytendtothinkmoneycanbuythemanythinginthisworld,whichobviouslyiswrong.Allinall,Ithinkwemustdoawaywiththispractice.Otherwise,wemayneverappreciatethegoodvalueofmoneyandanindependentwayoflife.Thebetterandsoonerwecantakecareofourselves,themoreproudourparentswillbe.37整理课件(2)TheBenefitsofVolunteeringDirections:December5thisInternationalVolunteersDay.Since1985,whentheUnitedNationsannouncedthedpecialday,tensofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhavevolunteeredtohelpthoseinneed.Chinanowhas4.5millionregisteredvolunteerswhohaveprovidedmorethan4.5billionhoursofvolunteerwork.Whatcanyougainfromvolunteering?(注意审题，whoareYOUhere?)38整理课件Volunteeringmeansbeingwillingtohelppeopleinneedandmakecontributionstosocietyfornofinancialrewards.Needless