2018-2019学年英语新导学外研版必修三讲义：Module 5 Period Three

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PeriodThreeGrammar＆WritingⅠ.用when，where，who,whose，which填空1．AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother。2．Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.3．Confuciusisthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest。4．Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential。5．Hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor。Ⅱ。用适当的介词填空1．TheathletesagainstwhomhewillcompetecomefromGreece。2．Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.3．TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.4．IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametotheschool。5．Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Ⅰ.限制性定语从句一、关系代词的用法关系代词的一般用法列表如下：关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语表语who√√√whom√√which√√√√√that√√√√√whose√√√as√√√√√√Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter。昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(who作主语)ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人叫史密斯.（who作宾语，亦可省略）Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用铅笔写的信很难读。（that作主语，指物)Thisisthebookwhich/thathasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这就是那本被译成多种语言的书。（which/that作主语）Sheisnolongerthegirl（that)shewasbeforeshewenttocollege。她已不是上大学前的她了。(that作表语，指人）Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry。这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(whose作定语，指人）Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin。没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。（whose作定语，指物）Idon’tlikesuchpersonashe。我不喜欢像他这样的人。(as作表语,指人）二、关系副词的用法关系副词的一般用法列表如下：关系副词指代先行词所充当的成分when时间时间名词时间状语where地点地点名词地点状语why原因reason原因状语We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.我们绝不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天.Theofficewhereheworksisonthesecondfloor。他工作的办公室在二楼。Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasnotmadeclear。他没来的原因没有弄清楚。三、关系代词as引导的定语从句as可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引导定语从句，又可与主句中的thesame或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常省略。Wejumpedforjoyatthenews,aswasnatural.我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很自然的事情。Wedothesameworkasthey（do）．我们和他们干同样的活。Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和从前不一样了。Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryasheisusing.我希望得到像他正在用的那样的一本词典。四、关系代词that与which的用法区别1．关系代词用which不用that的情况(1)非限制性定语从句中。Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气.（2）关系词前有介词时.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive。这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。（3)先行词本身是that时。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow？刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？(4）关系代词后有插入语时.HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，Ithink，canhelpimproveyourEnglish。这就是那本我认为能帮你提高英语水平的英语语法书。2．关系代词用that不用which的情况（1）当先行词是all，everything，nothing,something,anything,much,little，few等不定代词时。ThatisallthatIwanttosay。那就是所有我想要说的.(2）当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou，thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake。当人们谈及杭州时，第一个想到的是西湖.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山.（3）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen。这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。(4）当先行词被thevery，theonly等修饰时.Thisistheverydictionarythathelpsmealot。这正是那本对我帮助很大的词典.（5)当先行词既指人又指事物时。Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他们谈论了他们所记得的人和事。(6)在therebe句型中。There’saforeignmanthatlivesinthatvillage.有一个外国人住在那个村子里。Ⅱ。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句一、关系代词的选定如果先行词指事（物），关系代词就用which，指人用whom.Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudiedlastyear.这就是我们去年学习用的教室。Therearesixtystudentsinourclass，twentyofwhomaregirls。我们班有六十名学生,其中二十名是女生。二、介词的选定1．根据先行词来选用介词.ThereasonforwhichIcamehereisthatIwanttogetyourhelp.我来这儿的原因是我想得到你的帮助。ThefarmonwhichIonceworkedhastakenonanewlook.我曾经工作过的农场呈现出一派新景象.2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。Thepersontowhomthisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。VolleyballisasportofwhichIamveryfond.排球是我很喜欢的运动。3．根据句意确定介词。Air，withoutwhichmancan’tlive，isreallyimportant。空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。注意：很多情况下关系副词可以用“介词＋which/whom”来代替。ThedaywhenImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife。＝ThedayonwhichImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。Thisisahallwherethemedicalconferencewillbeheld.＝Thisisahallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld。医学会议将在这个礼堂召开.Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空1．Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses。（2018·全国Ⅰ)2．Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout。（2018·浙江)3．Self。drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.（2018·江苏)4．Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017·北京)5．Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.（2016·北京)6．Creatinganatmosphereinwhichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.（2015·浙江）7．Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork。(2015·天津)8．Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent。(2015·陕西)9．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends。（2015·安徽)10．Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad。(2014·山东)Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误）1．Theyalsohadasmallpondeq\o（\s\up7(∧),\s\do5（in)）或eq\f(which，where）theyraisedfish。(2018·全国Ⅰ，短文改错）2．Thegamesmyparentstaughtmeeq\f（where，when）Iwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife。（2018·全国Ⅱ，短文改错）3．Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingseq\f（they,which/that）wereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime.（2017·全国Ⅲ，短文改错）4．Thedisheseq\f（what，which/that)或whatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite。(2016·四川，短文改错）Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Shelivesinahousewhosewindowsallfacesouth.2．Jackwho/thatisalwaysreadytohelpothersisaverykind.heartedman.3．Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforNanning。4．ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatI’veeverread。5．Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.6．Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies。7．Ididn’tknowthereasonforwhichhecamelate。8．Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?9．Doyoustillrememberthefarmwhereweworkedthreemonthsago?10．Shedescribedinhercompositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.Ⅱ。把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句11．Thestudent’sarticlewaspublished.Iknowthestudent.Iknowthestudentwhosearticlewaspublished.12．Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Itliesatthefootofthemountain.Mygrandparentsliveinahousewhich/thatliesatthefootofthemountain.13．Therecameaday.Therainfellatlastthen。Therecameadaywhentherainfellatlast.14．Wewillstartatthepoint。Weleftoffthere.Wewillstartatthepointwhereweleftoff.15．Givemeonegoodreason.Ishouldhelpyouforthereason.Givemeonegoodreasonwhy/forwhichIshouldhelpyou.Ⅲ.语法填空（2017·安徽青阳一中高一期中)OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicfestival。IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment16.later(late）thatday.Myfriends17。walked(walk)metothebusstopandwaitedwithmeuntilthebusarrived。Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback，andthenInoticedaman18。sitting(sit)atthefront.He19。waspretending(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice。Hemustbe20.mentally（mental)disabled。Behindhimwereotherpeopleto21。whomhewastryingtotalk，butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme，looking22。annoyed(annoy）．Ididn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn'tlikeleavinghim23。onhisowneither。AfterawhileIrosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself。Wehadan24.amazing(amaze）conversation。HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappy25.therestofthewayhome.I’mgladImadethechoice。Itmadebothofusfeelgood.单元写作——Writingadiscursiveessay正反对比类议论文是从正反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。正反对比类议论文在高考中占很大比例，是中学英语写作的重点体裁之一。正反对比类议论文的表现形式是：先提出某个现象，然后进行正反两方面的论述，是一种限定性的写作，其论点、论据和论证相对比较简单。它要求同学们结合题目要求，从正反两个方面陈述各自的理由，要点要全面,层次要清晰，通常最后都要求简述自己的看法,来引发人们的思考。正反对比类议论文通常分成四段：第一段综述议论的内容；第二段表述正方观点及理由；第三段表达反方的观点及理由；第四段陈述自己的观点。正反对比类议论文一般是同一时态，对当前某种观点的议论用一般现在时，对过去讨论的阐述要用一般过去时，最后在表达自己的观点时，要用一般现在时.正反对比类议论文模板：导入：第1段Recentlywe'vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould。..（导入话题)Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic。（观点有分歧）正文：第2段:Mostofthestudentsareinfavorofit.(正方观点）Herearethereasons.First，.。.Second，...Finally,。。。(列出2～3个赞成的理由）第3段：However，theothersarestronglyagainstit.(反方观点)Theirreasonsareasfollows。Inthefirstplace。.。What’smore。.。Inaddition...（列出2~3个反对的理由)结论：第4段Personallyspeaking，theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoregood，soIsupportit.（个人观点）1．Lastweek，wehadadiscussionaboutwhether.。。2．Therearetwodifferentopinionsabout...3．Somethinkthat..。，butotherssay/considerthat。.。4．Somestudentsarefor/agreetoit，while/butothersareagainst/disagreetoit。5．Ontheonehand。..,ontheotherhand.。.6．Generally(speaking），morestudentsthinkweshould..。7．First，...Second，。..Finally，。.。8．Besides/Inaddition/Also/Apartfromit。..9．Asaresult,.。。Therefore，。.。10．Ihavemyownviewabout..。随着互联网的发展和流行，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了，双十一成了一个代名词。某英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论中学生网上购物的问题。请结合实际，按以下提示,用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件,谈谈你对中学生网购的看法。1．网上购物的好处；2．网上购物的缺点；3．中学生对网购应该持什么样的态度.写作要求是根据提示写一篇短文，谈谈中学生网购的利弊。写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：这是一篇正反对比类议论文，写作中应注意文章的结构，常分为四段.2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。3．主体人称:人称应该以第三人称为主，表达自己的观点时要用第一人称.联想词汇1．变得越来越受欢迎becomemoreandmorepopular2．在……的帮助下withthehelpof3．代替，而不是insteadof4．省钱savemoney5．导致leadto/cause/contributeto/resultin6．因为dueto/thanksto/becauseof/asaresultof句式升级1．此外，我们可以通过比较不同网上商店的商品价格来节省开支.Besides，wemightsavemoneybycomparingthepriceofgoodsthat/whicharesoldindifferentonlineshops。(限制性定语从句)Besides，wemightsavemoneybycomparingthepriceofgoodssoldindifferentonlineshops。(过去分词短语作后置定语)2．另外，你不能试穿这些衣服看看尺寸是否适合你,不像你在实体店里购物那样。Foranother，youcan’ttryontheclothestoseewhethertheyfityouornotlikeyoudowhenyouareshoppinginarealshop.(时间状语从句)Foranother，youcan’ttryontheclothestoseewhethertheyfityouornotlikeyoudowhenshoppinginarealshop。（状语从句的省略)3．总之，我认为中学生应该对网上购物持谨慎态度。Allinall，Ithinkthathighschoolstudentsshouldhaveacautiousattitudetowardsonlineshopping.(宾语从句)Allinall，Iholdtheviewthathighschoolstudentsshouldhaveacautiousattitudetowardsonlineshopping。（同位语从句）OpinionsonOnlineShoppingWiththedevelopmentoftheInternet，onlineshoppinghasbecomemoreandmorepopularinChina。I’mwritingtosharemyviewsaboutonlineshopping。Ontheonehand，withthehelpofonlineshopping，wecanbuythingswewantathomeinsteadofgoingtotheshoppingmall.Besides，wemightsavemoneybycomparingthepriceofgoodssoldindifferentonlineshops.Ontheotherhand,itmightleadtomanyproblems。Foronething，yourpackagecan’talwaysreachyouontimeduetovariousunexpectedreasons.Foranother，youcan’ttryontheclothestoseewhethertheyfityouornotlikeyoudowhenshoppinginarealshop.Allinall,Iholdtheviewthathighschoolstudentsshouldhaveacautiousattitudetowardsonlineshopping.Ⅰ。阅读理解AMrParkerwasborninasmallvillage.Hisfatherwassopoorthathecouldn'tsendhimtoschool。TheboyhadtohelphisparentstodosomefarmingandlearnedEnglishandmathsbyhimselfwhenhewasfree。Lateronhewasmadetoleavehishomevillageandhopedtofindajobinacity.Andassoonaswarbrokeout，hejoinedthearmy.Hecouldn’tforgethisterriblepastandfoughtwiththeenemiesbravely.Sohebecameageneralwhenhewasfifty.Hewashonestandfriendlytohissoldiersandoftenpunishedthosewhotriedtopocketaportionofthesoldiers’pay（克扣军饷)．Andhissoldierslikedhimverymuch。OnceMrParkerheardfromasoldier.Inthelettertheyoungmansaidthefoodintheirmilitarycampwasverybadandhewishedthegeneralcouldgotofindoutthereasons，theoldmanwentthereatonce,withouttellinganybody。Hewentinthekitchenandexaminedeverythingcarefullyandfounditwasverydirty。Thenhewentinthesoldiers'bedroomsandfoundtherewerealotoffleas。Hebecameangryandaskedthesoldiers，“Whatdoyouthinkofyourfood，youngmen?"Thesoldierssawtheirofficerstandingbythegeneralandsaidnothing。Onlyanewsoldiersaid,“Verybad，sir!”“Whatdidyouhaveforlunchtoday？”askedMrParker.“Afriedchicken，somefishandpork，acake，sixeggsandIhadthreecupsofwine。”“Really？”MrParkercalledoutinsurprise。“It'stheKing’slunch,Ithink！"“SodoI，General，"saidtheyoungman.“Butit’smybirthdaytoday.Ipaidthreehundreddollarsforthemallintherestaurant!”语篇解读文章介绍了一位深受士兵爱戴的将军去军营里查明一封士兵的举报信是否属实而发生的事情.1．MrParkerwasrespectedbecause.A．hewasstrictwiththeofficersB．hewasfriendlytoeverybodyC．hecaredabouthissoldiersD．hepaidattentiontothesoldiers'letters答案C解析细节理解题.由文章第一段最后两句可知，MrParker受到士兵们的尊敬是因为他对士兵友善而且真诚，并关心士兵，故选C项。2．MrParkerwenttothemilitarycampto.A．lookforthesoldierwhowrotetohimB．punishthecooksC．inspectthekitchensD．findoutifthematterintheletterwastrue答案D解析细节理解题。由文章第二段第二句可知,MrParker收到一封举报军营里伙食状况糟糕并希望他能查明原因的举报信后，他立刻前往军营调查，故选D项。3．Thesoldiersdidn’tsayanythingbecause.A．theofficerfollowedthegeneralB．theythoughttheirfoodsweregoodC．theywereafraidofthegeneralD．thegeneraldidn’tagreewiththem答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第三段第一句“Thesoldierssawtheirofficerstandingbythegeneralandsaidnothing."可知，士兵们看到他们的长官站在旁边就什么也没说，故可推知他们没说话是因为他们的长官在场，故选A项。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．MrParkerfoundnothinginthemilitarycamp。B．Thenewsoldierhadabirthdaydinnerintherestaurant。C．Theofficerwantedtofrightenthesoldiers。D．Thegeneralnolongerbelievedthesoldiers.答案B解析细节理解题.由文章最后一段那位新兵说的话“Butit’smybirthdaytoday。Ipaidthreehundreddollarsforthemallintherestaurant！”可知B项正确。B（2017·山东潍坊高一期中）Asafunnystudent，Brianlovedwatchingcomediesbestandhopedtobecomeacomedyactoroneday.Whenheheardaboutthetalentshowtobeheldatthisschool，Briandecidedtotakepartinit。Hehadneveractedinpublicbefore,andhewasveryexcited.Butsomestudentslaughedathim。“Youarenotfunnybutsilly，"Ken，oneofhisclassmates,saidtohisface。“Noonewilllikewhatyoudo,”anotherboyalsosaidtohim，loudly.Briancouldn’tunderstandwhytheyweresounkindtohim.Foramoment，hethoughtaboutgivinguptheshow.Butherememberedhowmuchhisfriendslikedhisjokes,andalsohisteacherssaidhewasveryfunny。Sohedecidedtopreparefortheshow。Briandidagreatjobatthetalentshow。Everyonelovedhisperformance，andhewonthefirstprize!Histeachersandfriendswereproudofhim.Evenso，KentoldBrianthathewasnotfunny，andthathewouldneverbesuccessful.Briandidn’tunderstandwhyKensaidso，butherealizedthatithadnothingtodowithhim。Heconfidentlycontinuedtoworktowardshisdream。Astheyearswenton，BrianmetmorepeoplelikeKen.“You’lldoaterriblejob，”theysaidtohim。Luckily,mostpeopleencouragedhimandsomehelpedhimtobecomeevenfunnier。Hegotalotofchancestoperforminmovies.Hewaseveninvitedtoappearontelevision.Hisfansthankedhimbecausehiscomediesmadethemfeelgoodwhentheywereunhappy.NowBrianisabigcomedystar!Heisdoingwhathelovesbest。Heneverfeelsworriedlikethoseunkindpeople,andhelaughsalldaylong!语篇解读一个叫布莱恩的男孩，从小就立志当喜剧演员。尽管周围有同学打击他，但他坚持追逐梦想，最终成为一名出色的喜剧演员。5．WhatwasBrian’swishasastudent？A．Tobeacomedyactor。B．Togotoafamousuniversity.C．Totakepartinatalentshow.D．Tomakemorenewfriends.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Asafunnystudent，Brianlovedwatchingcomediesbestandhopedtobecomeacomedyactoroneday."可知，学生时代,他希望成为一名喜剧演员.故选A。6．WhatdidBriandoafterwinningthefirstprize?A．HebegantounderstandKen。B．Hebecameateacherofacting.C．Heencouragedotherstojoinhim.D．Hewentonworkinghard.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Heconfidentlycontinuedtoworktowardshisdream。”可知选D。7．Brian’sfansthankedhimbecausehiscomediesbroughtthem。A．success B．pleasureC．luck D．pride答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Hisfansthankedhimbecausehiscomediesmadethemfeelgoodwhentheywereunhappy。”可知，他的崇拜者们感谢他是因为他的喜剧给他们带来了快乐。故选B。Ⅱ。语法填空(2017·湖南师大附中高一期中)Exerciseissomething8。thatcanhelptomakeyoulookgood，feelgoodandbehealthy.Expertssuggestthatteenagersspendatleast30minutesexercising，fivetimesaweek.Thatiseasytodo！Walking，andridingyourbikescount,andso9.doschoolsports。Often，teenagersgiveupsports，10。saying（say)theyhavenotimeleftaftertheirstudies.Manyteenagersaresurprisedtolearnthatwhenyouexercise,yourbody11.willproduce/produces(produce）somechemicalsthatmakeyoufeelpeacefuland12.relaxed(relax）andincreaseyourabilitytoconcentratewhenyoustudy。Thesechemicalscanevenhelpyousleepbetteratnight.Agoodamountofsleepeverynight13。is(be）alsoimportantforyourhealth.Whenyousleep，yourbodypreparesyou14.forthedaytocome.Teenagersneedeighttotenhoursofsleepeachnight。Asamatteroffact，15。loss（lose)ofsleepcanmakeyoulooktired，andevencauseyou16。togain（gain)weight.Ifyoufollowthesuggestionsabove，youwilllookandfeelmuch17。better(good）innotimeatall.Ⅲ。短文改错（2018·江西铅山一中高一期中)LastThursday，wehadclassmeetingtodiscusswheretogofortheirspringouting.Wecameupwithseveralideasuchasgoingboating,climbingamountain，andgoingtoapark.Final，wedecidedtogomountainclimbing。Thenextday，wesetoffearlyinthemorning.Whileclimbthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview。Therefore，whenreachingthehighestpoint，wewereshockingtoseerub